Term
| What % of deaths in middle-aged Americans are due to cardiovascular disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Silent Killer Signs of Cardiovasular Disease? (3) |
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Definition
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
Atherosclerosis (build-up of plaque in coronary arteries) |
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Term
| Symptoms of cardiovasular disease? (What is the #1 Symptom?) |
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Definition
Heart Attack (#1!)
Angia Pectoris (pain in chest)
Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) |
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Term
| How many die of heart attacks before reaching the hospital? (Hint: %) |
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Definition
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Term
PHYSICAL CHANGES: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Vision (2) |
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Definition
Accomodation of the eye- ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina (sharp decline between 40-59; leads to difficulty viewing close objects)
Size of pupil shrinks and lens yellows- limits ability to see in dim light and color discrimination |
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Term
PHYSICAL CHANGES: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Hearing (3) |
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Definition
Estimated 14% of American adults between ages 45-64 have hearing loss (sometimes heredity; age-related declines)
Typically starts with loss at high frequencies
MENS hearing declines earlier (30s) and at a faster rate than womens (50s) |
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Term
PHYSICAL CHANGES: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Weight and Body Dimensions-
Middle-Aged Spread
(3)
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Definition
Slowed metabolism
Increase in body fat and loss of lean body mass
Affects torso mostly
- Women get a rounder figure: weight goes to waist
- Men in upper back and upper abdomen |
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Term
PHYSICAL CHANGES: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Weight and Body Dimensions-
Bone Mass and Density
(2)
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Definition
Gradual loss in bone mass and density makes bones weaker
Begins in late 30s and accelerates in 50s (esp. in women) |
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Term
PHYSICAL CHANGES: MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Weight and Body Dimensions-
Height
(2) |
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Definition
Disks in spinal column move closer
Shrinkage in height averages about 1/2 inch every decade |
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Term
CHANGES IN REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONING:
Climacteric-
Definition?
Nature of Climacteric?
Concludes with?
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Definition
Midlife transition in which fertility declines
Gradual changes over 10 year period (perimenopause); drop in production of estrogen; cycles become shorter and irregular
Menopauge- the cessation of menstration and of reproductive capactiy |
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Term
MENOPAUSE:
Timing
When does it typically begin?
Key factor in timing?
What also affects timing?
NOT affected by? |
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Definition
Typicall between 50-55 (52 is average)
GENETICS as a key factor
Lifestyles also affect timing (smoking linked to earlier onset)
NOT affected by age at first period, race, height, or number of children |
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Term
MENOPAUSE:
Hormonal Changes?
[Physical] |
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Definition
Reduction in female sex hormones leads to decreased skin elasticity and loss of calcium in bones
Hot flashes; night sweats; weight gain; headaches; muscular fatigue; strain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT):
2 types? |
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Definition
1. Estrogen only= for women who have had hysterectomy
2. Estrogen + Progestin= for women with an intact uterus |
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Term
| What is HRT believed to do? |
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Definition
| reduce risks of heart disease and osteoporosis and relieve some symptoms |
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Term
| Early evidence to support benefits of HRT: |
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Definition
| hormone regimen is associated with reduced "bad" cholesterol and increased "good" cholesterol |
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Term
WOMENS HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI):
What was it? |
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Definition
| a large, randomized clinical trial supported by the National Institues of Health |
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Term
What were the finding of WHI?
(3) |
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Definition
(compared with women taking the placebo, after 5 years):
- increase in breast cancer
- increase in strokes
- increase in heart attacks |
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Term
What were some concerns with WHI?
(3) |
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Definition
Were the results accurately reported?
There were no differences in number of deaths
There was substantial benefirts for some women |
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Term
| Why did both WHI studies fail? |
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Definition
Study 1: stopped early because the risks outweighed the benefits
Study 2: also eventually asked to stop |
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