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Health Assessment
Chpt 11 my 8 Nutritional
48
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
06/08/2013

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Term
24-hour recall questionnaire
Definition
individual or family member recall everything eaten within the last 24 hours.
1. may not recall type or amount eaten
2. may be atypical or unusual intake
3. may alter truth for variety of reasons
4. Snacks, gravies, sauces, condiments underreported.
Term
Anthropometry
Definition
Is measurement, evaluation of growth, development & body composition.
Term
Body mass index
Definition
Marker of optimal weight for heights indictor of obesity.

BMI=weight(kg)
--------
height(meters

or

weight(kg) x 703
---------
height(inches)
Term
Cachectic:
Definition
General ill health with emaciation with cancer or chronic infection.

accompanies chronic wasting disease such as cancer, dehydration & starvation.

sunken eyes and red, hollow cheeks, exhausted, defeated expression
Term
Food diary
Definition
Record- write down everything consumed for a certain period of time.
3days, 2 weekdays, or 1 weekend.
Record immediately after eating.

Problems:
noncompliance,
inaccurate recording,
atypical/intake on recording day, conscious alteration
Term
Frame size
Definition
is calculated to determine ideal body weight
Term
Kwashiorkor
Definition
protein deficiency/malnutrition
calorie intake normal.

Diet increased in calories but no protein.
May appear well nourished or obese

Decreased visceral protein levels & depressed immune function.
Term
Marasmus
Definition
Protein & calorie deficiency/malnutrition.

Inadequate intake protein & calories prolonged starvation.

Visceral protein levels may remain within normal ranges
Term
Mid upper arm circumference
Definition
(MAC) skeletal muscle mass + fat storage
Term
Nutritional assessment
Definition
Diet History, intake information, physical exam, anthropometric measurements & lab tests.

-identify if malnourished or at risk.
-provide data to design a plan of care.
-established baseline for efficacy of nutritional care.
Term
Nutritional screening
Definition
-1st step in assessing nutrition, required for all pts. in all settings within 24 hr of admit.
-Easy way to identify individuals at nutrition risk.
-With weight loss
-inadequate food intake
-recent illness
Includes weight & weight history
Term
Nutritional status
Definition
When sufficient nutrients are consumed to support day to day body needs
-Increased demands due to growth
-Pregnancy
-Illness
People with optimal Nutritional Status more active, live longer, fewer illnesses.
Term
Obesity
Definition
-BMI of 30 or above
-Due to caloric excess, refers to weigh more than 20% above ideal body weight.
-Visceral proteins &-Immunocompetence are general normal.
-But anthropometric measures higher than normal.
Term
Nitrogen balance
Definition
Released with catabolism of amino acids & excreted into the urine as urea.
Indicated person is;
anabolic (+nitrogen balance) or catabolic (-nitrogen balance)
Term
Percent ideal body weight
Definition
= current weight x100
------------
ideal weight
Term
Serum albumin
Definition
Visceral protein status (Serum protein)=protein malnutrition

Ex: decreased liver function
Normal range 3.5-5.5 g/dl
Abnormal range 2.8-3.5 g/dl=moderate depletion > 2.8 severe depletion
Term
Serum transferring
Definition
Iron, transport protein, measured directly or indirectly by total iron binding.
-May be a more sensitive indicator of viscera protein status than albumin due to 1/2 life only 8-10 days. Measures more accurately.
Term
Skinfold thickness
Definition
-10% below or above=under/over nutrition.
-Fat stores or extent of obesity or under nutrition.
-Measured;Tricept skinfold (TSF) most common easy assessable. Also can be measured in bicepts, subcapsular, suprailiac.
-Also measure childhood & teen overnutrition
Term
Undernutrition
Definition
-Nutrition reserves are depleted inadequate to meet day-to-day demands.
-At risk; infants, children, pregnanct women, recent immigrants, low income, hospitalized person, aging adults.
-Impaired growth & development, lower resistance to infection & disease, delayed wound healing, longer hospital stay & higher health care cost.
Term
Waist-to-hip ratio
Definition
Assess body fat distribution as an indicator of health risk.


= waist circumference
-------------------
hip circumference

> 1.0 men or 0.8 women= obese related disease or early mortality
Term
Obese person with fat in upper body, especially abdomen is ____ obesity?
Definition
android
Term
Obese person with fat in hips & thighs, especially abdomen is ____ obesity?
Definition
gynoid
Term
If a women has a waist circumference >35 and a man >40 what three things do they have an increased risk for?
Definition
-Heart disease
-Type 2 Diabetes
-Metabolic syndrome
Term
A practical marker of optimal weight for height?
Definition
Body mass index
Term
This measure assesses body fat distribution as an indicator of
health risk?
Definition
Waist-to-hip ratio
Term
Protein malnutrition from high-calorie, low-protein diets?
Definition
Kwashiorkor
Term
Malnutrition from inadequate intake of protein and calories, or prolonged starvation?
Definition
Marasmus
Term
A sign of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children?
Definition
Rickets
Term
Niacin deficiency?
Definition
Pellagra
Term
Deficiency of this vitamin causes swollen, ulcerated, and bleeding gums?
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
Weights more than 20% above ideal body weight?
Definition
Obesity
Term
This religious group forbids the use of alcoholic beverages and stimulants such as caffeine?
Definition
Mormons
Term
These measurements provide an estimate of body fat stores and are performed on the person’s upper arm?
Definition
Triceps skinfold thickness
Term
The food group at the base of the Food Guide Pyramid
Definition
Bread, cereal, rice, and Pasta
Term
The easiest and most popular method for obtaining information about dietary intake?
Definition
24-hour recall
Term
Measurement and evaluation of growth, development, and body composition?
Definition
Anthropometry
Term
This test is used to detect iron deficiency anemia?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
This test is used to measure visceral protein status?
Definition
Serum Transferrin ( & Serum Albumin)
Term
Obesity is usually defined as:
A. gout.
B. vitamin C deficiencies.
C. negative nitrogen balance.
D. None of the above
Definition
None of them.
Right response; A body mass index of 30 or higher.
Term
Clinical observation supports a patient's complaints of bleeding gums, splinter hemorrhages
of the nails, and joint pain. These complaints are symptomatic of:

A.excess body fat placed predominately within the hips and thighs.
B.excessive body fat leading to body weight 5% above ideal.
C.a body mass index of 30 or higher.
D.overnourished.
Definition
?
Term
Mr. Yang reports that he is consuming approximately 2000 calories per day. The nurse knows that he should:
Definition
consume 6 oz. of whole-grain products per day.
Term
What three things are potential nutritional influences?
Definition
Ethnicity
Economic status
Religion
Term
Energy requirements for the aging adult decrease as a result of?
Definition
loss of lean body mass.
Term
Nutritional status is best determined by?
Definition
Serum albumin
Term
Dietary guidelines suggest that overall fat consumption should be?
Definition
30% of the total calorie intake.
Term
For optimum health, infants receive whole milk. What component of whole milk is essential for neurologic development?
Definition
Fat
Term
A comprehensive nutritional assessment always includes?
Definition
anthropometric measures.
Term
Obese persons with more fat in the upper body, especially the abdomen, have?
Definition
android obesity.
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