Term
|
Definition
bony structure with a conical shape, which is narower at the top
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional units of the lung, the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manubriosternal angel, the articulation of the manubrium and body of sternum, continous with the second rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrubken, deflated section of alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow breathing < 10 breaths per minute, regular rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spoke voice sound hear through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muddlef, and indistinct over normal lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration |
|
|
Term
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate (pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (rales), abnormal, adventitous lung sounds on inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coarse, crackling sensation that can be palpable when air abnormnally escapes from the lungs to subcutaneous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passageways that transport air but are not available for gas exchange (trachea and bronchi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty, labored breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the voice of "eeeeeee" heard through the stethoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| COPD disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| course, grating, adventituous lung sound hear when the pleurae are inflamed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (hypercabia) increased levels of co2 in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased rate annd depth of breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased level of o2 in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to breathe easily only in an upright position |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
|
Definition
| sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low-pitched, muscle, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid, shallow breathing > 24 breaths per minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the soft, low-pitched normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air following maximal inspiration that can be exhaled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high pitched, muscle, squeaking adventitious lung sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a whispered phrase heard through the stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the floor of thoracic cage and sepates the thoracic cavity from abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin, slippery serious membraned that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall |
|
|
Term
| four major functions of respiratory system |
|
Definition
1) supplying o2 to the body for energy production
2) removed CO2 as a waste product of energy reactions
3) maintains homeostasis (acid-base balace) of arteriial blood
4) maintains heat exchange (less important to humans) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this causes co2 to build up in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes carbon dioxide to blow off |
|
|
Term
| brainstem (pons and medulla) |
|
Definition
| involuntary control of respirations is mediated by the respiratory center in the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when air fills in with inspiration there is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced inspiration after a heavy excercise or distress the ______muscles are used (accessory muscles), which are the sternomastoids, scaleni, and traspezii |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid substance needed for sustained unflation of the air sacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the pregnant woman the enlarging uternus ______the diaphragm ___cm during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because the fetus is increasing oxygen demand, it can be easily met by increasing______with deep breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the aging lung is more _________that it's harder to inflate |
|
|
Term
| respiratory muscle strength |
|
Definition
| the in the aging adult, after 50 years old this declines and continues to decrease in the 70's |
|
|
Term
| gain inhalation, pesticide inhalation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People in the rural midwest have a risk for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mexico and southwest have a risk for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coal miners are at risk for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stone cutters, miners, and potters have a risk for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which gas produces these symptoms: dizziness, fatique, and headaches? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which gas produces these symptoms: cough and congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how many uncomplicated upper respiratory infections per year is expected during early childhood? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these type of people are at risk for respiratory dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| rib fracture or muscle injury |
|
Definition
| if there is a precisely localized pain, considered that it may be a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the anteroposterior diameter should be _____than the transverse diameter (1:2 to 5:7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this is when the AP = transverse diameter, costal angle is > 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people with COPD often sit in a _____________position, leaning forward with arms braced against their knees, chair, or bed, to help aid in expiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between the scapulae fremitus may feel stronger in the ________ side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when anything obstructs transmissions of vibration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs with compression or consilidation of lung tissue (lobar pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpable with thick bronchial secretions |
|
|
Term
| Pleural friction fremitus |
|
Definition
