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Health Assessment
Exam 1
208
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
09/23/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

birth - 18 months (infancy)
Definition
Trust vs. Mistrust
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

18 months - 3 years (toddlers)
Definition
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

3 years - 5 years (Play Age or Preschool)
Definition
Initiative vs. Guilt
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

6 years - 12 years (School Age)
Definition
Industry vs. Inferiority
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

12 years - 18 years (adolescence)
Definition
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

18 years - 35 years (young adulthood)
Definition
Intimacy & Solidarity vs. Isolation
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

35 years - 65 years (middle adulthood)
Definition
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

65 years - death (late adulthood)
Definition
Integrity vs. Despair
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Trust vs. Mistrust
Definition
birth - 18 months (infancy)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Definition
18 months - 3 years (toddlers)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Initiative vs. Guilt
Definition
3 years - 5 years (play Age or preschool)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Industry vs. Inferiority
Definition
5 years - 12 years (school age)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Identity vs. Role Confusion
Definition
12 years - 18 years (adolescence)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Intimacy & Solidarity vs. Isolation
Definition
18 yeas - 35 years (young adulthood)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Generativity vs. Stagnation
Definition
35 years - 65 years (middle adulthood)
Term
Erick Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages of Man:

Integrity vs. Despair
Definition
65 years - death (late adulthood)
Term
The 7 Dimensions of Pain
Definition
Physical
Sensory
Behavioral
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Affective
Spiritual
Term
Pain Dimensions:
verbal and nonverbal behaviors associated with pain
Definition
behavioral
Term
Pain Dimensions:
thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and motivations related to the experience of pain
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions:
ultimate meaning and purpose attributed to pain, self, others, and the divine
Definition
spiritual
Term
Pain Dimensions:
qualitative and quantitative descriptions of pain
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions:
feelings and emotions that result from pain
Definition
affective
Term
Pain Dimensions:
effect of anatomic structure and physiological functioning on the experience of pain
Definition
physical
Term
Pain Dimensions:
effect of social and cultural backgrounds on the experience of pain
Definition
sociocultural
Term
Pain Dimensions:
concerns the quality of the pain and how severe the pain is perceived to be. This dimension includes the patient's perception of the pain's location, intensity, and quality.
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions:
This dimension includes the patient's perception of the pain and the body's reaction to the stimulus.
Definition
physical
Term
Pain Dimensions:
refers to the verbal and nonverbal behaviors that the patient demonstrates in response to pain.
Definition
behavioral
Term
Pain Dimensions:
concerns feelings, sentiments, and emotions related to the pain experience.
Definition
affective
Term
Pain Dimensions:
concerns the influences of the patient's social context and cultural background
Definition
sociocultural
Term
Pain Dimensions:
concerns "beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and motivations related to the pain and its management"
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions:
refers to the meaning and purpose that the person "attributes to the pain, self, others, and the divine"
Definition
spiritual
Term
Pain Dimensions: Where is the pain located?
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions: What surgeries or other medical procedures have you had?
Definition
physical
Term
Pain Dimensions: How do you manage your pain at home?
Definition
sociocultural
Term
Pain Dimensions: How effective is the pain relief treatment you're currently getting?
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions: What does the pain feel like?
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions: How would you rate the pain on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain you've ever had?
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions: What conditions brought you to the hospital or doctor's office in the past?
Definition
physical
Term
Pain Dimensions: How would you describe the support you receive from friends and loved ones?
Definition
spiritual
Term
Pain Dimensions: What's the highest level of education you've completed?
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions: What medical conditions do you have?
Definition
physical
Term
Pain Dimensions: When did the pain begin?
Definition
sensory
Term
Pain Dimensions: What do you think is causing your pain?
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions: How does the pain affect your personal relationships?
Definition
affective
Term
Pain Dimensions: What do you think will relieve it?
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions: How does the pain affect your social activities and interactions?
Definition
affective
Term
Pain Dimensions: What do you do for a living?
Definition
cognitive
Term
Pain Dimensions: How does the pain affect your daily life and activities?
Definition
affective
Term
3 Classifications of Pain (duration and etiology classified together)
Definition
Acute pain
Chronic Nonmalignant pain
Cancer pain
Term
3 Classifications of Pain (duration and etiology classified together):

