Term
| The visceral compartment of the neck has what? |
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Definition
Digestive and respiratory viscera
Endocrine glands |
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Term
| The vertebral compartment of the neck has what? |
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Definition
Cervical vertebrae
Spinal cord
Nerves
Muscles associated with spine |
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Term
| The (two) vascular compartments in the neck have what? |
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Definition
Major blood vessels
Vagus nerve |
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Term
| What is in the superficial cervical fascia? |
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Definition
Cutaneous nerves
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Fat
Platysma muscle, anterolaterally |
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Term
| Describe the investing layer of cervical fascia. |
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Definition
Most superficial of the deep layers
Anteriorly, it splits to enclose the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Posteriorly, it splits to enclose the trapezius m.
It also splits to enclose the submandibular and parotid glands |
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Term
| What layer of fascia creates the suprasternal space? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the pretracheal layer, its visceral and muscular layers |
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Definition
Extends from the hyoid bone inferiorly to blend with the fibrous pericardium of the heart
Has a muscular layer enclosing the infrahyoid muscles
Has a visceral layer enclosing the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus
Visceral layer is continuous posteriorly with the buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx
Blends laterally with the carotid sheaths |
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Term
| Describe the carotid sheath and what it contains |
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Definition
Tubular sheath extending from the cranial base to the root of the neck
It contains: common & int. carotid arteries, int. jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, sympathetic nerve fibers |
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Term
| Describe the prevertebral layer of fascia. |
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Definition
Tubular sheath wrapping the vertebral column and associated structures
Extends from the base of the cranium to T3 vertebra – fuses with the anterior longitudinal ligament
Extends laterally surrounding the brachial plexus and axillary vessels |
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Term
| What is the danger space, why is it dangerous? |
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Definition
| between the alar and prevertebral fascial layers. Infection in this space can reach throughout the thorax |
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Term
| Where is the retropharyngeal space, and where can infection spread from here? |
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Definition
| between the alar and buccopharyngeal layers. Infection in this space can reach the superior mediastinum |
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Term
| What level is the hyoid bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level is the thyroid cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level is the cricoid cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the common carotid bifurcate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the platysma muscle attach? Innervation? What pierces it to innervate the skin? |
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Definition
Lies in the superficial cervical fascia
Inferior attachment - fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major mm.
Superior attachment - blends with the muscles of facial expression
No important actions (could help depress the mandible) – cervical component of muscles of facial expression
Innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve
Supraclavicular nerves (from C3 & C4 cervical plexus) pierce it to innervate skin |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
Anteriorly - Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posteriorly - Anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferiorly - Middle third (1/3) of the clavicle
Roof - Investing layer of cervical fascia
Floor - Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia covering deep neck muscles |
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Term
| What further divides the posterior triangle? What are the divisions called? |
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Definition
| The post. triangle can be further subdivided by the inferior belly of omohyoid m. into occipital and supraclavicular triangles. |
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Term
| What muscles are found in the floor of the posterior triangle, covered by prevertebral fascia? |
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Definition
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Posterior scalene
Middle scalene
Anterior scalene |
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Term
| What innervates the omohyoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in the subclavian triangle? |
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Definition
Subclavian artery
Part of subclavian vein
Suprascapular artery
Supraclavicular lymph nodes |
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Term
| What's found in the occipital portion of the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
External jugular vein
Posterior branches of cervical plexus of nerves
Accessory nerve
Trunks of the brachial plexus
Transverse cervical artery
Cervical lymph nodes |
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Term
| External jugular begins by union of which veins? What muscle does it descend on the superficial surface of? |
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Definition
| Retromandibular, posterior auricular. SCM. |
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Term
| What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery? |
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Definition
vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, & thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk (on the left only)
Thyrocervical trunk gives off transverse cervical
suprascapular, and inferior thyroid |
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Term
| What are the branches of the 2nd and 3rd parts of the subclavian artery? |
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Definition
2nd part is behind the anterior scalene muscle. Gives off costocervical trunk on the right most of the time. On the left, costocervical trunk typically branches from the 1st part.
3rd part gives off dorsal scapular a. |
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Term
| Which nerve of the posterior triangle passes deep to or through the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then crosses the triangle to the trapezius? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve(s) of the posterior triangle supply skin over the anterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Transverse cervical nerves (C2+3) |
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Term
| Which nerve of the posterior triangle supplies skin over the parotid gland and around the auricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve of the posterior triangle pierce the platysma m. to supply skin over the anterior and lateral shoulder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the superficial branches of the cervical plexus found in the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
| Spinal accessory, transverse cervical, great auricular and supraclavicular nerves |
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Term
| Which nerve lies on the surface of levator scapulae? Anterior scalene? |
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Definition
| Spinal accessory, phrenic |
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Term
| What makes up the muscular (deep) branch of the cervical plexus? |
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Definition
Phrenic nerve, supplies both motor and sensory to the diaphragm
Prevertebral muscular branches supplying the rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus colli, and longus capitis mm. |
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Term
| Describe the roots of ansa cervicalis. What does it innervate? |
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Definition
Superior, formed by C1 & C2. It loops down within the carotid sheath from the hypoglossal nerve
Inferior, formed by C2 & C3. It joins the superior root
Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and inferior belly of the omohyoid mm |
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Term
| What is the name of the point for the cervical plexus nerve block? Where is it? |
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Definition
| Erb's point, along the posterior border of the SCM, mainly near the inferior third |
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Term
| The brachial plexus emerges between which scalenes? |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathetic trunk, inferior cervical & 1st thoracic ganglia – when these are fused, it’s called the... |
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Definition
| cervicothoracic or stellate ganglion |
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Term
| What are the causes of congenital torticollis? |
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Definition
| fibromatosis coli in SCM during development, or tearing of SCM during birth. |
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Term
| Cervical dystonia (abnormal tonicity), is commonly known as __________, usually begins between ages of __ and __. |
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Definition
| spasmodic torticollis or wry neck, 20 and 60 |
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