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Harrison College MGT2000
Vocabulary - Chapter 9
45
Business
Undergraduate 1
05/06/2016

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Term
Organizational structure
Definition
the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company
Term
Organizational process
Definition
the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value
Term
Departmentalization
Definition
subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks
Term
Functional departmentalization
Definition
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise
Term
Product departmentalization
Definition
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services
Term
Customer departmentalization
Definition
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers
Term
Geographic departmentalization
Definition
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas
Term
Matrix departmentalization
Definition
a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional are used together
Term
Simple matrix
Definition
a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources
Term
Complex matrix
Definition
a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers, who help them sort out conflicts and resources
Term
Authority
Definition
the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives
Term
Chain of command
Definition
the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization
Term
Unity of command
Definition
a management principle that workers should report to just one boss
Term
Line authority
Definition
the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command
Term
Staff authority
Definition
the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command
Term
Line function
Definition
an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's produts
Term
Staff functions
Definition
an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company's products but instead supports line activities
Term
Delegation of authority
Definition
the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
Term
Centralization of authority
Definition
the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization
Term
Decentralization
Definition
the location of a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization
Term
Standardization
Definition
solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
Term
Job design
Definition
the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs
Term
Job specialization
Definition
a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process
Term
Job rotation
Definition
periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills
Term
Job enlargement
Definition
increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job
Term
Job enrichment
Definition
increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work
Term
Job characteristics model (JCM)
Definition
an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive job outcomes
Term
Internal motivation
Definition
motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards
Term
Skill variety
Definition
the number of different activities performed in a job
Term
Task identity
Definition
the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Term
Task significance
Definition
the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization
Term
Autonomy
Definition
the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job
Term
Feedback
Definition
the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance
Term
Mechanistic organization
Definition
an organization characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication
Term
Organic organization
Definition
an organization characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge
Term
Intraorganizational process
Definition
the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
Term
Reengineering
Definition
fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed
Term
Pooled interdependence
Definition
work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole
Term
Sequential interdependence
Definition
work completed in succession, with one group's or job's outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job
Term
Reciprocal interdependence
Definition
work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner
Term
Empowering workers
Definition
permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions
Term
Empowerment
Definition
feeling of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination
Term
Interorganizational process
Definition
a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
Term
Modular organization
Definition
an organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants
Term
Virtual organization
Definition
an organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services
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