Term
Stem cells - definition
1) cell stage
2) two types
3) what can they do? |
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Definition
| non-proliferating (G0 stage) epithelial or mesenchymal cells that can be induced to undergo constituative proliferation in response to developmental or injury/repair signals |
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Term
What are the progeny of stem cells called?
Two options for them |
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Definition
1) daughter
2) either exact copies of themeselves (self-renewal) or fated to begin differentiation into more lineage restricted progenitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| - most immature stem cells that allows them to give rise to all the somatic cell types of the organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| - stem cells that are embryonic and can recreate entire embryo |
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Term
Multipotent
- what are they more restricted than?
- what are they able to give rise to |
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Definition
- more restricted stem cell than pluripotent
- have the potential to give rise to al cell types of the tissue or organ |
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Term
Progenitor
- what is it the descendent of
- what is it able to do?
- example |
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Definition
- descendent of multipotent stem cell
- even more lineage potential compared to its parent
- can give rise to more than one type of white blood cell |
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Term
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Definition
- irreversitlbe acquisition of cellular traits characteristic of a single linearge
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Term
Differentiation (definition)
Two things it depends on |
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Definition
- Acquisition of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of mature tissue specific cell types
1) growth factors
2) extracellular matrix interactions |
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Term
| Three possibilities for stem cells in blood islands of an embryo's yolk sac at 2-weeks of development |
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Definition
1) hematopoietic - blood making
2) angiogenic - sprouting of pre-exisiting blood vessels
3) vasculogenic - blood vessel making
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Term
Adult bone marrow cells
-type
- percentage of all bone marrow cells |
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Definition
- CD34+ (VEGF receptor 2+) cells
- represent .01-.03% of all bone marrow cells |
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Term
CD34+ : bone marrow cells
- what two combinations act on them and what doe these become |
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Definition
1) VEGF: makes them endothelial cells
2) IL 1, IL 3, IL 6 and SCF (stem cell factor): makes them CD34+VEGF2- pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells PHSC |
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Term
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Definition
1) further stimulation with IL 1, IL 3, IL 6 and SCF makes them erythroid/myeloid multipotent cells:
Colony forming cell granulocytic erythroid megakaryocytic monocytic; CFC GEMM
2) if PHSC are incubated with IL-7, they become lymphoid colongy formcing cells: colony forming cell-lymphoid (CFC-LY) |
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Term
| Things CFC GEMM cells can turn into and factor that causes it |
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Definition
1) Erythropoietin -> erythrocyte
2) Thrmobopoietin -> platelet
3) IL 4 -> Basophil
4) IL-5 -> Eosinophil
5) GM-CSF (Granulocyte-monocyte stimulating factor) -> CFC - neutrophil monocyte (three fates) |
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Term
CFC-GEMM's acted on by GM-CSF
Three fates of cells acted on by GM-CSF and what causes |
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Definition
CFC-NM- CFC neutrophil monocyte
1) G-CSF -> neutrophil
2) M-CSF -> Monocyte
3) IL-4, FLt3-ligand -> CFC dendritic cell (first langerhan's cell)
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Term
What are PHSC cells incubated with IL 7?
What three factors can affect them and what do they become?
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Definition
CFC-LY
1) IL 7, 2, 6 -> CFC-T/NK -> T-cell
1) IL 7, 2, 12 -> CFC T/NK -> Natural killer cell
3) IL 7, SCF -> CFC B -> B cell
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Term
| What three factors help an activated B cell mature into a plasma cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Seven things in bone marrow |
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Definition
1) red marrow: developing blood cells and macrophages
2) Yellow marrow: fat cells
3) Stromal cells
4) Type III collagin
5) Sinusoids
6) Megakaryocytes
7) Osteoclasts |
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Term
| Locations of hematopoiesis |
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Definition
| blood islands in yolk sac (2 weeks) -> liver (6 weeks) -> spleen (14-15 weeks) -> bone marrow (6 months) |
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Term
Lineage of red blood cell
Which are progenitor cells?
Which are precursor?
Which are mature? |
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Definition
CFC-GEMM-> CFC erythroid -> proerythroblast -> bosophilic erythrocyte -> Polychromatophilc erythrocyte -> Orthochromatophilic erythrocyte -> Reticulocyte -> Erythrocyte
Progenitor: CFC erythroid
Precursor cell: proerythroblast, basophilic erythrocyte, polychromatophic, orthochromatophilc reticulocyte
Mature cell: erythrocyte |
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Term
| How long does formation of red blood cell take? |
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Definition
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Term
Lineage for eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil
Which are progenitors?
Which are precursors
Which are mature? |
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Definition
CFC GEMM -> CFC - (baso, eosin, neutro) -> Myeloblast -> promyelocyte -> Myelocyte -> Metamyelocyte ->Stab
- Mature baso, eosin or neutrophil
progenitor cells: CFC-basophil, CFC-eosinophil, CFC-neutrophil
precursor cells: Myeloblast, promyeloctye, myelcyte, metamyelocyte, stab
mature cells: basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil |
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