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Health Assessment Chap. 14
Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 5th Ed. Chapter 14: Eyes
129
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
12/18/2010

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Term
True disparity of the eye axes, constant malalignment
Definition
Strabismus (cross-eyed)
Term
Appearance of strabismus but normal for young child
Definition
Pseudostraabismus
Term
Inward turn of the eye caused due to strabismus
Definition
Esotropia
Term
Outward turning of the eyes due to strabismus
Definition
Exotropia
Term
Mild weakness of an eye, apparent only with the Cover Test
Definition
Phoria
Term
Nasal (inward) drift of the weak eye
Definition
Esophoria
Term
Temporal (outward) drift of the weak eye
Definition
Exophoria
Term
If eye will not return to Straight Nasal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Medial rectus, CN III
Term
If eye will not return to Up and Nasal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Inferior oblique, CN III
Term
If eye will not return to Up and Temporal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Superior rectus, CN III
Term
If eye will not return to Straight Temporal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Lateral rectus, CN VI
Term
If eye will not return to Down and Temporal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Inferior rectus, CN III
Term
If eye will not return to Down and Nasal, indicates paralysis in the ______________ or cranial nerve ____
Definition
Superior oblique, CN IV
Term
Lids are swollen and puffy.

Occurs with local infections, crying, congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidism
Definition
Periorbital Edema
Term
Forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissures (Protruding eyes)


Associated with thyrotoxicosis
Definition
Exophthalmos
Term
Occurs from neuromuscular weakness, oculomotor CN III damage, or sympathetic nerve damage.

Gives person sleepy appearance and impairs vision (Drooping upper lid)
Definition
Ptosis
Term
Though normal in many children, when combined with epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, annd Brushfield spots, indicates Down's syndrome
Definition
Upward Palpebral Slant
Term
Large spacing between the eyes
Definition
Hypertelorism
Term
Light-colored areas in outer iris
Definition
Brushfield spots
Term
Lower lid is loose and rolling out

Occurs in aging as a result of atrophy of elastic and fibrous tissues but may result from trauma
Definition
Ectropion
Term
Lower lid rolls in due to spasm of lids or scar tissue contracting
Definition
Entropion
Term
Red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted lid margins that occur with staphylococcal infection or seborrheic dematitis (inflammation of the eyelids)
Definition
Blepharitis
Term
Beady nodule protruding on the lid due to infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland
Definition
Chalazion
Term
Localized staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin (stye)
Definition
Hordeolum
Term
Infection and blockage of lacrimal sac and duct (inflammation of the lacrimal sac)
Definition
Dacryocystitis
Term
Looks like a papule with an ulcerated center, rolled-out pearly edges
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Term
Infection of the lacrimal gland

Occurs with mumps, measles, and infectious mononucleosis or trauma
Definition
Dacryoadenitis
Term
Unequal pupil size
Definition
Anisocoria
Term
Constricted and fixed pupils
Definition
Miosis
Term
No reaction to light, pupil does not constrict with accommodation
Definition
Argyll Robertson Pupil
Term
Unilateral dilated pupil with no reaction to light or accommodation, occurs with oculomotor nerve damage
Definition
CN III Damage
Term
When light is directed to blind eye, no response occurs in either eye
Definition
Monocular Blindness
Term
Dilated and fixed pupils
Definition
Mydriasis
Term
Sluggish pupil reaction to light and accommodation
Definition
Tonic pupil (Adie's pupil)
Term
Unilateral, small, regular pupil does not react to light and accommodation (lesion of the sympathetic nerve)
Definition
Horner's syndrome
Term
Central blind area
Definition
Macula
Term
Blind spot (scotoma) corresponding to particular area
Definition
Localized damage
Term
Decrease in peripheral vision
Definition
Increasing intraocular pressure
Term
Person has shadow or diminished vision in one quadrant or one half visual field
Definition
Retinal detachment
Term
One blind eye, or unilateral blindness
Definition
Lesion in globe or optic nerve
Term
Injury to crossing fibers only yields a loss of nasal part of each retina and a loss of both temporal visual fields
Definition
Lesion at optic chiasm
Term
Injury yields left nasal hemianopsia
Definition
Lesion of outer uncrossed fibers at optic chiasm
Term
Visual field loss in right nasal and left temporal fields
Definition
Lesion right optic tract or right optic radiation
Term
Infection of the conjuctiva, "pink eye", has red beefy-looking vessels at periphery but usually clearer around iris.

