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health assesment
peripheral, abdomen, musculoskeletal,
92
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
04/21/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
pulses to palpate
Definition
carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
Term
pulse ratings
Definition

0= absent pulse

1+= weak

2+= normal

3+=increased

4+=bounding 

Term
what can a weak pulse mean?
Definition
congenital heart failure, shock, may also be called pulsus parvus.
Term
bounding pulse
Definition
pulse magnus can occur if the person is anxious, exercise, fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis. 
Term
pulsus alternans
Definition
palpates "strong, weak, storng, weak." occurs in CHF,or sever HTN.
Term
pulsus paradox
Definition
in palpating, for several beats its strong, several beats weak. weak pulse occurs evertime the patient breaths in, when patient breaths out pulse gets strong. occurs in lung disease emphysema, asthma.
Term
pericardial tamponade
Definition
pericardium does not stretch can lead to complications if coronary artery ruptures and goes to surface of pericardium. this builds pressure in heart causing heart failure.
Term
arteriole insufficiency
Definition
never produces edema. may cause gangrene. leg muscles need more oxygen because of insufficiency leg hurts (intermittent claudication). decreased pulse. the extremitites that affected will be cooler. skin becomes shiny, loss of hair, the nails become thick. may develop ulcers on toes. 
Term
venous insufficiency
Definition
produces edema. no pain. veins do no have pulses. no temperature changes. skin develops brown spots around the ankles. may develop ulcers on side of ankle. no gangrene. 
Term
semi-lunar valves
Definition
pulmonic and aortic valves
Term
AV valves
Definition
mitral and tricuspid valves
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
systole takes 1/2 as long as distole. shorter to occur. during systole AV valves close, semi lunar open. during diastole AV valves open, semi lunar close marked by closing of semi lunar valve. 
Term
protodiastolic gallop
Definition
S3 "lub dub dub", due to rapid ventricular filling due to enlarged heart or aneurism. occurs right after diastole.
Term
presystolic gallop
Definition
S4 "lub lub dub". always abnormal in adult, sometimes normal in children. occurs in HTN, and myocardial infarction. occurs right after systole. 
Term
summation gallop
Definition
if 4 heart sounds person have both S3 and S4. (S1 S2 S3 S4) may occur in hyperthyroidism, and cushings. 
Term
other heart sounds
Definition
if you hear a click, ejection click. if you hear a snap its called an opening snap. 
Term
split S1 
Definition
mitral and tricuspid valves close at almost the exact same time if pathology occurs in mitral and tricuspid valves close further apart in time, and occurs during S1. Could be S4.
Term
stenosis
Definition
narrow opening of the vessels, not enogh time for everything to go through. this always produce a murmur.
Term
pansystolic murmur
Definition
same in intensity all throughout
Term
midsystolic murmur or crescendo decrescendo murmur
Definition
rising in intensity and then decreasing in intensity
Term
early systolic murmur
Definition
decreasing in intesity
Term
late systolic murmur
Definition
increasing in intensity 
Term
heart grades 
Definition

I- very faint

II- quiet

III- moderately loud

IV- loud

V-very loud

VI-dont need stethoscope to hear it

Term
thrill
Definition
feel a vibration over the oran upon palpation. murmurs create thrills. only grades IV-VI produce a thrill. 
Term
PMI (point of maximal impulse)
Definition
everytime the heart beats, the apex flips up against the body and can be counted as the PMI. if you feel the PMI beyond the 5th space the person may have an enlarged heart.
Term
sounds at the bases and the apex
Definition
S2 is loder at the bases b.c semilunar valves are closer. S1 is louder at apex bc mitral/tricuspid valves are closer. 
Term
palpation of the heart
Definition
lay client supine feel for thrills, then feels for the patients PMI. if you cant feel PMI on supine position ask them to turn toward left. 
Term
linea alba
Definition
where all the muscles connect in the middle
Term
visceral organs
Definition
located below the diaghram 
Term
liver
Definition
on the right side. a small amount ony goes past the ribcage, not apart of soft stomach. 
Term
spleen
Definition
is on the left covered entirely by the ribcage. bc the spleen is like a boomerang it touches the body wall at 10th intercoastal space. At 9th and 11th you hear tympany at 10th you hear dull called area of splenic dullness. if spleen becomes enlarged you will hear dullness in 9th-11th I.C. spaces. can be due to leukemia or anemia.
Term
kidney
Definition
the left kidney is higher then the right. a part of the right kidney is below the ribcage.
Term
peritoneum
Definition
all visceral organs are wrapped in protective layer. kidneys are not in the peritoneum, kindey are retroperitoneal. 
Term
a discoloration around the umbilicus
Definition
 intra-abdominal hemmorhage 
Term
cullen's sign
Definition
blue patches, pancreatitis
Term
spider nevi
Definition
due to serosis (scar tissue) of the liver, may be normal in pregnancy bc of high levels of estrogen. 
Term
striae
Definition
"stretch marks" if you see purple striae, it could be due to cushings disease. 
Term
hernias
Definition
weakness in body wall and causes buldge or break in the body wall and contents slip out. usually forms around the umbilicus. infants are usually born with umilical hernias if it could be pressed in it is normal, if not then it may be surgically removed
Term
ascites
Definition
fluid in the abdomen
Term
diastasis recti
Definition
the linea alba tents up as the person sits up
Term
flat abdomen
Definition
normal
Term
curve in abdomen
Definition
fat, gas,ascites --> generalized distension 
Term
abdomen sinks in
Definition
malnourished state --> scaffoid abdomen
Term
auscultation of the abdomen
Definition
listen for bowel sounds, hyperactive bowel sounds AKA boborygmi, if you dont hear bowel sounds leave stethoscope for full minute. listen for bruits. 
Term
deep palpation
Definition
deep palpation use 2 harnds, between 2 cm down as you palpate assess the patients face. 
Term
types of abdominal pain
Definition
two types of pain= peritoneal pain, caused by enlarged organs causing the stretch of peritnoneum. visceral pain is hurting of the organ due to abses or bruise on actual organ
Term
peritoneal pain
Definition
it feels better as you push down
Term
visceral pain
Definition
pain feels worse as you push down
Term
palpating the liver edge
Definition
ask the patient to hold breath in and the diphragm pushes liver down so you can feel more of the liver. look for it to be smooth and nontender. 
Term
hepatitis and cirrhosis
Definition
Hepatitis will be smooth but tender to the touch. Cirrhosis feels lumps on the liver
Term
cholecystitis
Definition
inflammed gall bladder
Term
murphys sign
Definition
positive murphys sign is an indication of cholecytis the gall bladder will come up at mid clavicular line and be painful. 
Term
synarthrases
Definition
2 bones are fused and limit motion usually found in the skull. 
Term
amphiarthrosis
Definition
joints with elastic connective tissue that limits any R.O.M. 
Term
diarthrosis
Definition
space between two bones called synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid. tips of the bones are protected with articular cartilage. 
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
osteo is a disease of wear at tear of age, pieces of cartilage begin to break off. begin to feel pain in joints. upon palpation you feel crunchiness called crepitus. 
Term
rhumetoid
Definition
rhumetoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. causes inflammation, affects the joints but may also affect other tissues. joints are warm to the touch, there is no crepitus. causes panus and gets bigger and more solid if you do not exercise the panus you will eventually not not be able to move the joint at all. when they wake up in the morning the joints feel worse as the panus breaks up during the day they feel better. 
Term
flexion and extension of the neck
Definition

