Term
| Describe epithelium of the oral mucosa. What's special about areas of stress, the cheek, and the floor? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous non-keratinized. Can be keratinized in areas of stress on gums and hard palate, the cheek epithelium is thick, the floor is thin and permeable. |
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Term
| Leukoplakia has the same risk factors as what type of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vertical groove on the upper lip? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood supply of upper and lower lips? |
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Definition
| Upper: Superior labial branches of facial and infraorbital, Lower: inferior labial branches of facial and mental |
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Term
| Sensory and motor innervation of the lips? |
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Definition
| Upper: V2 sensory, Lower: V3 sensory, motor: facial nerve |
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Term
| Where does lymphatic drainage from lips go? |
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Definition
| Submental and submandibular lymph nodes |
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Term
| Describe the external surface of the lips |
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Definition
| thin skin with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands |
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Term
| Describe the vermillion zone of the lips |
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Definition
covered by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium devoid of hair follicles and sweat glands. There can be occasional sebaceous glands.
It appears red because of the rich vasculature that extends into the very high dermal papillae. |
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Term
| Describe the inner surface of the lips |
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Definition
| Mucous membrane with stratified squamous, non-keratinized epithelium |
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Term
| What minor salivatory glands can be seen under the mucous membrane of the internal surface of the lips? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many of each type of tooth do you have on each side of the jaw? |
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Definition
| 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper: Superior alveolar nerve (V2), Lower: Inferior alveolar nerve (V3) |
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Term
| The root of the tooth is the portion below the ______. It is covered by _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you find inside the pulp cavity? |
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Definition
| Loose CT, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, layer of odontoblasts |
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Term
| What are the neural crest derived cells in the teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the periodontal ligament made of? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Dense collagenous CT, attaches cementum to surrounding bone, serves as periosteum, absorbs shock, has mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| What is the highly vascular layer, with a high turnover of collagen, that can be affected by vitamin C and protein deficiencies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mucous membrane of the gingiva firmly attached to? How does its epithelium bind to enamel? |
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Definition
| underlying periosteum of alveolar bone, thick basal lamina or cuticle |
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Term
| How hard is dentin? What's in the organic matrix? |
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Definition
| It's harder than bone, 70% hydroxyapatite, type I collage, proteoglycans and glycoproteins |
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Term
| What do odontoblasts do? What special feature do they have? |
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Definition
| neural crest origin, secrete organic matrix (predentin), line the pulp cavity, have long slender processes - Tomes fibers - that penetrate through dentinal tubules. |
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Term
| What does enamel contain? What doesn't it contain? What makes enamel? |
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Definition
| 95% hydroxyapatites and some enamel proteins, no collagen, made by ameloblasts (from the ectodermal enamel organ) during tooth development |
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Term
| Cementum is similar to bone in that it is calcified tissue, but has no... |
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Definition
| haversian canals or blood vessels |
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Term
| Cementum matrix is secreted by what cells? What does it contain? Where is it thicker? What do you see there? How do they communicate? |
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Definition
| cementoblasts, type I collagen + proteoglycans + glycoproteins, apical region, lacunae for cementocytes, via canaliculi |
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Term
| What is the V-shaped division on the tongue? What embryonic remnant is there? |
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Definition
| Sulca terminalis, foramen caecum (remnant of thyroid diverticulum) |
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Term
| Oral part/anterior 2/3 of tongue from which branchial arch(es)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior 1/3 of the tongue is from which branchial arch(es)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs like nitroglycerin can be rapidly absorbed into which veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the mucosa of the VENTRAL tongue? |
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Definition
| smooth oral mucosa, with a lamina propia, NO SUBMUCOSA |
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Term
| FIlliform have a core of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which papillae have thin stalks with smooth, dilated upper portions, and are scattered among filiform papillae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Taste buds of fungiform papillae are on which surface of it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe foliate papillae |
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Definition
| Dorsolateral surface of tongue, poorly developed in humans, have taste buds |
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Term
| Where are circumvallate papillae? What is their special feature? What innervates them? |
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Definition
| 1-15 of them around sulcus terminalis, have surrounding moats and glands of von Ebner, taste buds on lateral side, Glossopharyngeal |
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Term
| What does the regular sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? |
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Definition
| Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus |
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Term
| Genioglossus: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
Origin – superior part of mental spine of mandible
Insertion – dorsum of tongue and hyoid bone (body)
Innervation – hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Action – depresses tongue, posterior part protrudes tongue |
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Term
| hyoglossus: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
Origin – body and greater horn of hyoid bone
Insertion – side and inferior aspect of tongue
Innervation – hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Action -depresses and retracts tongue |
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Term
| Styloglossus: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
Origin – Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
Insertion – side and inferior aspect of tongue
Innervation – hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Action – retracts tongue and draws it up during swallowing to form a trough. |
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Term
| Palatoglossus: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
Origin – Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
Insertion – side of tongue
Innervation – Cranial nerve X.
