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Health Assesment - Neuro
Chapter 21
14
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2009

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Term
Motor Pathways
Definition

DESCENDING/AFFERENT

transmit impulses from brain to muscles

1) corticobulbar 2) extrapyramidal or indirect 4) cerebellum

Term
Direct Pathways
Definition

PYRAMIDAL

carry impulses from the cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons that innervate the skeletal mucles, resulting in voluntary movement

1) anterior corticospinal 2) lateral corticospinal 3) anterior coritcobulbar 4) lateral corticobulbar

Term
Indirect Pathways
Definition

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL

Carry impulses from the brainstem and other parts of the brain, resulting in automatic movement, coordination of movement, and maintenance of skeletal muscle tone and posture

1) reticulospinal 2) rubrospinal 3) tectospinal 4) vestibulospinal

Term
LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL
Definition

CROSSED PYRAMIDAL

Major tract controlling movements of extremities, fine movements of fingers 

Term
ANTERIOR CORTICOSPINAL
Definition

UNCROSSED PYRAMIDAL

    Voluntary movement of axial muscles

Term
CORTICOBULBAR
Definition

UNCROSSED PYRAMIDAL

Cranial nerves 

Term
RUBROSPINAL
Definition

CROSSED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL

Control and coordination of skilled muscle movement

Minor influence on movement 

Term
RETICULOSPINAL
Definition

UNCROSSED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL

Integration of axial body movements

Maintenance of body posture

Integrationg of body and limb movements

Minor influence on movement 

Term
VESTIBULOSPINAL
Definition

UNCROSSED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL

Maintenance of body posture

Integration of body and limb movements 

Term
SPINAL REFLEXES
Definition
  • do not depend on conscious perception and interpretation of stimuli
Term
DEEP TENDON REFLEX/MONOSYNAPTIC
Definition
  • involved just one sensory neuron communicating across a single synapse to one responding motor neuron
  • patellar reflex/knee-jerk reflex (stretch reflex)
Term
DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
Definition
ACHILLES (plantar flexion at ankle)  S1 and S2
PATELLAR (knee extension)             L2, L3, L4
BICEPS (elbow flexion)                   C5, C6
TRICEPS (elbow extension)             C6, C7, C8
BRACHIORADIALIS (forearm flexion and supination)
        C5 and C6
 
Term
SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
Definition
UPPER ABDOMINAL            T8, T9, T10
LOWER ABDOMINAL           T10 AND T11 
PLANTAR                          L5, S1, S2
CREMASTERIC                   L1 L2
BULBOCAVERNOSUS          S3 S4
ANAL                               S3, S4, S5
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