Term
| What is the most common cause of maxillofacial trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the face receives it blood supply |
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Definition
| from the branches of internal and external carotid arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin. |
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Term
| What is the most commonly broken bone of the face |
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Definition
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Term
| What S&S would you see with an anterior dislocation of the mandible |
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Definition
| jaw lock in an open position |
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Term
| What bones are in the lower third of the face |
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Definition
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Term
| What bones are in the middle third of the face |
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Definition
| maxilla, xygoma, floor of the orbit and nose |
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Term
| What is a Le Fort 1 fracture |
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Definition
| fracture involves the maxilla up to the level of the nasal fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| nasal bones and medial orbits and is generally shaped like a pyramid |
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Term
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Definition
| craniofacial dislocation and involves all bones of the face |
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Term
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Definition
| Its a lengthening of the face because of multiple fx |
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Term
| another term for the cheek bone |
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Definition
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Term
| what is S&S for a zygomatic fx |
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Definition
| flatness in the cheek area, numbness of the cheek, nose and upper lip |
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Term
| This is the weakest part of the orbital structure |
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Definition
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Term
| this fx happens when an object of greater diameter than that of the bony orbital rim strikes the globe of the eye and surrounding soft tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best way to control epistaxis |
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Definition
| have the patient lean forward while compressing the nares |
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Term
| Another term for the outer rim of the ear |
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Definition
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Term
| how long should you allow irrigation fluid to sit in the ear |
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Definition
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Term
| This is an injury to the middle ear caused by changes in barometric pressure great enough to produce inflmmation and injury |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure (Think of boiling water boils at different temps at different altitudes) |
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Term
| What maneuver is used to equalized the pressure in the middle ear |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of a portion of the visual field possibly indicates this |
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Definition
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Term
| What is normally the first step in examination of the patients eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| damage to this muscle is a common cause for an abnormal pupil response |
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Definition
| pupillary sphincter muscle |
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Term
| what are some uncommon reasons for abnormal pupil response |
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Definition
| damage to the optic nerve or globe and sometimes tearing |
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Term
| What cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the involuntary eye muscles of the eye |
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Definition
| the iris and the ciliary muscle |
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Term
| what part of the nervous system controls eye muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| if a foreign body in the eye is suspected how do you inspect the eye |
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Definition
| inspect the inner parts of the upper and lower eye lid and the conjunctiva |
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Term
| what is a type of ophthalmic anesthetic |
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Definition
|
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Term
| corneal abrasions commonly result from this foreign body |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you prevent further injury of a suspected corneal abrasion |
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Definition
| cover both eyes to prevent eye movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| bleeding into the anterior chamber |
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|
Term
| when both eyes move in the same direction it called _____ movement |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should you irrigate they eyes after a chemical spash |
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Definition
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Term
| when should paramedic remove contact lenses |
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Definition
| as a general rule they should not unless its a chemical burn |
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Term
| what is the normal amount of teeth |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the section to the tooth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hard tissues of the tooth |
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Definition
| enamel, dentin (ivory) and cementum |
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Term
| Permanent teeth have a good rate of survival if replanted within this time frame |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| they are milk teeth or baby teeth |
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Term
| When might med control ask you to replant the toot into the socket |
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Definition
| when the tooth has been out less than 15 min |
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Term
| What solution is used to save teeth |
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Definition
| Hanks solution or whole milk |
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|
Term
| Can you us sterile saline for tooth storage |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the tooth is critical for the survival of the re implanted tooth |
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Definition
| the fibrous tissue of the periodontal ligament |
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|
Term
| where is zone one of the neck |
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Definition
| sternal notch to the top of the clavicles or cricoid carilage |
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|
Term
| Injuries to this neck zone carries the highest mortality rate |
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Definition
| zone 1 because of the major vessels that lie below the area |
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Term
|
Definition
| clavicles or cricoid cartilage to the angle of the mandible |
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|
Term
| injuries in this neck zone are the most common |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the nekc above the angle of the mandible |
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|
Term
| What major structures lie in zonee II |
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Definition
| carotid artery, jugular vein, trachea, larynx, esophagus and cervical spine |
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Term
| What is the benefit of intubation for a patient with a damaged neck other than oxygenation |
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Definition
| it stabilizes damaged areas of the neck and protect the neck |
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|
Term
| This is the most commonly injured structure in the neck |
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Definition
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|
Term
