Term
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Definition
| stroke volume x heart rate; normal resting CO is 4-6 L/min |
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Term
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Definition
| severe midsternal pain, pt clenches fist over chest, often seen in men |
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Term
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Definition
| severe unexplained fatigue, trouble sleeping, SOB, levines in < 30% |
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Term
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Definition
| SA node: pacemaker, AV node: conducts impulse down L and R bundle and causes ventricles to contract, bundle of his (LBB, RBB); eletrical events precede mechanical events |
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Term
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Definition
| heart pumps to periphery, short (1/3 of cardiac cycle), semilunar valves open (AV valves closed so blood won't back up) --> blood pumped from ventricles to pulmonary and systemic circulation; S1 to S2 |
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Term
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Definition
| longer because it takes longer for blood to fill ventricles (2/3 cardiac cycle), semilunar valves close (aortic and pulmonary) --> AV valves open (mitral and tricuspid) --> ventricles fill with blood; S2 to S1 |
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Term
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Definition
| heard better during inspiration, engorged with blood and closer contact with chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| heard better on expiration; volume of lung tissue confining the apex is smaller, left chambers are closer to chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| valve closure; can always hear |
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Term
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Definition
| blood movement within heart (also murmurs); don't always hear |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle contraction (extra kick at end of distole) |
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Term
| Which direction does sound trael |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 ICS RSB (because blood goes out to periphery) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tricuspid auscultory site |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| result of real forceful contraction of heart against chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| palpable vibration because of turbulent blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mitral and tricuspid closure, high pitched, louder at apex, corresponds to carotid pulse |
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Term
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Definition
| normal but rare; hear mitral closing right before tricuspid |
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Term
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Definition
| aortic and pulmonic closure, high pitched, louder at BASE |
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Term
| physiological splitting of S2 |
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Definition
| normal: both components of S2 (aortic and pulmonic) heard during inspiration when auscultating the pulmonic area |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal: throughout inspiration and expiration, atrial septal defect |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal: heard on expiration, left bundle branch block (LBBB) |
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Term
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Definition
| sound of blood hitting the ventricular wall, low pitched sound heard with the bell over T to M areas in early diastole, normal in children and young adults |
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Term
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Definition
| after age 35; called ventricular gallop rhythm, S3 gallop, or pathologic S3 |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial muscle contraction, low pitched sound heard with the bell over T to M areas |
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Term
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Definition
| well trained athletes and people over age 50 |
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Term
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Definition
| people who aren't well conditioned, under age 50; called pathologic S4, atrial gallop, or S4 gallop |
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Term
| Heart sound loudness is decreased by... |
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Definition
| decreased force of contraction, increased thickness of chest wall, increased air in chest cavity, increased fluid around the heart, electrical problems |
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Term
| how does liquid conduct heart sounds? |
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Definition
| increases audibilty, but large amounts will decrease |
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Term
| how does bone conduct heart sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| how does muscle, fat and air conduct heart sounds |
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Definition
| large amounts will interfere |
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Term
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Definition
| blood, swooshing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow in heart or greater vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| increased flow through a normal or abnormal valve, forward flow through a stenotic valve, backward flow through an incompetent valve, flow through a septal defect or A-V fistula |
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Term
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Definition
| systolic, short, soft, S1 and S2, ECG and chest x-ray, isolated finding |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with physiological alterations (ex: anemia, pregnancy, increased blood volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| always caused by structural abnormalities of heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| due to turbulence of blood flow in the jugular venous system; continuous, low-pitched, soft hum, heard throughout cardiac cycle (loudest in diastole), listen in right subclavicular fossa (medial third of clavical), normal in children |
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Term
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Definition
| ALWAYS auscultate one minute, located at M site or at apical impulse if heart is enlarged; note rate, rhythm, and regularity |
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Term
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Definition
| normal finding, pulse: increase with inspiration, decrease with expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| checks patency of radial and ulnar arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. occlude both arteries in one hand 2. client pumps hand 3. release pressure on radial artery and check color return to hand 4. repeat steps 1 and 2 5. release pressure on ulnar artery and check speed of color return |
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Term
| Check for apical/radial defecit |
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Definition
1. one examiner checks apical and one checks radial for same one minute
2. compare rates and check for A/R defecit --> A should be higher (if not, it signals weak ventricular contractions) |
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Term
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Definition
| systolic: 10-40 mmHg higher than brachial; diastolic: same |
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Term
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Definition
| systolic: 7 mmHg lower than brachial; diastolic: 14 mmHg higher than brachial |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease of 20 mmHg in systolic is significant |
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Term
| signs of arterial insufficiency |
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Definition
| pain following exertion, ischemic rest pain, pallor, cool temperature, changes in skin hair and nails, parasthesias (sensations in absence of stim), diminished or absent pulses, no edema |
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Term
| Intermittent claudication |
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Definition
| leg pain; claudation distance: number of blocks walked or stiars climbed to produce pain |
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Term
| What changes occur in the hair, skin, and nails with arterial insufficiency |
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Definition
| thin fragile skin, hair loss on lower extremeties, tickend clawlike toenails, ulcers on lateral malleoli and tips of toes |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of arterial disease; 1. systolic ankle pressure divided by systolic brachial pressure 2. normal ankle pressure is slightly higher or equal to brachial 3. 0.9 or 90% less = PVD |
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Term
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Definition
| pain in claf and popliteal area on passive dorsiflexion of foot, suggestive of DVT |
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Term
| signs of venous insifficiency |
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Definition
| pain (aching, tiredness), pulses present but difficult to palpate, skin coarse thick and brown discoloration, edema present (increased BP), ulcers at medial malleolus |
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Term
| left ventricle auscultation site |
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Definition
| apex of heart (lower left side) |
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Term
| mitral valve auscultation site |
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Definition
| apex (lower left side above left ventricular auscultation site) |
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Term
| pulmonic valve auscultation site |
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Definition
| top of heart, toward left |
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Term
| tricuspid valve auscultation site |
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Definition
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Term
| Aortic valve auscultation site |
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Definition
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