usually associated with a recent, sudden injury or sometimes surgery
Definition
acute pain
Term
3 Classifications of Pain (duration and etiology classified together):

usually associated with a specific cause or injury and described as a constant pain that persists for more than 6 months
Definition
chronic nonmalignant pain
Term
3 Classifications of Pain (duration and etiology classified together):

often due to the compression of peripheral nerves or meninges or from the damage to these structures following surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or tumor growth and infiltration
Definition
cancer pain
Term
Pain Location Classifications:
Definition
Cutaneous pain
Visceral pain
Deep Somatic pain
Term
Pain Location Classifications: skin or subcutaneous tissue
Definition
cutaneous pain
Term
Pain Location Classifications: abdominal cavity, thorax, cranium
Definition
visceral pain
Term
Pain Location Classifications: ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves
Definition
deep somatic pain
Term
Term for pain perceived both at the source and extending to other tissues.
Definition
radiating pain
Term
Term for pain perceived in body areas away from the pain source.
Definition
referred pain
Term
This type of pain causes an abnormal processing of pain messages and results from past damage to peripheral or central nerves due to sustained neurochemical levels, but exact mechanisms for the perception of this type of pain are unclear.
Definition
neuropathic pain
Term
This pain is defined by its high resistance to pain relief.
Definition
intractable pain
Term
What type of pain is sciatica?
Definition
neuropathic pain
Term
COLDSPA
Definition
Character
Onset
Location
Duration
Severity
Pattern
Associated factors/How it Affects the client
Term
COLDSPA: Character
Definition
Describe the sign or symptom (feeling, appearance, sound, smell, or taste if applicable).
Term
COLDSPA: Onset
Definition
When did it begin?
Term
COLDSPA: Location
Definition
Where is it? Does it radiate? Does it occur anywhere else?
Term
COLDSPA: Duration
Definition
How long does it last? Does it recur?
Term
COLDSPA: Severity
Definition
How bad is it? How much does it bother you?
Term
COLDSPA: Pattern
Definition
What makes it better or worse?
Term
COLDSPA: Associated factors / how it Affects the client
Definition
What other symptoms occur with it? How does it affect you?
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"It has been ongoing since last night around 3 AM and is getting worse."
Definition
Duration
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"It started in the middle of my stomach and now it is worse on my right side. It does not hurt anywhere else."
Definition
Location
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"It hurts to walk or even move. I would rate it 8 on a scale of 10 (with 10 being the worst)."
Definition
Severity
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"I feel nauseated and like I may vomit. I cannot do anything except stay still or it gets worse."
Definition
Associated factos / how it Affects the client
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"It hurts constantly and gets worse if I move."
Definition
Pattern
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"Late last night."
Definition
Onset
Term
COLDSPA Cliet Response Example:
"My right lower side hurts. It is a steady aching that is getting worse."
Definition
Character
Term
3 Nursing Diagnoses
Definition
1. Wellness Diagnoses ("Readiness for...)
2. Risk Diagnoses ("Risk for...)
3. Actual Diagnoses
Term
The Nursing Process
Definition
ADPIE (assessment, diagnoses, planning, implementation, evaluation)
Term
Mental Status:
Immediate Memory: Some questions to ask the patient are...
Definition
Where are we now? What building are we in? You say a number and have the patient repeat it back to you in a few minutes.
Term
Mental Status:
Recent Memory: Some questions to ask the patient are...
Definition
What did you have to eat today? What is the weather like today? Who is the President of the United States?
Term
Mental Status:
Remote Memory: Some questions to ask the patient are...
Definition
When is your birthday? When did you get your first job?
Term
[image]
Definition
SIMS' position
Term
[image]
Definition
dorsal recumbent
Term
What is the bell used for on a stethoscope?
Definition
to detect low-pitched sounds. Hold the bell lightly against the body.
Term
What is the diaphragm used for on a stethoscope?
Definition
to detect high-pitched sounds. Hold the diaphragm firmly against the body.
Term
On a stethoscope, how long should the rubber or plastic tubing be?
Definition
no longer than 12"(textbook).
