Millet- Noonday Rest

-Peasants look comfortable, a city person could look at it and think that they have a nice life.

"Hello Mr. Courbet"- by Courbet (Bonjour Monsieur Courbet)

-He liked to go hiking in the country, he meets two city gentlemen- their clothing indicated their status.

-Hat taking off is a sign of respect.

-Courbet has his head up and one of the men down

-Tension between different classes meeting

-Increasing gap between those who have wealth and those who don't

-Artist has moral superiority

The Women of the Village - Gustave Courbet

-Three city women come across a poor peasant girl, the dog has come along with them

-The dog looks at the cows like he has never seen them before, groomed, lost all connection to nature

-One woman greets and has sympathy for  the little girl, but the other two seem suspicious- shown through body language.

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The Stone Breaker- Courbet

-There was a lot of effort to convey that the clothes are dirty and torn, the hat is tattered

-The hands are rough and dark as if they have been working all of their lives

-Inclusion of the little boy shows that the people are born into this class and there is no social mobility

"Buril at Omans"-Courbet

-Historical paintings would be depicted this way

-This one is not heroic, the people aren't all attractive

-He depicts things to how they truly are, rather than how they would like to be seen

"The Origin of the World"- Courbet

-He depicted this area as he would see it

-Usually artists would show it shaved, but he prefered to show it as it is

"Gare St. Lazare"- Monet

-Depicts a train station in Paris, France

-Industrialization allowed for Paris to become a better city for the people because it improved living conditons

-People could get out of the city and go to a park and go on a picnic

-Sewers were put into the cities

"Bridge at Argenteuil"- Claude Monet

-The painting is half bridge, half riverside

-Shows how it is beautiful with the bridge because it allowed people to live better

"La Grenouire"- Monet

-Frogs were always crocking, there were prostitutes that worked there at night

-You had to be middle to upper class to afforc Monet's paintings but some were put into the newspapers

"Haystacks"- Monet

-He liked to paint haystacks in different seasons and see how the light falls on them

"Dejeuner sur l'herbe"- Manet

-This paitning is harder to enjoy then Monet's paintings, the depicted the same things but in very different ways

-One of the women is nude, we aren't sure if she is a prostitute, she gives us a very confident direct stare

-He attempts to disrupt ease around these activities

-He was a great artist, all of the things were painted very convincingly

-The woman has either shading or dirt under her leg, people saw it as dirt because they assumed she was a prostitute

Manet

-One woman is smoking, another is dancing, one is drinking

-The interpretation is that they must be hookere

-There is a spring break party atmosphere

-Not sure if Manet had a negative or positive view on the subject, but this is part of modern life so he is telling the viewer to deal with it

-He depicts things how they are, not how they were wanted to be seen

"Olympia"-Manet

-Very famous painting, woman gives a direct look at the viewer, one of the questions is who is this woman?

-She is a contemporary woman, she is a prostitute

-She covers her crotch, her feet are dirty

-He gives the people a real nude woman, it was typical to send the woman flowers after sleeping with them-

-This pictures is mirrors "Venus of Urbino" - although it is much different because it is a real woman rather than a fantasized one

-The cat is used because it is the opposite of a dog which represented fidelity

"Bar at the Folies Bergere"- Manet

-Living in a big city but feeling even more alone, the woman doesn't look happy as she stares off into the distance

-We aren't sure if this is a mirror or another scene in the background

-There is a sense of unease because of the uncertainty of the space

-Acording to Iskin- "The man we see in the mirror is propositioning the young woman at the counter"

"...historically specific discourses of mass consumption, the changing roles of women, and the development of the modern crowd/public"

-She dresses to please the bourgeious clientel

-Goods are at the foreground of the painting

-signigfies consumption, meant to attract the customer and consumer

-Foregrounds selling and seduction

"Boating" - Mary Cassat

-A family going on a boating trip, the mother daughter and father

-Mother holds the baby (domestic work) while the father does the rowing which was manual work

-Man and baby look at eachother

-Woman looks like she is slightly smiling, she holds the squirming baby (a woman painter would know that a baby wouldn't sit still)

-Mother also looks at the father which confirms his patriarchal position

"Boating" - Manet

-Shows full view of the man, and side view of the woman-babies don't appear in the male imppresionist paintings

-The woman seems to be decoration, she is the same color as the water, so she blends in

-The don't look at eachother

"Self Portrait" - Mary Cassat

-Mary hated the painting that Degas made of her

-She puts herself in a strong pose and she looks elegant and confident

-Her gaze off into the distance looks consintrated and powerful

"Mother and Child"- Mary Cassatt

A very nurturing image

-Looks almost like the Madonna and Christ

-There is a lot of softness in this image

"Bather" - Degas

-Scene of a woman bathing, many people had pans that they would sponge themeselves on

-The perspective is from above

-The table doesn't allows us to stand where is looks like the viewer would be standing, gives us a sense of uneasiness

-The sponge, her hair, and the pot are all relatively the same color

-She is taking a sponge to where she cut her hair off, she will probably sell it to the wig maker

-This is a very vunerable scene and a private moment

-Hidden face conveys embarassment

"Lydia at the Theater"- Cassatt

-Many of her paintings were in a domestic setting, although some like this one potrayed them in the outside world

-This is Mary's sister, she is seen alone, confident, happy, beautiful, wearing lovely clothes and part of the social scence

"At the Opera" - Mary Cassatt

-This shows an older woman dressed in black and she is watching what is going on, meanwhile a man is looking at her

