Term
| Development of Pharyngeal Pouch 2 |
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Definition
Palatine tonsils form in intratonsillar cleft between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
Lymphocytes derived from yolk sac. |
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Term
| Ventral Portion of Pharyngeal Pouch 3 |
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Definition
Develops into thymic bars.
Thymic bars migrate inferiorly, fuse to form thymus. |
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Term
| Dorsal Portion of Pharyngeal Pouch 3 |
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Definition
| Endoderm, neural crest proliferate to form inferior parathyroid glands, which secrete parathyroid hormone (increase blood Ca level) |
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Term
| Dorsal Portion of Pharyngeal Pouch 4 |
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Definition
| Develops into superior parathyroid glands (from endoderm, neural crest) |
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Term
| Ventral portion of Pharyngeal Pouch 4 |
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Definition
| Develops into ultimobranchial body, which migrates to level of thyroid, breaks up, forms parafollicular/C-cells of thyroid, which secrete calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
Mesenchymal cells derived from neural crest
Gives rise to CT, dermis, smooth muscle, skeletal elements, glands |
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Term
| Pharyngeal Apparatus - Contents |
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Definition
Pharyngeal grooves (ectoderm)
Pharyngeal pouches (endoderm)
Pharyngeal membranes (ecto, endo, mesoderm) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 4 extrinsic ocular muscles; oculomotor nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 extrinsic ocular muscle; trochlear nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| (1st pharyngeal arch); muscles of mastication; trigeminal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 extrinsic ocular muscle; abducens nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| (2nd pharyngeal arch); muscles of facial expression; facial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| (3rd pharyngeal arch); stylopharyngeus m.; glossopharyngeal muscle |
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Term
| Soft tissue of Pharyngeal Arch 1 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (4th pharyngeal arch); cricothyroid m., vagus nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| (6th pharyngeal arch); laryng/phary/eso muscles; vagus nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Syndromes associated with maldevelopment of 1st pharyngeal arch
Characterized by faulty development of neural crest tissue
Syndromes: Treacher Collins, Robin |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue muscles; hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue muscles; hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
| Treacher Collins Syndrome |
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Definition
First pharyngeal arch defect
Hypoplasia of mandible/other facial bones; malformation of external ears; cleft palate
autosomal dominant condition |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle of Pharyngeal Arch 1 |
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Definition
| Muscles of mastication (temporal, masseter, lateral/medial pterygoids) |
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Term
| Bones of Pharyngeal Arch 1 |
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Definition
Maxillary and mandibular prominences (Meckel's cartilage - incus, malleus); forms tympanic membrane
NO CARTILAGINOUS TEMPLATE (intramembranous ossification) - maxilla, zygomatic, squamous part of temporal, palatine |
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Term
| Bones of Pharyngeal Arch 2 |
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Definition
| Reichart's cartilage - stapes, styloid process, lesser horn/upper portion of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscles of Pharyngeal Arch 2 |
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Definition
| Muscles of facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
First pharyngeal arch defect
Extreme micrognathia, cleft palate, posteriorly displaced tongue |
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Term
| Skeletal elements of Pharyngeal Arch 3 |
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Definition
| Endochondral ossification - greater horn/lower portion of hyoid |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscles of Pharyngeal Arch 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal Elements of Pharyngeal Arches 4&6 |
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Definition
| Laryngeal cartilages - thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform |
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Term
| Pharyngeal Pouch Anomalies |
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Definition
Ectopic thymus/parathyroid/C-cells
DiGeorge Syndrome (3&4) - no thymus, parathyroid, C cells; 1st arch syndrome; fetal alcohol syndrome? |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle of Pharyngeal Arches 4&6 |
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Definition
| Cricothyroid, levetor veli palatini muscles, constrictors of pharynx/larynx/esophagus |
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Term
| Development of thyroid gland |
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Definition
| Thyroid diverticulum/thyroglossal duct -> distal end becomes primordium of thyroid gland |
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Term
| Congenital Malformations of Thyroid Gland |
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Definition
Agenesis - cretinism (hypothyroidism); mentally deficient, short, infertile
Thyroglossal cysts/fistulas
Ectopic thyroid gland |
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Term
| Development of Pharyngeal Pouch 3 |
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Definition
Distal portion: middle ear cavity -> mastoid antrum
Proximal portion: eustacian tube |
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Term
| Development of Neurocranium |
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Definition
Floor is basicranium/chondrocranium, formed by endochondral ossification
Side/top formed by ectomesenchyme (frontal, parietal, occipital), formed by endochondral ossification |
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Term
| Development of Viscerocranium |
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Definition
| Has both endochondral and intramembranous ossification |
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Term
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Definition
Premature closure of fontanelles;
Results in slow growth of skull, compression of growing brain |
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Term
| Development of Oral Part of Tongue |
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Definition
Myoblasts/ectomesenchyme in pharynx = median tongue bud, distal tongue bud
Distal tongue buds = anterior tongue
Mucous membrane = lingual nerve of mandibular of trigeminal
Taste buds = chorda tympani of facial |
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Term
| Development of Pharyngeal Part of Tongue |
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Definition
Ectomesenchyme = copula
Ecto/meso = hypobranchial eminence
Hypobranchial eminence = root of tongue
Mucous membrane = IX & X
Taste buds = IX |
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Term
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Definition
Derived from occipital somites 3/4
Innervated by XII except palato- (X)
Include styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus, palatoglossus |
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Term
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Definition
1. Formation of nasal placodes (ectoderm)
2. Placodes form lateral/medial nasal prominences w/nasal pits (side of nose, philtrum of upper lip)
3. Remainder forms forehead, apex of nose |
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Term
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Definition
1. Proliferation causes medial nasal prominences to fuse together
2. Causes formation of intermaxillary segment (gives rise to philtrum of upper lip, premaxillary part of maxilla [part over incisors], primary palate)
3. Forms lateral part of upper lip/cheek |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms lower lip, chin, lower part of cheek |
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Term
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Definition
1. Primary palate derived from intermaxillary segment
2. Secondary palate forms from lateral palatine process
3. Definitive palate forms when lateral palatine processes fuse with each other and with median palatine process
4. Nasal septum (frontonasal prominence) fuses with palate, forming two nasal cavities
5. Bone develops (intramembranous ossification)
5a. In primary palate, is premaxilla
5b. In secondary palate, is palatine process and palatine bone
6. No bone in posterior part of secondary palate - soft palate
7. Incisive foramen separates primary/secondary palate in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypoplasia of maxillary prominence, preventing fusion of maxillary/medial nasal prominences |
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Term
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Definition
Incomplete fusion between lateral palatine processes and/or primary palate
Anterior cleft malformations: cleft lip with/without cleft in primary palate
Posterior cleft malformations: failure of lateral palatine processes to fuse with one another |
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