1) touch chin to chest (flexion), move head back (extention) tests neck muscle.

 

Term
kyphosis
Definition
exxagerated curvature of the thoracic cavity. common in aging due to osteoporosis where bone looses bone density. shown predominantly in women at menopause. 
Term
lordosis
Definition
exxagerated curvature of lumbar cavity called lordosis. occurs when person develops a big stomach such as an obese or pregnant person.
Term
structural scoliosis
Definition
more common, the entire rib cage begins to rotate around and cause spine to rotate in the back, occurs usually during childhood and adolescence, as it progresses they may recommend a back brace or surgical procedure. occurs more in girls. 
Term
functional scoliosis
Definition
when one leg i longer or shorter than the other, causing the spine to curve. sugical procedure where they put a screw in the bone at they gradually seperate bones and new bone forms. eventually making both legs the same size. 
Term
meningitis 
Definition
is inflammation of the meninges around the brain. they do a spinal tap. ppl with meningitis complain of pain when moving their head. 
Term
brudzinki
Definition
when you bend persons neck up they reflexidity bend knees upward. 
Term
kernig
Definition
when person is laying with knees flexed and you try to straighten the legs person complains of pain. 
Term
muscle strength levels
Definition

0= no detectable muscle contraction

1= barely detectable

2= complete R.O.M. without gravity

3= complete R.O.M against gravity

4= complete R.O.M against gravity w. some resistance

5= complete R.O.M. against gravity w. full resistance.

Term
temperomandibular joint
Definition
inspect make sure they are symmetrical. palpate and pay attn to crepitus or warmth. is it painful or tender. R.O.M. open and close their mouth. for muscle strength ask to clench teeth as we try to open it. 
Term
distal interpharangeal joint (DIP)
Definition
 first set of wrinkles. 
Term
Heberdons node
Definition
if you see a bump at the DIP is is know as heberdons node associated with osteo arthritis
Term
bouchads node
Definition
node at PIP associated with osteoarthritis
Term
boutoniere deformity
Definition
client finger is bumped up and cant be straightened due to rhumetoid arthritis
Term
carpal tunnels syndrome
Definition
when you move wrists in same direction for too long the carpals may become inflammed resulting in carpa tunnel syndrome. 
Term
phalens
Definition
ask patient to touch back of hands together if there is pain it is a positive phalens
Term
systolic murmur
Definition
occurs between S1+S2
Term
diastole murmur. 
Definition
between S2+S1=
Term

2) proximal interpharangeal 

 

Definition
(PIP) second set of wrinkles
Term

 metacarpal interpharangeal joint

 

Definition
(MIP) is your knuckles
Term
radiocarpal joint
Definition
(wrist)
Term

 (lateral bending)

 

Definition
touch ear to shoulders
Term

(rotation)

 

Definition
3) touch chin to shoulder 
Term

Flexion and extension of the waist.

 

Definition
4) bend at waist to touch toes (flexion) comes back up (extension)
Term
 (lateral bending at the waist) 
Definition
bend to each side
Term
nuchal rigidity
Definition
when person is not moving head or neck.
Term
what pathologies can cause an enlarged spleen
Definition
anemia or leukemia.
Term
liver span
Definition
about 6-12 cm
Term
what can cause a bounding pulse?
Definition
fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis. 
Term
what can causes pulsus alternans?
Definition
HTN, CHF
Term
what can cause pulsus paradox
Definition
emphysema and asthma
Term

what can cause a protodiastolic gallop?

 

Definition
aneurism or enlarged heart
Term
what can cause presystolic gallop
Definition
HTN, and myocardial infarction
Term
what causes a summation gallop?
Definition
hyperthyroidism and cushings
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