Term
What kind of bacteria is staphylococcus aureus?
How is it dealt with by the body? |
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Definition
- Gram-positive
- must be opsonized via complement + antigen binding |
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Term
Neisseria meningitidus:
What kind of bacteria is this?
How is it dealt with by the body? |
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Definition
- extracellular grahm negative bacteria
- opsonization/phagocytosis via antibody/complement
- lysis by membrane attack complex |
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Term
What to test if you suspect staphalococcus meningitidus?
What would you look for? |
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Definition
CSF
- look for neutrophils |
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Term
What type of bacteria is streptococcus pneumoniae?
how must it be dealt with by the immune system? |
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Definition
- gram positive extracellular bacteria
- must be opsonized/phagocytized, after dealing with anit-phagocytic polysaccaride coat |
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Term
| what must be vaccinated against in streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
| - anti-phagocytic polysaccaride coat |
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Term
what type of bacteria is mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- how must it be dealt with by the immune system |
|
Definition
- intracellular micro bacteria
- TIMMI/Th1 response to destroy fused macrophage tubercles |
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Term
| Two major defense mechansims against visues? |
|
Definition
- virus specific cytotoxic lymphocytes
- virus specific antibodies |
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Term
| First two simultaneous things that happen with infection? |
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Definition
1) complement activation -> recruitment of neutrophils
2) monocytes and langerhans in skin engulf antigen and take it to lymphoid tissue for presentation |
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Term
how long does it take for presence of detectable IgM?
how long does it take for presence of detectable IgG? |
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Definition
IgM = 3-4 days
IgG = 5-7 days |
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Term
| Two things that antibody+complement can target? |
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Definition
1) virally infected cell
2) surface antigen of microorgansim |
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Term
what does the tetanus vaccine target?
what form is it? |
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Definition
- gives immunity to tetanus toxin, not the bacteria
- toxoid, chemical modification of the toxin that gives immunity without infecting the individual |
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Term
| How does body deal with schistosoma mansoni? |
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Definition
| - parasite: IgE binds then eosinophils bind IgE with their Fc receptors and destroy |
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Term
| Three steps for body to deal with bacteria and protozoa? |
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Definition
1) activate T cells
2) produce Th1 cytokines
3) activate macrophages |
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Term
INF-alpha
Source
Target
Effect
|
|
Definition
Source: leukocytes
Target: virally infected cells
Effect: block viral repliaction |
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Term
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Definition
Source: Fibroblasts
Target: virally infected cells
Effect: block viral replication |
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Term
INF-gamma
Source
Target
Effect |
|
Definition
Source: T-lymphocytes
Target: Macrophages/APC's
Effect: activation of macrophages (MHC I and II) |
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Term
| Two enzymes activated by interferons? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Function of the synthetase that is activated by interferons? |
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Definition
| - synthetase catalyzes polymerization of adenine nucleotides which promotes mRNA degradation = decrease in viral mRNA. |
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Term
| Function of kinase that is activated by interferons? |
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Definition
| - phosphorylates and deactivates EIF-2 which is an initiation factor involved in protein synthesis = decrease in viral protein creation. |
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Term
| how does the immune system deal with candida albicans? |
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Definition
- activation of Th1 or Th17
- phagocytosis |
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