Action – elevates posterior tongue |
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Term
| What vessels travel deep to the hyoglossus? |
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Definition
| Lingual artery and paired vein |
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Term
| The lingual nerve loops under the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The deep lingual artery has what vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve travels on top of (superficial to) hyoglossus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypoglossal nerve travels between which two important vessels? |
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Definition
| External carotid, internal jugular |
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Term
| Because of actions of the ______ muscle, a hypoglossal nerve injury causes the tongue to deviate to the _______ side when protruded. |
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Definition
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Term
| The palatine tonsils are flanked by ______ folds anteriorly and _______ folds posteriorly. |
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Definition
| Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeal |
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Term
| The uvula is strengthened by the aponeurosis of which muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tensor veli palatini: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O– medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid bone, cartilage of tympanic tube, I– palatine aponeurosis, Nerve – V3, Action – tenses soft palate, opens tympanic tube during swallowing and yawning |
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Term
| Levator veli palatini: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O - cartilage of tympanic tube and petrous part of temporal bone, I – palatine aponeurosis, Nerve – cranial nerve X, Action – elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning |
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Term
| Palatopharyngeus: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O- hard palate and palatine aponeurosis, I – lateral wall of pharynx, Nerve – cranial nerve X, Action – Tenses soft palate and pull wall of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly and medially during swallowing |
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Term
| The tendon of which muscle turns on the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mylohyoid muscle: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O- mylohyoid line of mandible, I – raphe and body of hyoid bone, Nerve - mylohyoid nerve, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3), Action – elevates floor of mouth during swallowing and speech |
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Term
| Geniohyoid muscle: I&O, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O - inferior mental spine of mandible, I – body of hyoid bone, nerve: C1 via hypoglossal nerve, Action - draws hyoid anteriorly and superiorly during swallowing |
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Term
| Anterior belly of digastric: O&I, nerve, action? |
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Definition
| O – digastric fossa of mandible, I – intermediate tendon to greater horn of hyoid bone, Nerve - nerve to mylohyoid (V3), Action – depresses mandible, raises and stabilizes hyoid bone |
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Term
| Which muscle on the floor of the oral cavity is innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle of the floor of the oral cavity elevates the floor of the mouth during speech and swallowing? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sublingual gland sits on which muscles of the floor of the oral cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pyramidal-shaped cells with spherical nuclei. Contain large amounts of RER and therefore, basophilic cytoplasm characteristic of protein-secreting cells. Serous cells form spherical acini and produce a protein-rich, watery secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuboidal or columnar cells. Nuclei are oval or flattened and are pushed to the basal side of the cell by secretory product. Mucinogen granules occupy apical end of cells. In H and E, mucinogen lost, apex of cells have clear, empty appearance. The cells are typically are arranged as tubules. Mucin composed of glycoprotein and is a viscous secretion. |
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Term
| What are serous demilunes, and what special enzyme do they secrete? |
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Definition
| crescent-shaped caps of serous cells on mucous tubules. Most common in the sublingual gland. Secrete lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down bacterial walls. |
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Term
| Usually, where are myoepithelial cells within salivary glands? What are they called when they are in the acini? What do they do? |
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Definition
| contractile epithelial cells. They lie between the basal lamina and glandular epithelial cells. Their function is to help move secretory products out of the glands. When they are found in the acini, they often have a stellate-shape and are called basket cells |
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Term
| Describe intercalated ducts |
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Definition
| intercalated ducts (intralobular): small ducts with squamous or cuboidal epithelium. They are continuous with lumen of acini. The intercalated ducts lead to striated ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
| intralobular, usually have simple columnar epithelium with basal striations (invaginations) and numerous mitochondria. The striated ducts are involved in ion transport. These ducts lead to excretory ducts. |
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Term
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Definition
| (interlobular): large ducts within the interlobular connective tissue. They have stratified cuboidal or stratified columnar epithelia. They ultimately empty into the oral cavity. |
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Term
| Parotid gland produces what percentage of saliva? What types of cells? What does the CT contain? What is the immune function of this organ? |
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Definition
25%, largest, completely serous gland,
secretory granules contain polysaccharides and are rich in proteins - high amylase activity.
characterized by numerous striated ducts,
may have numerous fat cells. CT contains plasma cells and lymphocytes - produce IgA that complexes with a secretory component produced by the serous acinar and duct cells. |
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Term
| What is mumps characterized by? What complications can it cause? |
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Definition
| Huge parotid gland swelling, meningitis and epididymo-orchitis |
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Term
| Describe the submandibular gland |
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Definition
70%, mixed gland, primarily serous. Serous cells have extensive lateral and basal membrane infolding suggesting their role in electrolyte and water transport. These infoldings make the cell boundaries indistinct.
serous demilunes are associated with mucus acini.
cells of the serous demilunes secrete lysozyme.
gland has numerous, easily visible striated ducts. |
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Term
| describe the sublingual gland |
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Definition
5%, mixed gland, but predominently mucous.
The serous cells are only usually found in serous demilunes. Few striated ducts and they are difficult to identify |
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Term
| Pharyngeal tonsil is located where? Has what feature? Epithelium? When inflamed, what's it called? |
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Definition
| Nasopharynx, shallow pleats, respiratory (pseudostratified columnar), adenoids |
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Term
| The deep aspect of the palatine tonsil has what fibrous structure? What is the epithelium, and what traps food particles? |
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Definition
Deep aspect has dense fibrous capsule
Covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, deep crypts that trap food particles, |
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Term
| Describe the lingual tonsil |
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Definition
Located in posterior 1/3 of tongue
Covered with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Each lingual tonsil has a single crypt |
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