Term
| What level is the isthmus of the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle? |
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Definition
Anterior border sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly
Inferior border of the mandible superiorly
Median plane from the hyoid bone to the top of suprasternal notch
The roof is formed by superficial fascia & the platysma muscle
The floor is formed by fascia covering the pharynx, larynx & thyroid gland |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle, and the innervations of the muscular boundaries? |
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Definition
Superiorly – inferior border of mandible
Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle – innervated by CN VII
Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle – innervated by a twig from the mylohyoid nerve
Floor – mylohyoid & hyoglossus muscles
Mylohyoid muscle innervated by the mylohyoid nerve
Hyoglossus muscle innervated by the hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
| What is the gland found in the submandibular triangle? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mylohyoid nerve lies on the superficial surface of which muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve lies on the superficial surface of hyoglossus, deep to mylohyoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| The submandibular duct passes deep to the lingual nerve to open by... |
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Definition
| 1-3 orifices on the sublingual papilla (Wharton's duct) |
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Term
| What are the boundaries and what forms the floor of the superior carotid triangle? |
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Definition
Boundaries are the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle & the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor is formed by parts of the thyrohyoid, hyoglossus &, inferior & middle constrictor muscles |
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Term
| What are the contents of the superior carotid triangle? |
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Definition
| Contents are the carotid sheath that contains the common carotid artery & its branches, internal jugular vein & its tributaries, vagus nerve, external carotid artery & some of its branches, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) & roots of ansa cervicalis – there is some disagreement between authors on contents |
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Term
| The hypoglossal nerve traverses which two triangles? |
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Definition
| Submandibular/digastric and superior carotid |
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Term
| What are the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve, and what do they do? |
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Definition
Nerves to the larynx are the external & internal laryngeal nerves, branches of the superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of vagus (CN X)
The external, innervates the cricothyroid muscle
The internal, supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucous membrane superior to the vocal folds
The inferior laryngeal nerve is the terminal continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve & innervates remaining intrinsic muscles of the larynx |
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Term
| What is the carotid sinus and its innervation? |
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Definition
| The carotid sinus is a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure – it is primarily innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the carotid sinus nerve & also receives innervation from the vagus nerve (CN X) |
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Term
| What is the carotid body, and what is its innervation? |
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Definition
| The carotid body is a mass located on the deep side of the bifurcation near the carotid sinus that is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood - it is stimulated by low levels of oxygen – it too is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the carotid sinus nerve & also the vagus (CN X) |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the submental triangle? |
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Definition
Apex – symphysis menti
Base – hyoid bone
Side – anterior belly of digastric muscle
Floor – one half of the mylohyoid muscle – the 2 halves of the muscles unite in the midline by a fibrous raphe |
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Term
| What are the contents of the submental triangle? |
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Definition
| submental lymph nodes & small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the muscular (inferior) carotid triangle? |
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Definition
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Anterior border sternocleidomastoid muscle
Median plane from the hyoid bone to the top of suprasternal notch |
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Term
| What are the visceral contents of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the muscular contents of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle? |
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Definition
| Infrahyoid muscles - sternohyoid and sternothyroid |
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Term
| What does the superficial venous drainage of the muscular (inferior carotid) triangle? |
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Definition
| External jugular - receives many tributaries as it descents, and anterior jugular |
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Term
| What are the infrahyoid/strap muscles? |
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Definition
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Inferior belly
Superior belly
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid |
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Term
| What innervates the infrahyoid muscles? |
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Definition
| Anterior rami of spinal nerves via ansa cervicalis |
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Term
| What vein lies in the midline of the neck, drains into brachiocephalic, and can sometimes have a twin (so care must be taken during procedures)? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are usually __ parathyroids. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland? Venous drainage? |
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Definition
| Superior and middle thyroid arteries, superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins |
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Term
| Which thyroid veins usually empty right into brachiocephalic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerves can be damaged during thyroidectomy? What do you want to LEAVE in your patient? Why? |
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Definition
| Recurrant laryngeals, parathyroids, avoid tetany |
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Term
| What lymph nodes drain the thyroid? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior deep cervical, prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal |
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