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Head and Neck - anterior triangle
Anatomy of the head and neck
27
Health Care
Professional
10/10/2010

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Cards

Term
What level is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
Definition
2nd - 4th tracheal rings
Term
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Definition
Anterior border sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly
Inferior border of the mandible superiorly
Median plane from the hyoid bone to the top of suprasternal notch
The roof is formed by superficial fascia & the platysma muscle
The floor is formed by fascia covering the pharynx, larynx & thyroid gland
Term
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle, and the innervations of the muscular boundaries?
Definition
Superiorly – inferior border of mandible
Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle – innervated by CN VII
Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle – innervated by a twig from the mylohyoid nerve
Floor – mylohyoid & hyoglossus muscles
Mylohyoid muscle innervated by the mylohyoid nerve
Hyoglossus muscle innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
Term
What is the gland found in the submandibular triangle?
Definition
Submandibular!
Term
The mylohyoid nerve lies on the superficial surface of which muscle?
Definition
mylohyoid
Term
Which nerve lies on the superficial surface of hyoglossus, deep to mylohyoid?
Definition
Hypoglossus
Term
The submandibular duct passes deep to the lingual nerve to open by...
Definition
1-3 orifices on the sublingual papilla (Wharton's duct)
Term
What are the boundaries and what forms the floor of the superior carotid triangle?
Definition
Boundaries are the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle & the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor is formed by parts of the thyrohyoid, hyoglossus &, inferior & middle constrictor muscles
Term
What are the contents of the superior carotid triangle?
Definition
Contents are the carotid sheath that contains the common carotid artery & its branches, internal jugular vein & its tributaries, vagus nerve, external carotid artery & some of its branches, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) & roots of ansa cervicalis – there is some disagreement between authors on contents
Term
The hypoglossal nerve traverses which two triangles?
Definition
Submandibular/digastric and superior carotid
Term
What are the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve, and what do they do?
Definition
Nerves to the larynx are the external & internal laryngeal nerves, branches of the superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of vagus (CN X)

The external, innervates the cricothyroid muscle

The internal, supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucous membrane superior to the vocal folds

The inferior laryngeal nerve is the terminal continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve & innervates remaining intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Term
What is the carotid sinus and its innervation?
Definition
The carotid sinus is a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure – it is primarily innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the carotid sinus nerve & also receives innervation from the vagus nerve (CN X)
Term
What is the carotid body, and what is its innervation?
Definition
The carotid body is a mass located on the deep side of the bifurcation near the carotid sinus that is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood - it is stimulated by low levels of oxygen – it too is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the carotid sinus nerve & also the vagus (CN X)
Term
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Definition
Apex – symphysis menti
Base – hyoid bone
Side – anterior belly of digastric muscle
Floor – one half of the mylohyoid muscle – the 2 halves of the muscles unite in the midline by a fibrous raphe
Term
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Definition
submental lymph nodes & small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
Term
What are the boundaries of the muscular (inferior) carotid triangle?
Definition
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Anterior border sternocleidomastoid muscle
Median plane from the hyoid bone to the top of suprasternal notch
Term
What are the visceral contents of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle?
Definition
thyroid and parathyroid
Term
What are the muscular contents of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle?
Definition
Infrahyoid muscles - sternohyoid and sternothyroid
Term
What does the superficial venous drainage of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle?
Definition
External jugular - receives many tributaries as it descents, and anterior jugular
Term
What are the infrahyoid/strap muscles?
Definition
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Inferior belly
Superior belly
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Term
What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
Definition
Anterior rami of spinal nerves via ansa cervicalis
Term
What vein lies in the midline of the neck, drains into brachiocephalic, and can sometimes have a twin (so care must be taken during procedures)?
Definition
inferior thyroid vein
Term
There are usually __ parathyroids.
Definition
4
Term
What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland? Venous drainage?
Definition
Superior and middle thyroid arteries, superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
Term
Which thyroid veins usually empty right into brachiocephalic?
Definition
Inferior thyroid veins
Term
What nerves can be damaged during thyroidectomy? What do you want to LEAVE in your patient? Why?
Definition
Recurrant laryngeals, parathyroids, avoid tetany
Term
What lymph nodes drain the thyroid?
Definition
superior and inferior deep cervical, prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal
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