due to bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or chemical irritation
Definition
Conjuctivitis
Term
Red patch on the sclera
Definition
Subconjuctival Hemorrhage
Term
Deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea (Circumcorneal redness)
Definition
Iritis
Term
Circumcorneal redness around the iris with a dilated pupil

Occurs with sudden increase in intraocular pressure
Definition
Acute Glaucoma
Term
Triangular opaque wing of bulbar conjuctiva overgrows toward the center of the cornea
Definition
Pterygium
Term
Result of blunt eye injury, top layer of corneal epithelium removed, from scratches or poorly fitting or overworn contact lenses
Definition
Corneal Abrasion
Term
Blood in anterior chamber of the eye
Definition
Hyphema
Term
Purulent matter in anterior chamber
Definition
Hypopyon
Term
Opaque gray surrounded by black background formed in the center of lens nucleus

Through ophthalmoscope, looks like a black center against the red reflex
Definition
Nuclear Cataract (Central Gray Opacity)
Term
Asymmetrical, radial, white spokes with black center

Through ophthalmoscope, black spokes are evident againstt the red reflex
Definition
Cortical Cataracts (Star-Shaped Opacity)
Term
White or gray color of the disc as a result of partial or complete death of the optic nerve
Definition
Optic Atrophy (Disc Pallor)
Term
Physiologic cup enlarges to more than half of the disc diameter
Definition
Excessive Cup-Disc Ratio
Term
Venous stasis in the globe, showing redness, congestion, and elevation of the disc; blurred margins; hemorrhages; and absent venous pulsations
Definition
Papilledema (Choked Disc)
Term
Atriovenous crossing with interruption of the blood flow
Definition
Arteriovenous Crossing (Nicking)
Term
Generalized decrease in arterial diameter
Definition
Narrow (Attenuated) Arteries
Term
Localized narrowing in vein caused by arteriole crossing

Seen with: hypertension and arteriosclerosis
Definition
Vessel Nicking
Term
Round punctate red dots that are localized dilations of a small vessel
Definition
Microaneurysms
Term
Dot-shaped hemorrhages and are distinguishable by blurred irregular edges
Definition
Intraretinal Hemorrhages
Term
"Cotton wool" areas that look like fluffy gray-white cumulus clouds. They are arteriolar microinfarctions that envelop and obscure the vessels
Definition
Exudates
Term
Benign degenerative hyaline deposits, smaall, round, yellow dots

Are normal on retinal surface
Definition
Drusen
Term
Yellowish elevated nodules dur to thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva from prolonged exposure to sun, wind, and dust
Definition
Pingueculae
Term
Gray-white arc around the limbus due to deposition of lipid material
Definition
Arcus Senilis
Term
Soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the lids at the inner canthus

