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Health and Wellness test 2
test 2 flash cards
84
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Undergraduate 1
03/08/2009

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Term
what hormones do the male testes produce?
Definition
androgens/testosterone
Term
what hormones do the ovaries produce?
Definition
estrogen and progesterone
Term
what hormones do the male and female adrenals produce?
Definition
androgens
Term
what does the hypothalamus control?
Definition
the hormones of the pituitary glands
Term
how many chromosomes do we have?
Definition
23
Term
what is puberty?
Definition
maturation of the reproductive system and development of the secondary sexual characteristics
Term
what changes when females mature?
Definition
breasts develop, hips and butt get rounder, pubic hair grows, menstrual cycle starts, grow and gain weight
Term
what changes when males mature?
Definition
testes enlarge, pubic and facial hair grows, ejaculation begins, growth, voice deepens
Term
what happens when women age?
Definition
they hit menopause eventually
Term
what happens when men age?
Definition
testosterone diminishes with age
Term
what are the 2 important psychological mechanisms of the sexual response cycle?
Definition
vasocongestion and myotonia
Term
what are the 5 phases of the sexual response cycle?
Definition
excited stage, plateau phase, orgasmic phase, resolution phase, refractory period
Term
what are some sexual dysfunctions?
Definition
vaginismus, orgasmic dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, retarded ejaculation
Term
what is one of the most common surgical procedures in the US?
Definition
abortion
Term
what is abortion?
Definition
expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus before it is sufficiently developed
Term
when was abortion legal?
Definition
until the mid 1800s
Term
when was Roe vs Wade and what did it pass?
Definition
1973 the 1st trimester women choose, the 2nd trimester the state regulates, the 3rd trimester only abortions to save mothers life or health
Term
what are Colorado abortion laws?
Definition
follow roe vs wade, parental consent, spousal notification, must be performed by a licensed physician
Term
pro life
Definition
fertilized egg is a human being from the moment of conception
Term
pro choice
Definition
distinct phases of fetal development so women can decided
Term
how much on average does it cost to raise a kid?
Definition
$250,000 plus
Term
what percent of pregnancies are unplanned?
Definition
about 50%
Term
how many children does the Duggar family have?
Definition
18 kids
Term
how long can a sperm last on average?
Definition
5 to 7 days
Term
when is a womans most fertile period?
Definition
5 days before ovulation and 1 to 2 days after
Term
what is the zygote?
Definition
a fertilized egg
Term
what is the blastocyst?
Definition
hollow ball of 32-128 cells
Term
what is the embryo?
Definition
stage from 2-8 weeks of of fetal development
Term
what is the fetus?
Definition
developing baby after 8 weeks
Term
how long does pregnancy last?
Definition
40 weeks/ 9 months
Term
fraternal twins
Definition
2 eggs and 2 sperm
Term
identical twins
Definition
1 egg and 1 sperm that divides
Term
what are signs of pregnancy?
Definition
missed period, breast soreness, nausea
Term
how many trimesters are in a pregnancy?
Definition
3
Term
whats the chance of sexually active couples that dont use protection getting pregnant?
Definition
85% chance in one year
Term
what are the different ways of preventing pregnancies?
Definition
abstinence, natural birth control, hormonal, surgical, Intrauterine Contraceptives, and barrier methods
Term
what is suction curettage?
Definition
vacuuming out the fetus within the first 12 weeks
Term
what is dilation and evacuation?
Definition
cervix is expanded and emptied after 12 weeks
Term
what is mifepristone?
Definition
chemicals taken to shed out lining and egg
Term
what is misoprostol?
Definition
stimulates uterine contractions
Term
how much weight is supposed to be gained during pregnancy?
Definition
18 to 25% of a womans body weight
Term
what happens in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?
Definition
all major body structures are formed
Term
what happens in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?
Definition
all body systems work, a heart beat can be heard, and movement can be felt
Term
what happens in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?
Definition
the fetus gains weight, respiratory and digestive organs develop
Term
what is sids?
Definition
sudden infant death syndrome
Term
how are stds spread?
Definition
through skin to skin contact or through bodily fluids
Term
are stds preventable?
Definition
yes
Term
what are bacterial stds?
Definition
syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia
Term
what are viral stds?
Definition
herpes, genital warts, hiv, and hepatitis b and c
Term
can viral stds be cured?
Definition
no but they can be treated
Term
can viral stds be cured?
Definition
no but they can be treated
Term
what is the only birth control method that is 100% effective?
Definition
abstinence
Term
what is the barrier method of birth control?
Definition
Any method that prevents the male’s sperm from reaching the female’s egg by creating a
barrier
Term
what is the natural method of birth control?
Definition
knowing when a woman is ovulating and not having sex around that time
Term
what is the most effective type of condom?
Definition
latex lubricated condoms
Term
what birth control method is put into a woman by a health care provider?
Definition
diaphragm
Term
what is the problem with hormonal birth control methods?
Definition
they can cause strokes, blood clots, and death
Term
how do hormonal birth control methods work?
Definition
they alter a womans natural hormones
Term
when should birth control pills be taken to be effective?
Definition
daily around the same time for 21 days and then a 7 day break period before starting again
Term
how often is the patch applied?
Definition
once a week for 3 weeks and then 1 week off
Term
how often should a vaginal ring be changed?
Definition
every month
Term
how often is the shot-depo provera injected?
Definition
about every 3 months into the womans buttock muscle
Term
how does the contraceptive implant work?
Definition
it is surgically placed in a womans upper arm
Term
how does the intrauterine contraceptive work?
Definition
it is placed by a doctor into the womans uterus and makes the uterus environment unfriendly to sperm and fertilized eggs
Term
how is voluntary surgical sterilization different from other birth control methods?
Definition
it is permanent
Term
what is the first stage of the birth process?
Definition
rhythmic contractions that help efface and dilate the cervix start
Term
what is the transition stage?
Definition
strong and frequent contractions that fully dilate the cervix (10cm)
Term
what is the second stage of the birth process?
Definition
expulsion, babys head moves into the birth canal, crowning happens, mom helps push baby out, and the baby is born
Term
what is the third stage of the birth process?
Definition
delivery of the placenta
Term
what is apgar score?
Definition
assessment of the babies HR, respiration, color, reflexes, and muscle tone
Term
cesarean section
Definition
baby is removed through surgical incision if baby or mothers health is at risk
Term
postpartum
Definition
time of adjustment occurring for up to 3 months after child birth
Term
what are some of the advantages of breast feeding?
Definition
bonding, nutrients and antibodies transferred to baby, less chance of ear infections, allergies, and being overweight
Term
how many sperm are released into the female during sex?
Definition
hundreds of thousands
Term
how many sperm reach the egg?
Definition
about 50
Term
what is in the center of the blastocyst?
Definition
liquid
Term
how big is the blastocyst?
Definition
same size as original egg
Term
what day does the blastocyst implant?
Definition
at 10 days
Term
what does the fetus breath in?
Definition
amniotic fluid
Term
when does the nose develop?
Definition
5 weeks
Term
when do leg buds develop?
Definition
6 weeks
Term
when do the fingers become defined?
Definition
7 weeks
Term
when does thumb sucking begin?
Definition
14 weeks
Term
when does the fetus start moving actively?
Definition
10 weeks
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