Term
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Definition
A catterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of ___________ development. Also an example of stage theory. Since things happen in stages.
-Concrete operational, able to mix repeat, stop, and with trial and error. |
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| The ___________ perspective is the idea that infants come into the world with only minimal capabilities, primarily the ability to associate experience with each other. Therefore, infants must acquire virtually all capacities and concepts through learning. Also believe in continuous learning. |
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| Jean Piaget has a _________ perspective. Suggesting that infants are born possessing not only these associative capabilities but also several important perceptual and motor capabilities. Believes in stage theory. |
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Definition
| Innate factors, biological endowment, and genes from our parents are an example of _______. |
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| Learning and environment, friends, school, neighborhood and prenatal environment is an example of ________. |
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| Piaget's Mechanism of Change. This process is through which people represent experiences in terms of their existing understanding. For example, a baby using a motorcycle after learning a bike. |
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| Piaget's mechanism of change. Where people's understanding is altered by a new knowledge, and attempts to modify or create a new concept. |
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| When balancing assimilation and accommodation to create a stable understanding of the world is called ______. Pattern goes - EDE |
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Definition
| Executing mental processes efficiently so that they require less and less attention is called _________. |
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| Identifying the most informative features of objects and events and using those features to form internal representation of the objects and events is called ________. Rates of habituation at 7 months correlated to IQ at 7. |
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| When knowledge is extended in one context to another is called _______. |
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Definition
| The generation of discovery of a new procedure for solving a problem is called ______. |
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Definition
| The belief that there is different cognitive faculties that work specifically. Like young infants being sensitive to predictable irregularities in movement of objects. This is called ________. |
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| The idea that cognitive maturation occurs across different domains of knowledge. Or a function of the body that is used for multiple tasks is called _______. |
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| Tests language, memory, reasoning and problem solving is called the ________. |
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| Assumed that not all children of a given age think and reason at the same level. |
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| The _________ reflects the time since the child was born. |
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| Development that occurs gradually is called ______. This is an associationists thought because discontinuous is stage theory. |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 1 |
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Definition
0-1 month
-Modification of reflexes
-Sucking, close fingers, turn to notice
-Development: change grasp for new objects |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 2 |
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Definition
1-4 months
-Primary circular reactions
=Inadvertent action -> effect? then repeat
-Coordinate reflexes: grasp + suck object |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 3 |
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Definition
4-8 months
-Secondary circular reactions
-Act on environment and repeat: rattle
NO OBJECT PERMANENCE! Ball would roll away. |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 4 |
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Definition
8-12 months
-Coordinate secondary circular reaction
-Move blanket and grab toy, so they have gained object permanence
-Can search for hidden objects but fail A not B test. |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 5 |
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Definition
12-18 months
-Tertiary circular reactions
-Deliberately looking for new ways to interact
-Dropping objects from high chair, shopping cart |
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Term
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 years)
Substage 6 |
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Definition
18-24 months
-Beginnings of representational thought
-Deferred imitation (repeat behavior after delay)
-Matchbox to open, he/she communicates with mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
2-6/7 years
-Has symbolic thought.
-Growth in language and pretend play.
-But there is egocentrism and centration. |
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Term
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Definition
This women believed infants less than __ months does not lack object permanence, but because of the lack of coordinate actions.
Experiment was 3.5 to 4.5 year old infants. Screen rotated 180, and children looked reliably longer at the impossible event with box behind the screen but still went past. |
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Term
| Concrete Operational Stage |
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Definition
6/7 to 11/12 years
-Can take multiple perspectives
-Represent and reason about change
Lacks:
-Abstract reasoning
-Problems reasoning hypothetically
-Lack abstract scientific reasoning, concepts. |
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Term
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Definition
11/12 years+
-Abstract thinking and reasoning hypothetically
-Not everyone reaches this stage consistently
-Alternate possible realities
-Systematic planning & problem solving.