Occurs around fifth decade of life and more frequent in women
Definition
Xanthelasma
Term
Perform funduscopic examination of infant between ____ and ____ months of age
Definition
2 and 6 months
Term
An interruption in the red reflex indicates an ____________ in the cornea or lens
Definition
Opacity
Term
An absent red reflex occurs with ___________________ or ___________________
Definition
Congenital cataracts or Retinal disorders
Term
Brushfield's spots usually suggest ______________.
Definition
Down's Syndrome
Term
Absence of iris color occurs with ____________
Definition
Albinism
Term
Conjuctivitis of the newborn
Definition
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Term
Excess skinfold extending over the inner corner of the eye
Definition
Epicanthal fold
Term
Upper lids overlie the superior part of the iris
Definition
Setting-Sun sign
Term
_____________ test shows a series of polychromatic cards to test boys for color blindness
Definition
Ishihara's test
Term
______________ is an inherited excessive X-linked trait affecting about 8% of white males and 4% of black males
Definition
Color blindness
Term
At what age does vision of 20/50 or less in either eye become abnormal?
Definition
Age 3 years
Term
At what age does a vision of 20/40 or less in either eyes become abnormal?
Definition
Age 4 years and over
Term
When is a picture chart of the Snellen E char used to test for vision abnormalities?
Definition
3 to 6 years old
Term
When does a child achieve normal acuity of 20/20?
Definition
6 to 7 years old
Term
Hemorrhage or exudate in the macule occurs with ______________________
Definition
Senile Macular Degeneration
Term
Clumped pigment occurs with _____________ or _________________
Definition
Trauma or Retinal Detachment
Term
The macula is ___ DD in size and located ___ DD temporal to the disc
Definition
1 DD in size, 2 DD temporal to disc
Term
A:V ratio
Definition
2:3 or 4:5
Term
Gray-white new moon shape and occurs when pigment is absent in the choroid layer
Definition
Scleral Crescent
Term
Black pigment due to accumulation of pigment in the choroid
Definition
Pigment Crescent
Term
Normal eyes have a ___ diopter reading
Definition
Term
In __________, the globe is longer than normal and light rays focus in FRONT of the retina, so use a _________ diopter
Definition
Myopia, negative diopter (concave lens)
Term
In ________________, the globe is shorter than normal, light rays would focus behind the retina, so use a ____________ diopter
Definition
Hyperopia, positive diopter (convex lens)
Term
_____________ appear as opaque black areas against the red reflex
Definition
Cataracts
Term
________________ caused by the reflection of your ophthalmoscope light off the inner retina
Definition
Red Reflex
Term
Unit of strength of each lens
Definition
Diopter
Term
Anterior chamber, lens, vitreous
Definition
Media
Term
Internal surface of the retina
Definition
Ocular Fundus
Term
Normal adult resting size of pupils
Definition
3 to 5 mm
Term
Even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea, indicating jaundice
Definition
Scleral Icterus
Term
Fine oscillating movement best seen around iris
Definition
Nystagmus
Term
Mild weakness noted only when fusion is blocked
Definition
Phoria
Term
Asymmetry of the light reflex indicates deviation in ____________ from eye muscle weakness or paralysis
Definition
Alignment
Term
Normal angle results of the confrontation test: ____ degrees upward, ____ degrees temporal, ____ degrees down, and ____ degrees nasal
Definition
50 degrees up, 90 degrees temporal, 70 degrees down, 60 degrees nasal
Term
Decrease in power of accommodation with aging
Definition
Presbyopia
Term
Normal results for Jaegar card
Definition
14/14
Term
What does 20/20 mean?
Definition
"You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye could have read at 20 feet"
Term
White family member is the first to detect visual problems in children?
Definition
Parents
Term
In ability to tolerate light
Definition
Photophobia
Term
Perception of two images of a single object
Definition
Diplopia
Term
Tearing
Definition
Lacrimation
Term
Excessive tearing
Definition
Spiphora
Term
Constriction of one pupil
Definition
Direct Light Reflex
Term
Simultaneous constriction of the other pupil
Definition
Consensual Light Reflex
Term
The visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses
Definition
Retina
Term
The area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic nerve
Definition
Optic disc
Term
Include a paired artery and vein extending to each quadrant, growing progressively smaller in caliber as they reach the periphery
Definition
Retinal vessels
Term
Images formed are __________ and _____________ from its actual appearance in the outside world
Definition
Upside down and reversed
Term
___________ chamber is posterior to the cornea and in front of the iris and lens
Definition
Anterior chamber
Term
____________ chamber lies behind the iris to the sides of the lens
Definition
Posterior
Term
Biconvex disc located just posterior to the pupil
Definition
Lens
Term
___________ has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to the retina
Definition
Choroid
Term
__________ is a tough, protective, white covering
Definition
Sclera
Term
___________ reflex causes eye to blink if touched
Definition
Corneal Reflex
Term
CN VI, the abducens nerve, innervates _____________ muscle
Definition
Lateral Rectus Muscle
Term
CN IV, the trochlear nerve innervates ___________
Definition
Superior oblique muscle
Term
CN III, the oculomotor nerve, innervates __________, __________, ____________, and _____________
Definition
Superior, inferior, and medial rectus and the inferior oblique muscles
Term
Two movable shades that protect the eye from injury, strong light, and dust
Definition
Eyelids
Term
Elliptical open space between the eyelids
Definition
Palpebral Fissure
Term
Lower lid margin
Definition
Limbus
Term
Corner of the eye, angle where the lids meet
Definition
Canthus
Term
A small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands
Definition
Caruncle
Term
In the upper lid, the strips of connective tissue that give it shape
Definition
Tarsal plates
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