Term
Describe the innate immunse sysetem in terms of:
1) recognition systems (where they come from)
2) response time
3) how discriminate it is
4) how destructive it is
5) ability to "remember" encounters |
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Definition
1) hardwired, germline
2) fast response time
3) somewhat indiscriminate
4) very destructive
5) does not remember encounters |
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Term
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Definition
1) cell damage
2) pathogen |
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Term
What is a PAMP?
What is a DAMP?
What type of receptors recognize these?
What do these activate? |
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Definition
Pathogen associated molecular pattern
Damage associated molecular pattern
TOL-like receptors (TLR)
These activate phagocytotic or killing mechanisms |
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Term
| Two pathways to neutralize a threat? |
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Definition
1) circulating proteins
2) immune effector cells |
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Term
What is the main cell type of the innate immune system?
What are it's two types of cells?
What do these contain? |
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Definition
- Leucocytes
- neutrophils and macrophages
- granules with killer/hydrolic/oxidizing agents |
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Term
| Two types of proteins utilized by the innate system |
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Definition
1) one type binds to mannose-containing structural components of cell walls
2) the other is used to activate effector cells and recruit them to sites of infection |
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Term
| Where are the proteins utilized by the innate system synthesized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecule is used by cells of the innate immune system to communicate with eachother and the adaptive immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe cytokines in terms of:
1) Chemical structure
2) effective concentration
3) types of cells that produce them
4) how their behavior varies |
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Definition
1) two chain protein encoded by a single gene
2) work at low concentrations like hormones
3) many types of cells produce them
4) their action can vary based on the state their target cell is in |
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Term
| Four cardinal characteristics of the adaptive immune system |
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Definition
1) Recognize antigens with very specific receptors
2) can distinguish precisely between self and non-self
3) can clonally expand antigen specific cells after their activation
4) can remember specific encounters |
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Term
| What type of cell is the orchestrator of the adaptive immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are lymphocytes recognized? |
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Definition
| clusters of determination - markers on their cell surface |
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Term
| Small lymphocyte, four characterisitcs |
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Definition
1) has specific antigen receptors
2) communicates with other cells by cytokines
3) clonal proliferation
4) generates a response specific for the occasion
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Term
| Two major subgroups of small lymphocytes and their functions |
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Definition
1) B-cells - differentiate into plasma cells that can produce highly specific antibodies that bind and destroy pathogens by several mechanisms
2) T-cells - helper and killer functions; they can also regulate the immune response by controling cytokine production |
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Term
| What is the effector molecule of the adaptive immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
compare innate and adaptive immune systems in terms of:
Timing
Specificity
Memory |
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Definition
Timing: Innate fast, adaptive slower
Specificity: Innate cells are not antigen specific,
Adaptive cells are antigen specific
Memory: Innate does not remember, adaptive does |
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