Term
| Larynx lies at what vertebral levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior part of the thyroid cartilage lies at what level? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lamina of the thyroid cartilage unite anteriorly, forming what? |
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Definition
| laryngeal prominence - sharper (90°) in men than in women (120°) |
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Term
| What does the superior border of the thyroid cartilage attach to? By what? |
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Definition
Superior border and superior horns attach to hyoid bone by thyrohyoid membrane
- median thyrohyoid ligament
- lateral thyrohyoid ligament |
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Term
| What ligaments attach the cricoid cartilage to structures superior and inferior? |
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Definition
| ttaches to the thyroid cartilage by median cricothyroid (can be palpated) and to the 1st tracheal ring by cricotracheal ligaments |
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Term
| On the cricoid cartilage, what are these for: Facets, ridge, depression |
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Definition
| facets - articulations with other cartilages, depressions - attachment of muscles, ridge - attachment of esophagus |
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Term
| The base and apex of the arytenoid cartilages articulate with what? |
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Definition
| base that articulates with the lamina of the cricoid, apex that articulates with the corniculate cartilages via vestibular ligaments |
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Term
| where are cuneiform cartilages? |
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Definition
| suspended in the fibroelastic membrane that attaches the arytenoid to the epiglottis |
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Term
| What movements are possible at the crico-arytenoid joint? |
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Definition
| latero – medial sliding, antero-posterior tilting and rotation (movements provide approximating, tensing and relaxing of vocal cords |
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Term
| Vocal ligaments are between what and what? |
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Definition
| junction of the lamina of the thyroid and vocal processes of both arytenoids. |
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Term
| Cricovocal membrane (conus elasticus) has laterally extending... |
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Definition
| lateral cricothyroid ligaments |
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Term
| What is the epiglottis attached to? By what? |
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Definition
| attached to the thyroid (thyro-epiglottic ligament) and hyoid (hyo-epiglottic ligament) |
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Term
| The epiglottis projects in what direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ membrane is between arytenoid and epiglottis and its free inferior margin forms _______ ________s. |
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Definition
| Quadrangular, vestibular ligaments |
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Term
| Superior margin of the quadrangular membrane is also called the ________ ligament. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is located between vestibular and vocal folds? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Laryngeal ventricles & saccules, between vocal folds the mucosa bulges, thus creating saccules, numerous mucous glands secrete mucus to lubricate the vocal cords |
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Term
| Between the true vocal cords and the trachea is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The base of the rimas are ______ and the apex is ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cricothyroid muscle do? What is its innervation? What happens if its damaged? |
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Definition
| During speech, these pull the thyroid cartilage anterior and down, thereby tensing the vocal cords. Nerve - superior laryngeal branch of X. Monotonous, low voice. |
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Term
| What do posterior crico-arytenoid muscles do? What happens if they are both denervated? |
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Definition
| They laterally rotate and abduct the arytenoid cartilages, thereby widening the rima glottidis. Asphyxiation. |
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Term
| What do lateral crico-arytenoid muscles do? |
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Definition
| They abduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, thereby narrowing the rima glottidis |
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Term
| Which muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages, adducts the arytenoid cartilages, closes rima glottidis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscles run between the muscular process of one arytenoid cartilage to the apex of the other, and are helpful in narrowing the laryngeal inlet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do vocalis muscles do? |
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Definition
| Adjust tension in vocal cords |
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Term
| Which muscles attach to inner surface of the thyroid cartilage the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages, are broad and lateral to the quadrangular membrane, act as a sphincter of the vestibule, and can also act to shorten and relax vestibular and vocal ligaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during forced inspiration? |
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Definition
| Arytenoid cartilages are rotated laterally by the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles, As a result, the vocal folds are abducted and the rima glottidis widens |
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Term
| During phonation, tension of vocal cords is adjusted by... |
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Definition
| Tension of the vocal cords is adjusted by the vocalis and cricothyroid muscle |
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Term
| During phonation, what's happening with arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds? How is sound produced? |
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Definition
The arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds are adducted and air is forced through the narrow opening
This causes the vocal folds to vibrate against each other, producing sound |
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Term
| What laryngeal event during swallowing causes the esophagus to open? |
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Definition
| The epiglottis swings downward toward arytenoid cartilages |
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Term
| During swallowing, what positions are the rimas and laryngeal inlet in? |
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Definition
| The rima glottidis and vestibuli are closed and the laryngeal inlet is narrowed |
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Term
| During swallowing, in which direction(s) does the larynx move? |
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Definition
| The larynx moves up and forward |
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Term
| Superior laryngeal artery branches of which artery near which landmark? |
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Definition
| Branches off the superior thyroid artery near the upper border of the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| Inferior laryngeal artery ascends with which nerve, in a groove between which structures? |
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Definition
| Accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve as it ascends in the groove between the esophagus and trachea |
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Term
| Venous drainage of the larynx is via which veins? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior laryngeal, they follow the arteries |
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Term
| Superior laryngeal nerve comes from which ganglion, and branches at what bony landmark? |
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Definition
Originate from the inferior vagal ganglia in the neck and descend medial to the internal carotid artery
Near the hyoid bone, they divide into internal and external branches |
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Term
| External laryngeal artery enters the larynx by piercing which muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the laryngeal cavity down to the vocal folds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the laryngeal cavity below the vocal folds? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid gland is at which levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetics to the thyroid from the superior cervical plexus have what action(s)? |
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Definition
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