Term
| Facial muscles are innervated by cranial nerve ___ and ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major facial landmarks are the : |
|
Definition
| palpebral fissures and the nasolabial folds |
|
|
Term
| Horizontal mobility of the neck is greatest between cervical vertebrae ___ to ___ or ___ and ___ in adults. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When identifying landmarks of the neck the anterior triangle is formed by the _____border of the ______ muscle, the ______, and the ______. |
|
Definition
| medial, sternocleidomastoid, mandible, midline. |
|
|
Term
| When identifying landmarks during a neck examination the posterior triangle is formed by the _____ and ______muscles and the ______. |
|
Definition
| trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, clavicle |
|
|
Term
| The posterior triangle contains the ____ _____ lymph nodes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ _____ artery and the ____ _____ vein lie deep and run parallel to the sternocleidomastoid muscle along its medial margin. |
|
Definition
| common carotid, internal jugular |
|
|
Term
| The ___ ____ vein crosses the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle diagonally. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thyroid gland produces 2 hormones: |
|
Definition
| Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) |
|
|
Term
T or F
A pyramidal lobe of the thyroid, extending upward from the isthmus slightly to the left of midline, is present in about one third of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In infants ___ cranial bondes are soft and seperated by the ___,____, and ____ sutures. |
|
Definition
| 7, sagittal, coronal, Lambdoidal |
|
|
Term
| The ____ and ____ are membranous spaces formed where 4 cranial bones meet and intersect. |
|
Definition
| Anterior and Posterior fontanels |
|
|
Term
| Ossification of the sutures begins after completion of brain growth at about __ years of age and is finished by _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior fontanel usually closes by ___ months and the anterior fontanel by ___ months. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
The male adolescent nose and thyroid cartilage slow in growth while facial hair begins to develop emerging first on the upper lip, then the cheeks, lower lip, and chin. |
|
Definition
False
The nose and thyroid cartilage enlarge and are accompanied by increase in facial hair during adolescence. |
|
|
Term
T or F
Thyroid enlargement may be seen during pregnancy in areas of iodine deficiency. |
|
Definition
True
As long as adequeate iodine intake is maintained between 225 and 375mcg per day the size of the thyroid will not change on physical exam. |
|
|
Term
| With aging what two thyroid changes take place: |
|
Definition
| T4 production and degradation decrease, the thyroid gland becomes more fibrotic. |
|
|
Term
T or F
firstborn are more likely to experience torticollis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A horizontal jerking or bobbing motion of the head may be associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nodding movement of the head may be associated with: |
|
Definition
| aortic insufficiency-especially if nodding is synchronized with the pulse |
|
|
Term
| Shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is often referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An expression or apperance of the face and features of the head and neck that, when considered together, is characteristic of a clinical condition or syndrome is referred to as a: |
|
Definition
| Facies-facies develop slowly and should not be considered a subtle diagnostic clue. |
|
|
Term
| Suspect _____ when the entire side of the face is affected. |
|
Definition
| facial nerve paralysis ex Bell's palsy or CN VII |
|
|
Term
| When assessing facial asymmetry if only the mouth is involved suspect a problem with the _____ nerve. Suspect ____ when the lower face is affected. |
|
Definition
| peripheral trigeminal, facial nerve weakness |
|
|
Term
| Moon shaped face with thin erythematous skin and a buffalo hump is characteristic of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal loss of eyebrows periorbital edema and prominant tongue with dull, puffy yellowed skin is characteristic of which condition: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Butterfly rash over malar surfaces and the bridge of the nose is seen with what condition: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coarsening of features with broadening of the nasal alae and prominence of the zygomatic arches is seen in : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pierre-robin sequence is a triad of: |
|
Definition
| micrognathia, glossoptosis, and palatal clefting |
|
|
Term
| Depressed nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, mongoloid slant of eyes, low set ears, and a large tongue are seen in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlarged skull with low forehead,corneal clouding and short neck are seen in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dialated scalp veins and bossing of the skull, as well as sclera visible above the iris are seen with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paresis of the upward gaze is often referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the most common cause of acquired mental retardation is: |
|
Definition
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome-characterized by poorly formed philtrum, whidespread eyes,with inner epicanthal folds and mild ptosis; hirsute forhead, short nose and relatively thin upper lip. |
|
|
Term
| Severe maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia is seen in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia with low set ears is seen in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maxillary hypoplasia, Micrognathia, and auricular deformity is seen in: |
|
Definition
| Treacher-Collins Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Spasmodic muscular contractions of the face, head, or neck: |
|
Definition
| Tics-may be associated with pressure on or degenerative changes in the facial nerves, a feature of tourette syndrome, or possible phychogenic in origin. |
|
|
Term
Coarse, dry, and brittle hair is seen in_____ whereas
Fine, silky hair is seen in_____ or may be familial in origin.