-The man has another woman in his area

-The play of gazes, interesting interplay

"The Cradle"- Berthe Morisot

-Another maternal image

-The lady looks at the child longingly, maybe wanting a child of her own

-the baby has its hand on its face, echoing the womans hand

"On the Grass"- Morisot

-Two children are in the scene, the older looks jealous of the newer baby, she stands in the background looking at the scene in the front

-Even the dog is paying attention to the younger child, and she has the mothers full attention

-Once the second child is born, the first may get jealous, the first child even has a dark aread around her head

-The first child isn't that far away from the mother but the feeling that is conveyed makes her seem further away than she is

"Edna by the window" - Morisot

-There is a difference between the private and the public

-The is Morisot's sister, she just found out that she is pregnant

-She is stuck inside the house now that she is pregnant and will have to care for the child-- will not be going out

-Contemplating her life with a serious look on her face

-She looks very sunken in to her chair

-There is a dark line that separates the inside and the outside

Paris Opera house/ Haussmannization

- Urban renewal project, disrupted the lives of the lower class, opened up wider boulevards in Paris

-Opera house was the center of the city

-Considered the major art form, showed that the city was at the appex of culture

-Very different from other opera houses- it had a side entrance for the wealthy and a front entrance for lower class

-The vanishing point was at the opera house, the wide boulevards gave a feeling of deep space

"Street in the Rain" - Gustav Caillebotte

-This was a snap shot of oridinary life-

-After Haussmannization, sidewalks allowed people to walk near the streets and this was very new

"Pont d'Europe" - Caillebotte

-An iron bridge becomes compositional device to show the city before and after Haussmannization- there was no place to walk before and after there was

- It improved standards of living

"Place de la Concorde" - Degas

-Leisurely family out walking with the dog, two daughters and the father

-The painting shows how busy city life was- everyone looks serious and stares off to look at different things

-A pedestrian is positioned at the side of the frame, walking into it

-If we were to see this frame in the next five seconds the man would have moved into it and the girls and dad out of it

"Two Brenton Women" - Gaugin

-He travels to the north of France to find a more natural human being, people who aren't modern

-He uses riveers of colors, flowing, sense of shape and ligtht

-life of the women is very different from the CanCan dancers who go out at night

-These people are more spiritual and more connected to the earth

-Modernity was sin

"Self Portrait" -Gaugin

-With the yellow chirst

-He leans towards the older religion, one that is more primative, less modern

"The meal" Gauguin

-Gauguin travels to Tahiti to go on a spiritual journey

-The wooden bowl is very simplistic, sitting at the table with three children-

-Fruit is at the foreground

-the children look to the girl ,the girl exudes confidence

-The white table cloth shows purity

"Woman with the Melon"- Gauguin

-Color is the best part of his paintings

-He likes to make alternations between warm and cool colors

-Friut-breast comparsion

-Doesn't paint any men, mainly women without shirts

Statue by Nazi Pavillion- social realism in Nazi Art

-When the Nazi's came to power they had a specfic agenda, their propaganda was very influencial

-they wanted to regulate art

-Hitler went to art school

-Resemble mythological statues from roman art

-They liked art that was representational

-Homo-erotic element

-They wanted to show a culture that was uniform and united

"Degenerate Art" -Exhibition, Munich

-This exibit ridiculed art that you weren't supposed to like

-They hated modernist art, and abstract

-They wanted to show that social realism was superior

"The Soviet Pavillion "- Paris worlds fair

-Socical realism, similar to the art that Nazi's liked, given a Russian spin

-Woman holds a sickle for agriculture and man hold a hammer to show industrial production

-Strive foward- realistic- idealistic

"Guernica" - Pablo Picasso

-Picasso painted this for the Spanish Pavillion at the worlds fair

-The bombing of Guernica by the Germans, first time in history that airplanes had dropped bombs on a civilians town

-People were shocked, that military targets weren't hit

-He tried to convey the horror of the event

-He used black and white so that color would not take away from the power of the images

-It was abstract, which was the opposite of what the German's liked..

Picasso was a communits but disagreed with their art

-Social realism becomes associated with totalitarianism

-Things are shattered, there is disorder, very starch light shadow

-Horse has a spike coming from it's mouth- pain and screams

"Number 31"- Jackson Pollock

-Two world wars in Europe cause many deaths

-Painting is a sign of Freedom

"Desco De parto" - Birth Dish

-Was given to mother of the child who had just given birth

 "Venus and Mars" Botticelli

-Satyrs are trying to get Mars awake and give him energy, Venus had an affair with Mars

"Cassone or Marriage Chest"- for dowry of the bride

-Dowry- money, goods or estate that the woman brings forth to the marriage

-Pornographic, main function was to arouse the newly married couple

"Nastagio degli Onesti"- Botticelli

-Panels of a story, a lover who wants to marry a woman, the man. An man on a horse runs up and kills a naked woman infront of him, then kills himself. He has to do this eternally because they were in live but the woman rejected him. The man brings the woman he wants to marry family to this spot so they can see what would happen if the woman rejects him.

"Portrait of Giovanna Tournabuoni"- Ghirlandaio

-She is wearing one piece of jewlery and the other two are in the background

-The sumptuary law of 1472 said that women could only wear three pieces of jewlery and after three years of marriage they would have to take one more piece off until eventually at nine years they wouldn't wear any

-This woman was married for six years

"Mona Lisa"- Da Vinci

-This woman has been married for at least nine years, she no longer wear jewelery, still retains touch and youthful beauty

"Venus of Urbino"- Titan

"Christ Giving the Keys of the Church to St. Peter"- Perugino

Vanishing point perspective

-transversals- size of people are determined by them , orthoginals- diagonal lines ,