no longer than 18"/12-18" is a good length (Professor Gray).
Term
The Five Vital Signs
Definition
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood Pressure
Pain
Term
What is blood pressure a measurement of?
Definition
Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the ventricles are contracted (systolic blood pressure) and when the ventricles are relaxed (diastolic blood pressure).
Term
Categories for Blood Pressure: Normal
Definition
<120 / <80
Term
Categories for Blood Pressure: Prehypertension
Definition
120-139 / 80-89
Term
Categories for Blood Pressure: Stage 1 Hypertension
Definition
140-159 / 90-99
Term
Categories for Blood Pressure: Stage 2 Hypertension
Definition
>159 / >99
Term
Body Mass Index (BMI) may not accurately reflect body fat in adults who are shorter than...
Definition
5'
Term
Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by...
Definition
Weight in kg divided by height in meters squared or weight in lbs divided by height in inches squared times 703.
Term
BMI: underweight
Definition
< 18.5
Term
BMI: healthy weight range
Definition
18.5 - 24.9
Term
BMI: overweight range
Definition
25 - 29.9
Term
BMI: obese
Definition
> 30
Term
BMI: extreme obesity
Definition
> 40
Term
The maximum waist circumference for women is...
Definition
35"
Term
The maximum waist circumference for men is...
Definition
40"
Term
The outer layer of the skin is called the...
Definition
epidermis.
Term
The inner layer of the skin is called the...
Definition
dermis.
Term
Sebaceous glands develop from hair follicles and, therefore, are present over most of the body, exluding...
Definition
the soles and palms.
Term
Sebaceous glands secrete...
Definition
an oily substance called sebum that lubricates hair and skin and reduces water loss through the skin. Sebum also has some fungicidal and bactericidal effects.
Term
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Definition
eccrine glands and apocrine glands
Term
What layer of skin are sebaceous glands and sweat glands found in?
Definition
the dermis
Term
Eccrine glands are located...
Definition
over the entire skin surface.
Term
Eccrine glands secrete...
Definition
an odorless, colorless fluid, the evaporation of which is vital to the regulation of body temperature.
Term
The apocrine glands are concentrated in which locations on the body...
Definition
the axillae, perineum, and areolae of the breast and are usually open through a hair follicle.
Term
Apocrine glands secrete...
Definition
a milky sweat, the interaction of which with skin bacteria produces a characteristic body odor.
Term
Which glands found in the dermis are dormant until puberty, at which time they become active?
Definition
apocrine glands
Term
Which glands found in the dermis are linked with the menstrual cycle?
Definition
apocrine glands
Term
What is the largest organ in the body?
Definition
the skin
Term
What is your first line of defense against bacteria?
Definition
Your skin.
Term
There are two general types of hair:
Definition
vellus and terminal.
Term
What does vellus hair look like?
Definition
short, pale, and fine
Term
Where is vellus hair present?
Definition
over much of the body
Term
What does terminal hair look like?
Definition
longer, generally darker, and coarser than vellus hair
Term
Where is terminal hair present?
Definition
particularly scalp and eyebrows. Puberty initiates the growth of terminal hair in the axillae, perineum, and legs.
Term
What is onychomycosis?
Definition
a very common fungal infection of the nails, also called tinea unguium, resulting in yellowing, thickening, roughness, and splitting of nails, usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes
Term
Capillary refill should be equal to or less than how many seconds?
Definition
3 seconds
Term
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of...
Definition
the saturation of a patient's hemoglobin.
Term
What is a normal pulse oximeter reading?
Definition
< 95% saturation
Term
What is the normal degree angle between the nail base and the skin?
Definition
160 degrees
Term
transverse depressions/horizontal lines/ripples in nails that follow an illness and grow out with nails
Definition
Beau's Lines
Term
Spoon nails are nails that...
Definition
curve up at the end and may indicate iron deficiency
Term
Pitting (small pits in nail plates) may accompany which condition?
Definition
psoriasis
Term
Two possible causes of fingernails clubbing:
Definition
chronic hypoxia and lung cancer
Term
Inflammation of proximal and lateral nail folds, acute or chronic. Folds red, swollen, may be tender.
Definition
paronychia
Term
painless separation of nail plate from nail bed, starting distally. many causes.
Definition
onycholysis
Term
