Term
| The auricle/pinna is involved in ________. Name the parts. |
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Definition
| Sound localization and amplification. Helix, antihelix, tragus, antitragus, concha, lobule |
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Term
| What three nerves supply most of the innervation of skin surrounding the ear? What other nerves provide branches to the external ear? |
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Definition
| Great auricular (C2, C3), lesser occipital (C2), auriculotemporal (V3). Also facial nerve and vagus. |
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Term
| The lateral 1/3 of the EAM has a core of _____. What features does the skin have? |
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Definition
| Cartilage. Hair follicles, sweat, ceruminous glands. |
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Term
| External tympanic membrane is innervated by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Inner surface of tympanic membrane is innervated by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Bulging, red TM might indicate what? This is more common in who? Why? |
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Definition
| Otitis media, children, narrower angle of pharyngotympanic tubes and poor draining |
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Term
| When placing a tympanosotomy tube, where should the incision be made? Why? |
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Definition
| Posteroinferior membrane, to avoid injuring chorda tympani |
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Term
| Chorda tympani passes between what two structures in the middle ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| The middle ear connects to what other cavities via what channels? |
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Definition
| Pharynx via pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid air cells via mastoid antrumm |
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Term
| Chorda tympani passes over what muscle in the tympanic cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Paralysis of facial nerve can cause what problem with hearing from loss of which muscle action? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does tensor tympani do? What innervates it? |
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Definition
| Tenses TM, attenuating sound, V3 |
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Term
| Mastoiditis can spread superior to... |
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Definition
| the middle cranial cavity |
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Term
| Development: At ____ days there is a thickening of ________. The ________ invaginates to form the ________. |
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Definition
| 22, surface ectoderm. Otic placode, otic vesicle. |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the otic vesicle? What do they give rise to? |
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Definition
| Ventral - saccule and cochlear duct, dorsal - utricle, semi-circular canals and endolymphatic duct |
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Term
| The tympanic cavity is derived from... |
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Definition
| endoderm (tubotympanic recess) |
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Term
| What does 1st arch cartilage develop into? What is the name of the cartilage? |
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Definition
| Meckel's, malleus and incus |
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Term
| What is the name of the 2nd arch cartilage and what does it develop into? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bony labyrinth is within... |
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Definition
| the petrous part of the temporal bone |
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Term
| Maculae and stratoconia are found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sheer stress moves from stereocilia toward the kinocilia, what is the result? |
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Definition
| Depolarization - excitation |
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Term
| Head position is _______ acceleration, and is detected by specialized regions called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The macculae of the utricle and saccule are oriented how (relative to one another?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hair cells of the maculae have ____ cilium and an average of ____ long stereocilia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Otoliths distort the gel matrix above cells in what region? |
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Definition
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Term
| Semicircular canals are responsible for detecting ______, which is ______ acceleration, and they have specialized regions called _________, with gelatinous material that forms a structure called a _______. |
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Definition
| movement, angular, crista ampullaris, cupula |
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Term
| Middle ear ossicles convert _____ waves to ______ waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid waves travel through... |
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Definition
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Term
| Human cochlea has ____ turns, and is ____ long if unrolled. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the relations of scala vestibuli and tympani to the cochlear duct? |
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Definition
| Vestibuli - above, tympani - below |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Outer hair cells: how many rows? What shape of stereocilia? Any kinocilia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inner hair cells: how many rows? Stereocilia in what shape? Any kinocilia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do pillar cells do? Why are they stiff? |
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Definition
| Act as a fulcrum for the movement of the tectorial membrane, they have a high content of microtubules |
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Term
| The stereocilia of the outer and inner hair cells are embedded in the ______. Sheer stresses cause them to _____. |
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Definition
| tectorial membrane, depolarize. |
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Term
| Tonotopic deflection of the _________ membrane causes it to move relative to the ________ membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic exposure to loud sounds of certain frequencies can lead to... |
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Definition
| hearing loss by damaging the hair cells at those frequencies, they do not regenerate |
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