Term
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Definition
| excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the body (height, weight, circumferences, skinfold, thickness) |
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Term
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Definition
| weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (W/H2); value of 30 or more is indicative of obesity; value of less than 18.5 is indicative of undernutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| a detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from 24 hour recalls, food frequency questionnaire, food diaries, and similar methods |
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Definition
| excess fat that is placed premoinantly within the hips and thighs |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily a protein defieciency characterized by edemea, growth failure, and muscle wasting |
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Term
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Definition
| may mean any nutrition disorder but usually refers to long-term nutritional inadequacies or excess |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| results from energy and protein deficiency, presenting with significant loss of body weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue mass, but with serum protein concentrations relatively intact |
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Term
| Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA) |
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Definition
| a more sensitive indicator of lean body mass than MAC or MAMC |
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Term
| Mid-upper arm circumference |
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Definition
| indicator of lead body mass and fat stores |
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Term
| Mid-upper arm muscle cirfumference |
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Definition
| indicator of lean body mass calculated from tricepts skinfold thickness and the miss upper arm circumference |
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Term
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Definition
| assessment of dietary or nutritional status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutrional status of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| process used to identify individuals at nutrition risk or with nutritional problems |
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Term
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Definition
| excess accumulation of body fat; usually defined as 20% above a desirable weight or body mass index is 30.0-39.9 |
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Term
| Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) |
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Definition
| inadequate consumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection |
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Term
| Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) |
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Definition
| levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of practically all healthy persons |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins present in serum that are indicators of the body's visceral protein status (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin) |
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Term
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Definition
| double fold of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue that is measured with skinfold calipers at various body sites |
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Term
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Definition
| waist or abdominal circumference divided by the hip or gluteal cirfumference; method for assessing fat distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the degree of balances between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements that can be affected by many factors including physiologic, psychsocial, developmental, cultural, and economic |
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Term
| optimal nutritional status |
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Definition
| sufficient nutrients consumed; people with this status are more active , have fewer physical illnesses and live longer than those who are malnourished |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient intake is inadequate; vulnerable groups are at risk for impaired growth and developement, have lower resistance to infection and disease, delayed wound healing, longer health care stays, and health care costs |
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Term
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Definition
| consumption of more than body requirements , especailly in fats, soium, and calories. This can lead to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, hyptension, stroke, cancers, etc |
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Term
Role cultural heritage and values
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Definition
| cultural hertiage play a role because there are people of different races that have different nutrient needs like how black women have lower hemoglobin levels than white women, so white women dont need as much iron as black women. Culture values vary within culture that it can be conflicting to the optimal nutition status: someone countries may see obesity as beautiful |
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Term
-identify individuals who are malnourished or at risk for developing malnutrition
-provide data for designing a nutritoina plan of care that will prevent or minimize the development of malnutrition
-establsh inadequate food intake or recent illness |
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Definition
| 3 purposes of a nutritional assessment |
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Term
| comprehensive nutrtional assessment |
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Definition
| individuals who are identified at the nutritonal risk during screening should undergo____________that includes dietary history and clinical info, physical exam for clincal signs, anthropometric measures, and lab tests |
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Term
| 24 hour recall, food frequency, questionnaire, and food diary |
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Definition
| various methods for collecting current dietary intake |
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Term
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Definition
| the easiest and most popular method of obtaining info about dietary intake is the |
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Term
1) the individual or family member may not be able to recall the type of amount that was eaten
2) intake within the last 24 hours may be atypical of usual intake
3) the individual or family member may alter the truth for a variety of reasons
4) snack items, gracies, sauces, and condiments (salt or pepper) may be unreported |
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Definition
| 4 sources of error that may occur when using the 24 hour recall |
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Term
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Definition
| recommendations for full-term infacnts for the 1st year of life to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity is |
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Term
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Definition
| this milk is not recommended for untils until 1 year of age because it can cause gastrointestinal and kidney problems and is a poor source of iron and vitamins c and e |
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Term
| those who have HIV because HIV can be transmitted through breast milk |
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Definition
| who shouldn't ever breastfeed their baby |
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Term
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Definition
| infant and children should not drink _________ or________milk or even be placed in ________ diets |
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Term
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Definition
| what do infant and toddlers need for proper growth and central nervous sytem development |
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Term
| calories, protein, iron, and calcium |
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Definition
| with adolescence the requirements increase |
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Term
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Definition
| not only should adolescents eat three times per day but they should also have |
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Term
| skipping meals, excessive fast food and sweetened beverage consumed, limited fruits and vegetables,eating disorders,hectic schedules,drugs and alcholo |
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Definition
| adolesence tend to have unhealthy habits such as |
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Term
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Definition