| when can you use hemostats in the prehospital setting |
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Definition
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Term
| If you suspect an air embolism how should you position the patient |
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Definition
| patient should be on the left side with head lower than the feet |
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Term
|
Definition
| gastric contents released into the thoracic cavity |
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|
Term
| Are esophageal injuries easy to diagnose? |
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Definition
| No because they are commonly looked over because of other obvious injuries |
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|
Term
| What are S&S of esophageal injury |
|
Definition
| subcutaneous emphysema, neck hematoma, bleeding fro the mouth and nose |
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|
Term
| Patients suspected of an esophageal tear should be placed into this position |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most common scalp injury |
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Definition
| irregular linear laceration |
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|
Term
| If not contraindicated by injury, how should the paramedic position head soft tissue injury patients |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common skull fx |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you see a patient with a basilar skull fx |
|
Definition
| after major impact trauma |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ecchymosis of one or both orbits |
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|
Term
| What type of fx causes raccoon eyes |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fx causes battles signs |
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Definition
| fracture of the temporal bone |
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|
Term
| Is battles sign and raccons eyes an early or late sign |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve is commonly damaged with a basal skull fx |
|
Definition
| olfactory nerve- loss of smell or impairment of taste |
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|
Term
| What normally causes depressed skull fx |
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Definition
| small object at a high rate of speed |
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|
Term
| What illness is associated with open vault fx |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The opening in the skull where the 12 cranial nerves leave the skull |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a primary brain injury |
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Definition
| refers to direct rauma to the brain and to the associated vascular injuries that occurred from the initial injury |
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|
Term
| What is a secondary brain injury |
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Definition
| result from intracellular and extracellur derangement that probably were initiated at time of the injury |
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|
Term
| What is an example of a secondary brain injury |
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Definition
| hypoxia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia from airway compromise resulting from the trauma |
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|
Term
| This is a fully reversible brain injury that does not result in structural damage to the brain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the major S&S associated with concussion |
|
Definition
| altered level of consciousness that usually lasts less than 5 min |
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|
Term
| altered level of consciousness from a concussion is a disturbance to this part of the brain |
|
Definition
| reticular activating system |
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|
Term
| what is retrograde amnesia |
|
Definition
| no recall of the events befor the injury |
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|
Term
| what is antegrade amnesia |
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Definition
| amnesia that exists after the recovery of consciousness |
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|
Term
| when does a concussion injury most severely affect the patient |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this brain injury is a result in minute petechial bruising of brain tissue |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what phobia do brain injury patients often have |
|
Definition
| photophobic- fear of bright lights |
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|
Term
| what is the most severest form of brain injury |
|
Definition
| Diffuse axonal injury- DAI |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| acceleration and deceleration forces tear and shear axonal nerves |
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|
Term
| The brain occupies this percentage of intacranial space |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the four areas of the brain |
|
Definition
| brainstem, diencephalon, cerebrum and the cerebellum |
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|
Term
| the medulla, pons and midbrain are in this area of the brain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The thalamus and hypothalamus are in this area of the brain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What area of the brain is most often contused |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Brain tissue that is injured at the site of impact |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| brain tissue injured on the opposite side of impact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Headache, nausea, vomiting and seizures associated with head trauma are caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a intraparenchymal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| bleeding directly into the brain tissue |
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|
Term
| what is the glucose and o2 requirement of the brain |
|
Definition
| 20% of o2 and 25% of total body glucose |
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|
Term
| What is the normal mean arterial pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the critical minimum threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when CPP decreases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ideal systolic blood pressure to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has the greatest effect on intracerebral vascular diameter and resistance |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| This hematoma is associated with a laceration or tear of the middle meningeal artery |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what brain bleed has a lucid interval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the suffix frank mean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this refers to intracrainial bleeding into the CSF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Patients with this brain bleed often complain of a sudden and sever headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cerebral hematoma |
|
Definition
| bleeding into the brain tissue |
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|
Term
| What GCS score is associated with intubation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can you administer D 50 to patients with head injuries |
|
Definition
| when hypoglycemia is confirmed |
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|
Term
| This is the most common cause of death in pediatric trauma patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medical conditions often result from a myocardial contusion |
|
Definition
| cardiac rupture, traumatic myocardial infarction, ventricular aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of a myocardial contusion |
|
Definition
| ecg abnormalities, new cardiac murmur, pericardial friction rub, persistent tachycardia and palpitations |
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|
Term
| What do myocardial contusion patients often complain of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This degree of sprain has no joint instability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This degree of sprain has swelling and bruising |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This degree of sprain is when the ligaments are completely torn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two different joint dislocations |
|
Definition
luxation- complete
subluxation- incomplete dislocation |
|
|
Term
| This is inflammation of a small fluid filled sac taht acts as a cushion at the pressure point near joints |
|
Definition
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