|
|
Definition
| hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Thickening, hardness, or tenderness over the arteries may be associated with temporal ______. |
|
Definition
| arteritis. A bruit is highly suggestive of a vascular anomally and can be associated with temporal arteritis. |
|
|
Term
An enlarged tender salivary gland suggests :
A discrete nodule of the salivary gland may represent: |
|
Definition
1. A viral or bacterial infection or ductal stone preventing saliva from exiting the gland.
2. A cyst or tumor, either benign or malignant. |
|
|
Term
| Webbing, excessive posterior cervical skin, or an unusually short neck may be associated with chromosomal anomalies like: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______ can be felt by pressing on the thyroid cartilage and displacing it to the patients left thereby increasing contact between the left bronchus and the aorta
Allowing systolic pulsations from the aorta to be felts at the surface if an aneurysm is present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is elicited by gentle grasping the cricoid cartilage and applying upward pressure while the patient stands with his or her chin extended upward. A downward tug of the trachea may be felt if an aneurysm is present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marked edema of the neck may be associated with ____ whereas a mass fillilng the base of the neck or visible thyroid tissue that glides upward when the patien swallows may indicate_____. |
|
Definition
1.local infection ex cervical lymphadenitis
2. enlarged thyroid |
|
|
Term
| Nuchal rigidity, resistance to flexion of the neck, may be associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teh estimation of thyroid size by lateral inspection is the most sensitive test for determining: |
|
Definition
| The pressence of a goiter |
|
|
Term
| When examining the a normal thyroid all of the following should be present: |
|
Definition
1. If felt it should be small smooth, and free of nodules, with a consistency that is firm yet pliable. Coarse tissue or a gritty sensation suggests an inflammatory process.
2. The gland should rise freely with swallowing
3. at its broadest dimensions it should be approximately 4cm with a right lobe that is often 25% larger than the left. An enlarged, tender thyroid may indicate thyroiditis. |
|
|
Term
| Subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head at delivery is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A subperiosteal collection of blood that is bound by the suture lines is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
Uterine positioning can cause some facial asymmetry in the newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ is a long, narrow head seen often with preterm infants. ____ is any skull asymmetry or a particularly flattened spot on the back or one side of the head which can result from premature fusion of one of the sutures (craniosynostosis)or from external deformation (positional plagiocephaly). |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephaly, Plagiocephaly |
|
|
Term
| Bossing (bulging of the skull) of the frontal areas of infants is associated with: |
|
Definition
| Prematurity, Thalassemia, and Rickets |
|
|
Term
In infants a cystic mass high in the neck may be a _________ or a ________. A mass over the clavicle, changing size with crying or respiration, suggests a _______. |
|
Definition
| thyroglossal duct cyst, brachial cleft cyst, cystic hygroma. |
|
|
Term
| A third fontanel called the ______, located between the anterior and posterior fontanels, may be an expected variant but is also common in infants with ______. |
|
Definition
| Mastoid Fontanel, Down's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| In infants younger than 6 months the anterior fontanel should not exceed: |
|
Definition
| 4-5cm and should get progressively smaller with age closing completely by 18-24 months. |
|
|
Term
| A bluging fontanel with pulsation may be indicative of: |
|
Definition
| Increased ICP from a space-occupying mass or meningitis. |
|
|
Term
| A snapping sensation, similar to the feeling on pressing a ping pong ball, while palpating an infants scalp is called a: |
|
Definition
| Craniotabe-associated wit prematurity, rickets, hydrocephalus, marasmus, syphilis, or thalassemia. |
|
|
Term
| Transillumination of the skull of infants resultingin a ring of greater than 2cm is indicative of: |
|
Definition
| excess fluid or decreased brain tissue in the skull and is most often used when there is a suspected intracranial lesion or a rapid increase in head circumference is noted. |
|
|
Term
| Macewen Sign via direct percussion of the skull with one finger is useful in determining: |
|
Definition
| the presence of hydrocephalus or a brain abscess |
|
|
Term
| After 16 weeks of pregnancy women often develop blochy, brownish, hyperpigmentation of the face often referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
The facies of older adults vary wit their nutritional status. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F
The presence of wt loss, tachycardia, and bruit over the thyroid are normal in pregnancy. |
|
Definition
| False they are highly suggestive of hyperthyroidism comfirmed with TSH and free T4 levels. |
|
|
Term
| With respect to salivary gland tumors _____ are most common with smooth ____ tumors and irregular ____ tumors. |
|
Definition
| Parotid, Benign, Malignant |
|
|
Term
| _____ are often tender with redness and swelling to the midline of the neck and often are associated with difficulty swallowing and breating. They move upward with tongue protrusion and swallowing and may have a small opeing in skin with drainage of mucus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Brachial Cleft Cysts are ____, _____ cysts in the lateral neck. They are a ____-____ cyst with or without a sinus tract to the overlying skin.
They are oval, moderately moveable smooth, nontender, fluctuant masses along the ______ boader of the sternocleidomastoid dmuscle that are usually ______. |
|
Definition
1. solitary, painless
2. epithelium-lined
3. anteriomedial boader
4. asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| ______ is associated with diffuse thyroid enlargement and often presents with exophthalmos and nonpitting edema (pretibial myxedema). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hashimoto Disease is more common in ____ and ____ between 30 and 50 years and is characterized by a enlarged nontender smooth thyroid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Encephalocele is a ______ with protrusion of the brain and membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. |
|
Definition
neural tube defect
This condition is often caused by a failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development and can have a genetic component occuring in families with a history of spina bifida and anencephaly. |
|
|
Term
| Circumference of the head that is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing is called: |
|
Definition
| Microcephaly-usually 2-3 standard deviations below mean for age. Multiple causes include congenital infections, and neuroanatomic abnormalities (cerbral dysgenesis or craniostenosis). |
|
|
Term
| Premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before brain growth is complete is called: |
|
Definition
Craniosynostosis-can lead to misshapen skull and causes skull growth that is restricted perpendicular to fused suture and cause increase in ICP.
Positional molding-Contralateral Occipital bossing and ipsilateral ear displaced anteriorly.
Unilateral lambdoid synostosis-parietal bossing, ipsilateral occipitomastoid bossing and ipsilateral ear displaced posteriorly (variable). |
|
|