| during adulthood growth and nutrient must be |
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Term
| educations, to preserve health and to prevent or delay onset of chronic disease |
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Definition
| because of lfiestyle factors such as smoking or lack of excercise in the adults, it is the time for |
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Term
| undernutrtion or overnutrition |
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Definition
| older adults have increased risk for |
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Term
| nutrient-dense food choices (milk, eggs, cheese, and peanut butter) are important o offset low energy/calorie needs |
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Definition
| in aging adults they need |
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Term
| poor physical or mental health, limited function, poor dentiiton, decreased visual acuity, decreased gastrointestinal absorption and diminshed olfactory and taste of sensitivty |
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Definition
| the aging adult declines in these areas |
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Term
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Definition
| taking multiple ______can be considered to increasing the risk of a older adult to become undernutrition or over nutrition |
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Term
| sufficient calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, iron, folate, and zinc |
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Definition
| pregnant women need to take this |
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Term
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Definition
| The recommended weight gain for a normal weight woman |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal weight gain for pregnant underweight women |
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Term
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Definition
| the recommended weight gain for women who are overweight is |
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Term
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Definition
| the recommended weight gain for obese pregnant women is |
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Term
| digestion, absorption, metabolism, and utilization |
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Definition
| many medications can interact with nutrients and impair their |
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Term
| less than 70% of ideal body weight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when menarche hasn't occcured there may be |
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Term
| interview or questionnaire |
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Definition
| the 24 hour recall can be an |
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Term
| 60% of total calorie intake |
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Definition
| complex carbohydrates make up |
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Term
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Definition
Waist circumference: in men > or = to 40
in women > or = to 35
glucose: -> or = to 100 mg/dL
Triglycerides > or = 150 mg/ dL
HDL: in men < 40mg/dL
in women < 50 mg/dl
Blood pressure: > or = systolically/ > or =85 systolically |
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Term
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Definition
| foamy plaques of the cornea that are sign of vitamin A deficiency. Severe deoketuib nay result in conjunctival xerosis (drying) and progess to corneal ulceration and destruction of the eye (keratomalacia) |
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Term
| HIV infection malnutriton |
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Definition
| one that can been sickly since shortly after birth can suffer from this malnutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| Sign of vitammin D and calium defeciencies in children (disorder of cartilage cell growth, enlargement of epiphyseal growth plates) and in adult (osteromalacia) |
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Term
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Definition
| sign of riboflavin deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| vitamin B-complex deficincy |
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Definition
| a beefy-red-colored tongue i caused by |
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Term
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Definition
| deficinecy of vitaminc C. Gums are swollen, ulcerated,a nd bleeding due to vitamin c induced defects in oral epithelial basement membrane and periodontal collagen giber synthesis |
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Term
| Follicular Hyperkeratosis |
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Definition
| dry, bumpy skin associated wutg vutanub A and or linoleic acid deficncy may also result in eczematous skin, especially in infants |
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Term
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Definition
| pigmented kerattic scaling lesions from deficiency of niacin these lesions are esp.prominent in areas exposed to the sun, such as hands, forearms, neck, and elegs |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in childresn and adult who diets contain mostly carbs and little or nor protein and under stress. Generalized edema, scaling areas of decreased hair pigmentation |
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Term
| food frequency questionairre to collect how many time per day, week, or month they eat |
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Definition
| if you encounter any difficulties with the 24 hour recall use the |
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Term
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Definition
| individual or family member writes fown everyrthing consumed for certain period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| eatine and feeding process can detect problems not readily identified through nutrition interviews |
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Term
| malnutrition screening tool |
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Definition
| this method is used for adult care patients |
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Term
| Mini Nutritional Assessment |
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Definition
| this method is used in older adults in long term care and community setting |
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Term
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Definition
-eating patterns
-usual weight
changes in appetite, taste, smells, chewing, and swallowing
-recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection
-chronic illnesses
-vomitin,diarrhea, constipation
-food allergies or intolerances
-medication and or nutritional supplements
-self-care behaviors
-alcohol or illegal drug use
excercise and activity patterns
-family history |
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Term
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Definition
| underweight individuals are at risk because their fuels may be |
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Term
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Definition
| when one can had any recent surgery, trauma, burns, or infection an _______calories and nutrient intake is greater than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| these supplements have harmful side effects if taken in large amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| low birth weight that is a major factor in infant morbidity and mortality |
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Term
| small portions, finger foods, simple meals, and nutritious snacks |
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Definition
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Term
| grapes, round candies, nuts, and hotdogs |
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Definition
| avoid these foods for preschoolers |
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Term
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Definition
| these give adverse effects including personality disorders of agreesives, liver, and organ damage |
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Term
| dehydrates, high blood pressure and heart rate, and sleeping problems |
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Definition
| large amounts of caffeine, stimulants, herbal products can make adolescents |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common eat disorder of all age groups |
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Term
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Definition
| scan mentstrual flow and amenorrhea occurs from |
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Term
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Definition
| an infant that was 10 lbs or more may indicate that the mother has |
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Term
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Definition
