Term
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Definition
| carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
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Term
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Definition
0= absent pulse
1+= weak
2+= normal
3+=increased
4+=bounding |
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Term
| what can a weak pulse mean? |
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Definition
| congenital heart failure, shock, may also be called pulsus parvus. |
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Term
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Definition
| pulse magnus can occur if the person is anxious, exercise, fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| palpates "strong, weak, storng, weak." occurs in CHF,or sever HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
| in palpating, for several beats its strong, several beats weak. weak pulse occurs evertime the patient breaths in, when patient breaths out pulse gets strong. occurs in lung disease emphysema, asthma. |
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Term
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Definition
| pericardium does not stretch can lead to complications if coronary artery ruptures and goes to surface of pericardium. this builds pressure in heart causing heart failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| never produces edema. may cause gangrene. leg muscles need more oxygen because of insufficiency leg hurts (intermittent claudication). decreased pulse. the extremitites that affected will be cooler. skin becomes shiny, loss of hair, the nails become thick. may develop ulcers on toes. |
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Term
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Definition
| produces edema. no pain. veins do no have pulses. no temperature changes. skin develops brown spots around the ankles. may develop ulcers on side of ankle. no gangrene. |
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Term
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Definition
| pulmonic and aortic valves |
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Term
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Definition
| mitral and tricuspid valves |
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Term
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Definition
| systole takes 1/2 as long as distole. shorter to occur. during systole AV valves close, semi lunar open. during diastole AV valves open, semi lunar close marked by closing of semi lunar valve. |
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Term
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Definition
| S3 "lub dub dub", due to rapid ventricular filling due to enlarged heart or aneurism. occurs right after diastole. |
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Term
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Definition
| S4 "lub lub dub". always abnormal in adult, sometimes normal in children. occurs in HTN, and myocardial infarction. occurs right after systole. |
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Term
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Definition
| if 4 heart sounds person have both S3 and S4. (S1 S2 S3 S4) may occur in hyperthyroidism, and cushings. |
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Term
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Definition
| if you hear a click, ejection click. if you hear a snap its called an opening snap. |
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Term
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Definition
| mitral and tricuspid valves close at almost the exact same time if pathology occurs in mitral and tricuspid valves close further apart in time, and occurs during S1. Could be S4. |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow opening of the vessels, not enogh time for everything to go through. this always produce a murmur. |
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Term
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Definition
| same in intensity all throughout |
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Term
| midsystolic murmur or crescendo decrescendo murmur |
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Definition
| rising in intensity and then decreasing in intensity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
I- very faint
II- quiet
III- moderately loud
IV- loud
V-very loud
VI-dont need stethoscope to hear it |
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Term
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Definition
| feel a vibration over the oran upon palpation. murmurs create thrills. only grades IV-VI produce a thrill. |
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Term
| PMI (point of maximal impulse) |
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Definition
| everytime the heart beats, the apex flips up against the body and can be counted as the PMI. if you feel the PMI beyond the 5th space the person may have an enlarged heart. |
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Term
| sounds at the bases and the apex |
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Definition
| S2 is loder at the bases b.c semilunar valves are closer. S1 is louder at apex bc mitral/tricuspid valves are closer. |
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Term
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Definition
| lay client supine feel for thrills, then feels for the patients PMI. if you cant feel PMI on supine position ask them to turn toward left. |
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Term
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Definition
| where all the muscles connect in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| located below the diaghram |
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Term
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Definition
| on the right side. a small amount ony goes past the ribcage, not apart of soft stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| is on the left covered entirely by the ribcage. bc the spleen is like a boomerang it touches the body wall at 10th intercoastal space. At 9th and 11th you hear tympany at 10th you hear dull called area of splenic dullness. if spleen becomes enlarged you will hear dullness in 9th-11th I.C. spaces. can be due to leukemia or anemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| the left kidney is higher then the right. a part of the right kidney is below the ribcage. |
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Term
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Definition
| all visceral organs are wrapped in protective layer. kidneys are not in the peritoneum, kindey are retroperitoneal. |
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Term
| a discoloration around the umbilicus |
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Definition
| intra-abdominal hemmorhage |
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Term
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Definition
| blue patches, pancreatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| due to serosis (scar tissue) of the liver, may be normal in pregnancy bc of high levels of estrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| "stretch marks" if you see purple striae, it could be due to cushings disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| weakness in body wall and causes buldge or break in the body wall and contents slip out. usually forms around the umbilicus. infants are usually born with umilical hernias if it could be pressed in it is normal, if not then it may be surgically removed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the linea alba tents up as the person sits up |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fat, gas,ascites --> generalized distension |
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Term
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Definition
| malnourished state --> scaffoid abdomen |
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Term
| auscultation of the abdomen |
