Term
| Which cranial nerve is involved with the ear? |
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Definition
| 8 (vestibular cochlear/ acoustic) |
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Term
| What is the abbreviation for both ears? left ear? right ear? what do they stand for? |
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Definition
| AU (aureus unitas), AS (aureus sinestra), AD (aureus dextra) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infection of the external ear (pushing on the tragus is painful) |
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Term
| What are the parts of the external ear? |
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Definition
| helix, antihelix, tragus, lobule, mastoid process |
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Term
| What structures are in the middle ear? |
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Definition
| TM and ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) |
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Term
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Definition
| tympanic membrane (ear drum); separates the external and middle ear; conducts sound and decreases amplitude and pressures (stabilizes pressures within head with outside) |
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Term
| What is the eustachain tube? |
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Definition
| drain down into nasopharynx; infants is horizontal and adults slopes |
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Term
| Why do children get more ear infections than adults? |
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Definition
| their eustachian tubes are horizontal so when they swallow they can get fluid in the tubes |
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Term
| What are structures of the inner ear? |
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Definition
| vestibular apparatus(balance) and cochlea (hearing) |
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Term
| What are the pathways of hearing? |
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Definition
| sound is transmitted by air and bone (bones of our skull can vibrate and transfer waves directly to our inner ear) |
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Term
| air conduction/ bone conduction ratio |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of external or middle ear impairs conduction of sound to inner ear (ossicles can't conduct sound) |
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Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| disorder of the inner ear, cranial nerve or its central connections impairs the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| combo of conductive and sensorineural |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS disorder (ex: brain tumor) |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging and by ototoxic drugs (strong antibiotics can cause hearing loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual hardening of the foot plate of stapes to oval window, impedes sound transmission, starts at age 20-40 |
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Term
| What is the goal of the otoscopic exam? |
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Definition
| safety and max visualization (into middle ear) |
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Term
| What is the size of the ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should you check for tenderness> |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the ear wax of different cultures |
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Definition
| asians and native americans = dry; whites and blacks = wet |
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Term
| What are the landmarks of the TM? |
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Definition
| light reflex, handle of malleus, umbo (end of malleus), short process, pars tensa, pars flaccida, annulus |
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Term
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Definition
| looks like the TM is stretched tight |
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Term
| What are the normal colors of the TM? |
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Definition
| pearly pray, shiny, translucent |
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Term
| What are the abnormal colors of the TM and what do they mean? |
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Definition
| red (acute otitis media), serous yellow tinge (serous otitis media- ongoing), fluid level or air bubbles (serous otitis media) |
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Term
| What is the normal positioning of the TM? |
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Definition
| flat, slightly pulled in at the center and flutters with insufflation |
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Term
| What is abnormal position of the TM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when there is scarring of the TM? |
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Definition
| not as good of vibration so you can't hear as well |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the middle ear (acute: red bulging TM) |
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Term
| What are hearing acuity/screening tests? |
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Definition
| observation, whispered voice test, watch tick test, finger tip rub, hearing screening, tuning fork tests (weber and rinne) |
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Term
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Definition
| person 5 feet from you, say "say the word..." with hand over mouth (normal= get all right, abnormal= miss 3 words) |
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Term
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Definition
| measures through bone conduction; normal: heard in both ears equally; abnormal: unilateral conduction defecit (sound is heard best in affected ear), sensorineural loss (sound lateralizes to unaffected ear) |
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Term
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Definition
| normal: AC>BC (positive Rinne); abnormal: AC=BC or ACBC but diminished overall (sensorineural loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| whisper 3 or 4 words (unrelated) while the person pushes on opposite ear |
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Term
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Definition
| put watch behind person's ear and record distance they can hear it tick at |
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Term
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Definition
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