-Able to randomly mix, repeat, stop when yellow color is formed. |
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Term
| Information Processing vs. Piaget |
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Definition
Same- Fundamental questions about development & mechanisms
Different- IP gives more weight to limitations & strategies, more precise, role of experience, often involved detailed analyses of single tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fleeting retention of sights, and sounds is called _____ memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Active thinking occurs, info sensory & long term memory together with the capacity of chunks of 3-7 units, while the limits of 15-30 seconds is called, _______ memory. |
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Term
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Definition
No limits to amount or length of retention
has 3 types
-Episodic
-Semantic (Facts)
-Procedural (How to do) |
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Term
| Case Neo-Piagetian Theory |
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Definition
1. Sensorimotor: Sensory input - physical action
2. Representational: Internal images - actions produce images
3. Logical: Abstract reps: act with simple transformations
4. Fromal: Abstract reps: act with complex transformation
Age 6 - 1 dimension focus
Age 8 - 2 dimensions focus
Focus on increase in efficiency through automatization and biological maturation. |
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Term
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Definition
Cognitive development occurs in social interaction
-Can't separate social environment from individual
-Culture affects learning
-Development is not independent process.
-Importance of social interaction |
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Term
| Zone of proximal development |
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Definition
| The distance between what the child can do by itself and what it can do with the help of an adult or more advanced peer is called ________ development. |
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Term
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Definition
The shared understanding among participants that results from mutual attention and communication is called _________. Understanding that others have
1. Imitative learning
2. Instructed learning - Trying to learn from their point of view. Fishing, teacher.
3. Collaborative learning - Google docs.
beliefs/intentions/desires/goals |
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Term
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Definition
| Older babies 19 months old did not grab but pointed and looked for approval, socially shared process meant for communication. |
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Term
| Internalization of socially shared process |
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Definition
Cognitive function occur twice
1. Intermental level: between social partners
2. Intramental level: within individual, gradually can perform tasks on their own. |
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Definition
| Providing support to a child that allows them to extend the range of their activities they normally wouldn't be able to do is called _________. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Believes that perceptual abilities are essential to survival and are built into the infant. |
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Term
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Definition
At birth vision is __/___.
8 months it's ___/____.
2 years it is adult. |
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Term
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Definition
-6 months infants can discriminate individuals and monkey faces.
-9 months they can't tell the difference with monkey faces, just humans. Unless trained.
-Babies 12-36 hours after birth prefer mom's face.
-Like face like shapes and symmetrical faces.
-Contrast of eyes and top heavy. |
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Term
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Definition
1 month, prefers perimeter
2 months, both perimeters and interior of shapes |
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Term
| Biological motion scanning |
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Definition
2 days old, prefers biological motion
3 months old, discriminate run vs. walk
5 months old, detects limbs out of sync |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 months old, parts moving together means they are moving as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
6-7 months babies can use cues without motion.
Bigger = closer
Texture = closer
Converging lines |
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Term
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Definition
| Overlapping fields of vision from both eyes. Disparity cues the location, and develops 4 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to perceive depth based solely on binocular cues is called __________. |
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Term
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Definition
Prenatal hearing: Measured with heart rate change.
30 weeks gestational age detects white noise. 36-40 weeks gestational age can discriminate /i/.
6 months can hear close to adults. |
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Term
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Definition
Prefers speech like sound, their name, and native language.
Cat in the Hat example. |
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Term
| High amplitude sucking procedure |
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Definition
| Sucking higher when stimulated with something new. |
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Term
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Definition
| Children witht hem increase interest in objects at an earlier age. Helped with more sophisticated learning. |
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Term
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Definition
Infants look toward sound. U shaped function
Initial localization is subcortical (basic, like other mammals)
Later is cortical (More complex) |
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Term
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Definition
Kaye and Bower 1994
Newborns sucked on pacifiers they weren't allowed to see, knew which one they sucked on.
2 months, they matched shape of mouth and vowel sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| 18 months old associate a novel word with an object after a short exposure, using the eye gaze of the experimenter. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Seemingly understands new words, however, we don't know if it was just, "get it" or get that thing. It's the only thing not there. |
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