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HB 1.1
Glossary Flashcards
20
Biology
Not Applicable
08/28/2026

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Term
Adenine
Definition
base that pairs with thymine in DNA
Term
Antiparallel
Definition
parallel strands in DNA running in opposite directions
Term
Base
Definition
nitrogenous substance that is a component of a DNA nucleotide
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
organelle in which the chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur
Term
Chromosome
Definition
structure that contains the genetic material of an organism encoded into DNA
Term
Cytosine
Definition
base that pairs with guanine in DNA
Term
Deoxyribose
Definition
pentose sugar that is a component of a DNA nucleotide
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule that holds the genetic code in living organisms
Term
Double helix
Definition
three-dimensional shape of a DNA molecule
Term
Eukaryotic
Definition
cell with a discrete nucleus
Term
Guanine
Definition
base that pairs with cytosine in DNA
Term
Hydrogen bond
Definition
weak chemical link joining complementary base pairs in DNA
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
cell organelles in which the aerobic stages of respiration occur
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
component of DNA consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a base
Term
Phosphate
Definition
component of a DNA nucleotide attached to the 5th carbon of the deoxyribose sugar
Term
Plasmid
Definition
circular loop of genetic material found in prokaryotic organisms and some yeasts
Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
cell that has no discrete nucleus
Term
Protein
Definition
large molecule made up from a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Term
Sugar–phosphate backbone
Definition
strongly bonded (backbone) strand of DNA
Term
Thymine
Definition
base that pairs with adenine in DNA
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