whitish with a distal band of reddish brown. seen in aging and some chronic diseases
Definition
Terry's Nails
Term
white spots caused by trauma that grow out with nail(s)
Definition
leukonychia
Term
curved white lines similar to curve of lunula that follow an illness and grow out with nails
Definition
transverse white lines
Term
3 types of skin cancer
Definition
Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Term
The most dangerous type of or serious skin cancer is...
Definition
malignant melanoma.
Term
There are no precursor lesions for which type of skin cancer?
Definition
BCC (Basil Cell Carcinoma)
Term
Which is the only form of vitamin D the body can use?
Definition
D3 - cholecalciferol
Term
The skin cancer mnemonic ABCDE stands for...
Definition
Asymmetry,
Borders (that are irregular--uneven or notched),
Color variations (red, brown, black, and especially blue--anything blue is almost always malignant),
Diameter exceeding 1/4 inch (bigger than a pencil eraser needs to get checked out),
Elevated
Term
Skin Cancer: _____ cells are the easiest to deal with. They usually occur on the face, ears, and neck, where thers's great sun exposure. They look like they have a curly ring with an indented center.
Definition
Basil cells
Term
Skin Cancer: ________ cell is the tissue underneath and if it appears red and flakey it needs to be checked out.
Definition
Squamous cells
Term
[image]
Definition
Beau's Lines (acute illness)
Term
[image]
Definition
Spoon Nails (from deficiency anemia)
Term
[image]
Definition
Pitting (psoriasis)
Term
[image]
Definition
Paronychia (local infection)
Term
Stretch marks are called...
Definition
straiae
Term
Freckles are called...
Definition
macules
Term
small raised spots (1-5 mm wide) typically seen with aging
Definition
cherry angiomas (in excess may indicate liver dysfunction have LFT done)
Term
A single mole is called a...
plural is...
Definition
nevus (plural, nevi)
Term
Abnormal hair loss is called...
Definition
alopecia
Term
Alopecia can be related to...
Definition
fungus like ring worm and diet (starving people).
Term
Pressure Ulcer Stage:
Full-thickness tissue loss (not superficial erosion). It goes into subcutaneous fat/subcutaneous fat may be visible (depth varies by anatomical position). Slough may be present. The end of this stage may include undermining and tunneling.
Definition
Stage III pressure ulcer
Term
Pressure Ulcer Stage:
Full-thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green, or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown, or black) in the wound bed. Until enough slough and/or eschar is removed to expose the base of the wound, the true depth, and therefore stage, cannot be determined. Stable (dry, adherent, intact without erythema or fluctuance) eschar on the heels serves as a natural biological cover and should not be removed.
Definition
unstageable pressure ulcer
Term
Pressure Ulcer Stage:
Intact skin with nonblanchable redness (when you put your thumb or hand against it, it doesn't turn white) or a localized area usually over a bony prominence.
Definition
Stage I pressure ulcer
Term
Pressure Ulcer Stage:
Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle (depth varies by anatomical position). Slough or eschar (a hard crust or scab) may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often includes undermining and tunneling.
Definition
Stage IV pressure ulcer
Term
Pressure Ulcer Stage:
Superficial skin erosion. Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open(break in skin) ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum-filled blister. Presents as a shiny or dry shallow ulcer without slough or bruising; bruising indicates suspected deep tissue injury.
Definition
Stage II pressure ulcer. This stage should not be used to describe skin tears, tape burns, perineal dermatitis, maceration, or excoriation (stripped off or removed skin).
Term
decubitis
Definition
any position assumed by a patient when lying in bed
Term
slough
Definition
granular macerated wet tissue like there's been water on it too long
Term
erythema [er-uh-THEE-muh]
Definition
abnormal redness of the skin
Term
eschar [ES-kahr]
Definition
a hard crust or scab
Term
Primary Skin Lesion:
Flat, non-palpable skin color change (skin color may be brown, white, tan, purple, red). E.g. freckles, flat moles, petechiae, rubella, vitiligo, port wine stains, ecchymosis
Definition
macule = < 1 cm
patch = > 1 cm
Term
Primary Skin Lesion:
Elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid. E.g. herpes simplex/zoster, varicella (chickenpox), poison ivy, second degree burn.
Definition
vesicle = < .5 cm
bulla = > .5 cm (e.g. large blisters)
Term
Primary Skin Lesion:
