Term
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Definition
- Origin: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
- Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula near superior angle
- Innervation: Cervical nerves C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
- Action: Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1
- Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula
- Action: Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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Term
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Definition
- Insertion: Clavicle (inferior border)
- Action: Depresses and protracts shoulder
- Innervation: Nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: Clavicle and scapula
- Action: May elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward
- Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI) and cervical spinal nerves (C3-C4)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-1, and thoracolumbar fascia
- Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
- Action: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
- Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C5-C8)
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Term
| Anterior belly of digastric |
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Definition
- Origin: From inferior surface of mandible at chin
- Action: Depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
- Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V), mandibular branch
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Term
| Posterior belly of digastric |
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Definition
- Origin: From mastoid region of temporal bone
- Action: Depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Medial surface of mandible at chin
- Action: Depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx and retracts hyoid bone
- Innervation: Cervical nerve C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
- Insertion: Median connective tissue (raphe)
- Action: Elevates floor of mouth, elevates hyoid bone, and/or depresses mandible
- Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V), mandibular branch
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Term
| Omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies) |
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Definition
- Origin: Superior border of the scapula near the scapular notch
- Action: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves C2-C3
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Clavicle and manubrium
- Action: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves C1-C3
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Dorsal surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
- Insertion: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
- Action: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves C1-C3
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
- Action: Elevates larynx, depresses hyoid bone
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves C1-C2 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Attaches to sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
- Insertion: Mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
- Action: Flex the neck or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side
- Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI) and cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3) of cervical plexus
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Medial surface of mandible around chin
- Insertion: Body of tongue, hyoid bone
- Action: Depresses and protracts tongue
- Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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Term
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Definition
- Insertin: Lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
- Action: Elevates mandible and closes jaw
- Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V), mandibular branch
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Along temporal lines of skull
- Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
- Action: Elevates mandible and closes jaws
- Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V), mandibular branch
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
- Insertion: Blends into fibers of orbicularis oris
- Action: Compresses cheeks
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
| Depressor labii inferioris |
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Definition
- Origin: Mandible between the anterior midline and the mental foramen
- Insertion: Skin of lower lip
- Action: Depresses lower lip
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Inferior margin of orbit, superior to the infraorbital foramen
- Insertion: Orbicularis oris
- Action: Elevates upper lip
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible
- Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Maxilla and mandible
- Action: Compresses, purses lips
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Fascia surrounding parotid salivary gland
- Insertion: Angle of mouth
- Action: Draws corner of mouth to the side
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Anterolateral surface of mandibular body
- Insertion: Skin at angle of mouth
- Action: Depresses corner of mouth
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
| Zygomaticus major and minor |
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Definition
- Insertion: Angle of mouth/ Upper lip
- Action: Retracts and elevates corner of mouth/ upper lip
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Orbital rim of frontal bone near frontonasal suture
- Action: Pulls skin inferiorly and anteriorl; wrinkles brow
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
| Levator palpebrae superioris |
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Definition
- Origin: Tendinous band around optic foramen
- Action: Elevates upper eyelid
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Medial margin of orbit
- Insertion: Skin around eyelids
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilages
- Insertion: Aponeurosis at bridge of nose and skin of forehead
- Action: Moves nose, changes position, shape of nostrils
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Maxilla and alar cartilage of nose
- Insertion: Bridge of nose
- Action: Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Superior thorax between cartilage of second rib and acromion of scapula
- Insertion: Mandible and skin of cheek
- Action: Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Sphenoid around optic canal
- Insertion: Inferior, medial surface of eyeball
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Sphenoid around optic canal
- Insertion: Medial surface of eyeball
- Action: Eye looks medially
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Sphenoid around optic canal
- Insertion: Superior surface of eyeball
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Sphenoid around optic canal
- Insertion: Lateral surface of eyeball
- Action: Eye looks laterally
- Innervation: Abducens nerve (CN VI)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Maxilla at anterior portion of orbit
- Insertion: Inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
- Action: Eye rolls, looks up and laterally
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Sphenoid around optic canal
- Insertion: Superior, lateral surface of eyeball
- Action: Eye rolls, looks down and laterally
- Innervation: Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Spinous processes and ligaments connecting inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull
- Action: Extend neck or laterally flex neck to one side
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Term
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Definition
- Insertion: Spinous process of axis and superior thoracic vertebrae
- Action: Extends neck and vertebral column
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae
- Insertion: Transverse proceses of vertebrae and mastoid process
- Action: Extend neck and vertebral column or flex to one side
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Superior border of ribs and crests of lumbar processes
- Insertion: Transverse processes of vertebrae
- Action: Extends neck and vertebral column and stabilizes thoracic vertebrae
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: Occipital bone, between nuchal lines
- Action: Extend neck or laterally flexes neck and turns head to opposite side
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior |
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Definition
- Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T3 and ligamentum nuchae
- Insertion: Superior borders of ribs 2-5 near angles
- Action: Elevates ribs, enlarges thoracic cavity
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Term
| Serratus posterior inferior |
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Definition
- Origin: Aponeurosis from spinous processes of T10-L3
- Insertion: Inferior borders of ribs 8-12
- Action: Pulls ribs inferiorly; also pulls outward, opposing diaphragm
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae C2-C7
- Insertion: Superior surface of first two ribs
- Action: Elevate ribs and/or flex neck
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves (VPRs)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
- Insertion: Skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
- Action: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Superior nuchal line
- Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
- Action: Tenses and retracts scalp
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin/ Insertion: Circular band in iris surrounding the pupil
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Origin/ Insertion: Radiating out in deep layers of iris from pupil
- Innervation: SYmpathetic from superior cervical ganglion via long and short ciliary nerves
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Term
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Definition
- Origin/ Insertion: Located in ciliary body adjacent to iris and attached to suspensory ligament of lens
- Action: Releases pressure on suspensory ligament of lens
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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Term
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Definition
- Insertion: Septum and ala of nose
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla
- Insertion: Corner of mouth
- Action: Lifts corner of mouth
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch
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Term
| Levator labii superioris alaque nasi |
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Definition
- Origin: Maxilla, frontal process
- Insertion: Upper lip and alar cartilage
- Action: Dilates nares and elevates upper lip
- Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch
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Term
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Definition
- Origin: Arch of the cricoid cartilage
- Insertion: Lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
- Action: Tenses vocal cord
- Innervation: External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior major |
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Definition
- Origin: Spine of the axis
- Insertion: Below and on the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
- Action: Draws the head back and turns the face laterally
- Innervation: Dorsal primary ramus of suboccipital nerve (C1)
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior minor |
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Definition
- Origin: Tubercle of the posterior arch of the atlas
- Insertion: Above superior lip of foramen magnum to inferior nuchal line
- Action: Pulls head directly posteriorly
- Innervation: Dorsal primary ramus of suboccipital nerve (C1)
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