| large amount of fish consumption may be associated with maternal,fetal, and neborn |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| weight of 80% to 90% of ideal weight |
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Term
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Definition
| weight of 70% to 80% of ideal weight |
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Term
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Definition
| weight of < 70% of ideal body weight |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| BMI for children > 5th percentile |
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Term
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Definition
| BMI for children 5th - 85th percentile |
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Term
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Definition
| BMI for children 85th to 95th percentile |
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Term
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Definition
| BMI children > to equal to 95th percental |
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Term
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Definition
A waist-ti-hip ratio of 1.0 or greater in men or 0.8 or greater in women is indicative of
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Term
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Definition
women with this waist circumference are at risk
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Term
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Definition
| a waist circumference in men that are at risk |
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Term
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Definition
| the most easily accesible for skinfold thickness |
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Term
| arms hanging freely at the sides and back to the examiner |
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Definition
| when measuring skinfold thickness of ambulatory person, they should stand with |
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Term
| one sides with upper arm fully extended and hand resting on their thigh |
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Definition
| when measuring an ambulatory person, they should lie on |
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Term
| thumb and forefinger of your left hand; calipers; 3 seconds |
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Definition
| to measure skinfold thickness use your ______ and ____________ to gently grasp fold of skin and fat on the back of the person's left upper arm. While grasping the skinfold, pick up the __________ on the right hand and depress the spring loaded lever, hold ir horizonatlly to fat fold and then release the lever while holding the skin fold. Waist _____Seconds and then read. |
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Term
| repeat three times and average the three skinfold measurements |
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Definition
| when measuring the skinfold thickness |
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Term
| undernutiton or overnutition |
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Definition
| if TCF is over or under 10% it may indiciate |
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Term
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Definition
| when measuring the mid-upper arm circumference the person can stand or sit with their arm hanging fully extended and relaxed on the side of the body loop the _______________-tape around the arm at midpoint of arm and then_________ it firmly but not to tight where it pinches. |
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Term
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Definition
| normal mid arm circumference (MAC) onn a male is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal range of the mid arm cirfumerence for 20 year old female is |
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Term
| sagging skin, changes in fat distribution, and declining muscle mass |
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Definition
| MAC and TCF measurements are difficult to obtain and interpret in older adults because of |
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Term
| bioeletrical impedence analysis and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry |
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Definition
| two new techniques that measures fat and lean body mass are |
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Term
| arm span or total arm length |
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Definition
| measuring this is useful for situations in which height is difficult to measure; measure from the distance of the sternotch to the longest finger of the dominant hand and multiply by 2 |
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Term
| elbow breadth (measure of skeletal breadth) |
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Definition
| the most accurate method to determine frame size to find out range of ideal body weight |
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Term
| 90 degree angle; condyles |
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Definition
| when measuring frame size, have their arm bend at ________________ and face the person and place the calipers on the____________________of the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose level for young children (0-2 years) |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose level of 2-18 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose for adults should be |
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Term
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Definition
| this determins iron deficiency anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| normal hemoglobin values in infant who are 1 to 3 days old is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal hemoglobin values for indants who are 2 months is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal hemoglobin levels for children 6-12 years is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal hemoglbin levels of adult males is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal hemoglobin levels ofr adult females is |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hematocrit in infant from 1-3 days is |
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Term
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Definition
| Hematocrit levels for infant at 2 months |
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Term
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Definition
| hematocrit levels of 6-12 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| hematocrit levels of adult males is |
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Term
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Definition
| hematocrit levels for adult females is |
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Term
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Definition
| this evaluates fat metabolism and risk for cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| cholesterol varies with age and gender and ranges from |
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Term
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Definition
| LDL-C values in children and adolescent should be |
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Term
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Definition
| LDL values in adults should be |
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Term
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Definition
| normal values of HDL in men are |
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Term
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Definition
| normal HDL values in women are |
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Term
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Definition
| this is used to screen for hyperlipidemia and risk for coronary artery disease |
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Term
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Definition
| normal triglycerides from ages 0-19 is |
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Term
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Definition
| normal triglycerides from ages 20-65 is < 150 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| mreasurment of visceral protein status |
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Term
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Definition
| normal range for serum albumin concentration is |
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Term
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Definition
| in an obese person serum cholesterol is ___ and serum triglycerides is |
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Term
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Definition
| individuasl with kwashiorkor may appear |
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Term
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Definition
| Serum albumin of kkwashirkor is |
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Term
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Definition
| serum transferrin for Kwashiorkor is |
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