| palpable with inflammation of the pleura and has a grating sensation with breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present (emphysema or pneumothorax) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this is a soft and muffled thud that signals abnormal density in the lungs (pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diaphragmatic excursion should be measured from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a high pitched and loud sound, inspiration < expiration, the quality harsh and hollow tubular, and it's found in the trachea and larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has a moderate pitch and amplitude, inspiration = expiration, mixed quality, and its found over major bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low pitch soft sound, inspiration > expiration, the quality is rustling (wind in trees), found over peripheral over terminal bronchi |
|
|
Term
| obstructed bronchial tree from secretions, emphysema, obstruction transmission (pleurisy or pleural thickening) |
|
Definition
There can be decreased breath sounds or absent breath sounds where there is:
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very loud, high pitched, long with expiration, when there's consolidation (pneumonia) or compression (fluid in intrapleural space) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what do you use when there is acute airway obstruction and massive atelectasis (abnormal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
this type of breathing occurs with severe asthma and chronic bronchitis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when there is an unequal chest expansion there may be part of the lung that is ________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if there are any lumps found in the breast tissue, refer man to a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced expiratory volume that is normal is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There is mild obstruction of airflow when the FCV is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moderate obstruction of FCV is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe obstruction of FVC is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| safer, simple, inexpensive, clinical measure pf functional status for aging adult. They have a pulse ox on and may slow or stop at anytime. |
|
|
Term
| below 85-88% of if there are extreme breathlessness |
|
Definition
| You want to ask the person to stop the walk if their pulse ox measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this occurs in some children and is a horizontal groove n the rib cage at the level of insertion off the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they have a rounded thorax (AP=transcerse dia.) chest cirumference is 30-36 cm, their chest wall skin is thin, so ribs and xiphoid process are prominent, and the chest wall is soft and flexible, sometimes their breasts may look enlarge on third day from maternal estrogen, sometimes their white fluid that goes away in a week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used for newborns respiratory assessment scored at 1 to 5 minutes.
for 1 minute it is normal when score is 7-10 |
|
|
Term
| moderately depressed newborn |
|
Definition
| 1 minute apgar score with 3-6 is a ______ that needs resuscitation and close observation |
|
|
Term
| full resuscitation, ventilatory assistance, and subsequent intensive care |
|
Definition
| 1 minute apgar score with 0-2 newborn is severely depressed and needs a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infant breathes through the __until 3 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creakcles in the _______lung field occur with cytosic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
crackles in the _____lung it occurs with heart failure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infant with tachypnea of 50+100 per minuted may have an early sign for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| their chest cage commonly shows an increased anteroposterior diameter, giving a round barrel shape with khphosis, there are marked bony prominences because of decrease in subcutaneous fat, chest expansion may decrease (symmetric), and cartilages become calcified (less mobile_) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if aging adult feel faint, ______the breath for a few seconds will restore equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high pitched inspiratory crowing sound hear without the stethscope occuring with upper airway obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has persistent peristaltic sounds with diminished breath sounds on the same side may indicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| markedley sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages( funny breast) and is the depression at the 2nd intercostal space is more noticeable on inspiration; congenital and usually not symptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protrusion of the sternum , with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depression along costochondrol junctions (pigeon breast), less common, and required no treatment |
|
|
Term
| fever, fear, and excercise |
|
Definition
| with tachypnea it's normal when there is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate__________ for penumonia, alkalosis, pleurisy, and lesions in the pons |
|
|
Term
| drug-induced depression of the respiratory center in the medulla, increased intercranial pressure, and diabetic coma |
|
Definition
| with bradypnea, its occurs in |
|
|
Term
| irregular; naroctics and anesthetics |
|
Definition
| hypoventilation occurs when there is a _________shallow pattern caused by overdose of _______________. May also occur in prolonged bedrest or conscious splinting of the chest to avoid pain |
|
|
Term
| Cheyne-stokes respiration |
|
Definition
| cycle of respirations that gradullay wax and wane in a regular patter: increasing rate and depth and then increasing. Breathing last 30 to 45 seconds with apnea fo 20 seconds and it occurs normally in infants and aging persons during sleep |
|
|
Term
| severe heart failure, renal failure, meningitis, drug overdose, and increased intracranial pressure |
|
Definition
| the most common cause for cheyenne's stokes respiration is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to cheyenne's respiration except irregular, there will be series of normal respirations (about 3 or 4) and is followed by a period of apnea and cycle is variable ( 10 sec to 1 min) |
|
|
Term
| head trauma, brain abcess, heat stroke, spinal meningitis, and encephalitis |
|
Definition
| Biots respirations occur with |
|
|