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Definition
| listen for bowel sounds, hyperactive bowel sounds AKA boborygmi, if you dont hear bowel sounds leave stethoscope for full minute. listen for bruits. |
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Term
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Definition
| deep palpation use 2 harnds, between 2 cm down as you palpate assess the patients face. |
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Term
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Definition
| two types of pain= peritoneal pain, caused by enlarged organs causing the stretch of peritnoneum. visceral pain is hurting of the organ due to abses or bruise on actual organ |
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Term
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Definition
| it feels better as you push down |
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Term
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Definition
| pain feels worse as you push down |
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Term
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Definition
| ask the patient to hold breath in and the diphragm pushes liver down so you can feel more of the liver. look for it to be smooth and nontender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis will be smooth but tender to the touch. Cirrhosis feels lumps on the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive murphys sign is an indication of cholecytis the gall bladder will come up at mid clavicular line and be painful. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 bones are fused and limit motion usually found in the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| joints with elastic connective tissue that limits any R.O.M. |
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Term
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Definition
| space between two bones called synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid. tips of the bones are protected with articular cartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| osteo is a disease of wear at tear of age, pieces of cartilage begin to break off. begin to feel pain in joints. upon palpation you feel crunchiness called crepitus. |
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Term
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Definition
| rhumetoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. causes inflammation, affects the joints but may also affect other tissues. joints are warm to the touch, there is no crepitus. causes panus and gets bigger and more solid if you do not exercise the panus you will eventually not not be able to move the joint at all. when they wake up in the morning the joints feel worse as the panus breaks up during the day they feel better. |
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Term
| flexion and extension of the neck |
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Definition
1) touch chin to chest (flexion), move head back (extention) tests neck muscle.
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Term
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Definition
| exxagerated curvature of the thoracic cavity. common in aging due to osteoporosis where bone looses bone density. shown predominantly in women at menopause. |
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Term
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Definition
| exxagerated curvature of lumbar cavity called lordosis. occurs when person develops a big stomach such as an obese or pregnant person. |
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Term
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Definition
| more common, the entire rib cage begins to rotate around and cause spine to rotate in the back, occurs usually during childhood and adolescence, as it progresses they may recommend a back brace or surgical procedure. occurs more in girls. |
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Term
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Definition
| when one leg i longer or shorter than the other, causing the spine to curve. sugical procedure where they put a screw in the bone at they gradually seperate bones and new bone forms. eventually making both legs the same size. |
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Term
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Definition
| is inflammation of the meninges around the brain. they do a spinal tap. ppl with meningitis complain of pain when moving their head. |
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Term
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Definition
| when you bend persons neck up they reflexidity bend knees upward. |
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Term
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Definition
| when person is laying with knees flexed and you try to straighten the legs person complains of pain. |
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Term
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Definition
0= no detectable muscle contraction
1= barely detectable
2= complete R.O.M. without gravity
3= complete R.O.M against gravity
4= complete R.O.M against gravity w. some resistance
5= complete R.O.M. against gravity w. full resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| inspect make sure they are symmetrical. palpate and pay attn to crepitus or warmth. is it painful or tender. R.O.M. open and close their mouth. for muscle strength ask to clench teeth as we try to open it. |
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Term
| distal interpharangeal joint (DIP) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| if you see a bump at the DIP is is know as heberdons node associated with osteo arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| node at PIP associated with osteoarthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| client finger is bumped up and cant be straightened due to rhumetoid arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| when you move wrists in same direction for too long the carpals may become inflammed resulting in carpa tunnel syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| ask patient to touch back of hands together if there is pain it is a positive phalens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
2) proximal interpharangeal
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Definition
| (PIP) second set of wrinkles |
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Term
metacarpal interpharangeal joint
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3) touch chin to shoulder |
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Term
Flexion and extension of the waist.
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Definition
| 4) bend at waist to touch toes (flexion) comes back up (extension) |
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Term
| (lateral bending at the waist) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when person is not moving head or neck. |
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Term
| what pathologies can cause an enlarged spleen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause a bounding pulse? |
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Definition
| fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis. |
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Term
| what can causes pulsus alternans? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause pulsus paradox |
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Definition
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Term
what can cause a protodiastolic gallop?
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Definition
| aneurism or enlarged heart |
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Term
| what can cause presystolic gallop |
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Definition
| HTN, and myocardial infarction |
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Term
| what causes a summation gallop? |
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Definition
| hyperthyroidism and cushings |
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