Elevated mass with transient borders. Often irregular. Size and color vary. Caused by movement of serous fluid into the dermis. Does not contain free fluid in a cavity (eg, vesicle). Examples: urticaria (hives or skin-colored wheals), insect bites. May see someone when somone has a reaction to a transfusion or kids have a reaction to a food
Definition
wheal
Term
Primary Skin Lesion:
Pus-filled vesicle or bulla. Examples: acne, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncles.
Definition
Pustule
Term
Primary Skin Lesion:
Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis. Examples: sabaceous ____ or epidermoid ____. A hollow along the skin that fills up with fluid.
Definition
cyst
Term
Secondary Skin Lesion:
scar - replacement of injured tissue with connective tissue. Young scars are red or purple. Mature scars are white or glistening.
Definition
cicatrix
Term
Vascular Skin Lesions:
a bruise - round or irregular macular lesion. Color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues.
Definition
ecchymosis (plural, ecchymoses)(ecchymotic)
Term
Vascular Skin Lesion:
A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis.
Definition
hematoma
Term
Vascular Skin Lesion:
Papular and round. Red or purple. Noted on trunk, extremities. May blanch with pressure. Normal age-related skin alteration. Usually not clinically significant.
Definition
cherry angioma
Term
[image]
Definition
basal cell carcinoma
Term
[image]
Definition
bulla
Term
[image]
Definition
clockwise: peroneal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
Term
[image]
Definition
cyst
Term
[image]
Definition
wheal
Term
[image]
Definition
hematoma
Term
[image]
Definition
dorsalis pedis pulse
Term
[image]
Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma
Term
[image]
Definition
posterior tibial pulse
Term
[image]
Definition
squamous cell carcinoma
Term
[image]
Definition
Stage II Pressure Ulcer
Term
[image]
Definition
Stage IV Pressure Ulcer
Term
[image]
Definition
Stage I Pressure Ulcer
Term
[image]
Definition
Stage III Pressure Ulcer
Term
[image]
Definition
vitiligo
Term
[image]
Definition
vesicle
Term
a blood clot in a deep leg vein. These clots can develop in the lower leg or the thigh. The thigh is the more serious area for clots because these are more likely to travel to the lung.
Definition
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Term
Risk Factors for DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
Definition
Smoking, Sitting in one position for long periods, Pregnancy, Hormone therapy (e.g. post menopausal hormone therapy), IV (intravenous catheter),
Surgery, Orthropedic injuries
Term
[image]
Definition
Venous Insufficiency Ulcer
Term
[image]
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Pulses: diminished or absent
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Leg Edema: minimal unless extremity kept in dependent position constantly to relieve pain
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Depth of Ulcer: deep, often involving joint space
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
frequently associated with dermatitis (cellulitis)
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
may be reddish-blue in color
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Shape: irregular border
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Leg Edema: moderate to severe
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
cool to cold temperature
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Location: tips of toes, toe webs, heel or other pressure areas if confined to bed
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Ulcer Base: pale black to dry and gangrene
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Pulses: present, but may be difficult to palpate through edema
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Location: medial malleolus or anterior tibial area
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Pain: if superficial, minimal pain; but may be very painful
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Shape: circular
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Depth of Ulcer: superficial
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Ulcer Base: granulation tissue-beefy red to yellow fibrinous in chronic long-term ulcer
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
Pain: very painful, especially if the leg is elevated
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
no good capillary refill in the toes
Definition
Arterial Insufficiency
Term
Arterial or Venous Insufficiency?
usually fair capillary refill, but a little slow
Definition
Venous Insufficiency
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