Term
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Definition
| the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value |
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Term
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Definition
| subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks |
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Term
| Functional departmentalization |
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Definition
| organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise |
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Term
| Product departmentalization |
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Definition
| organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services |
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Term
| Customer departmentalization |
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Definition
| organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers |
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Term
| Geographic departmentalization |
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Definition
| organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas |
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Term
| Matrix departmentalization |
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Definition
| a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional are used together |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers, who help them sort out conflicts and resources |
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Term
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Definition
| the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| a management principle that workers should report to just one boss |
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Term
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Definition
| the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command |
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Term
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Definition
| the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command |
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Term
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Definition
| an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's produts |
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Term
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Definition
| an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company's products but instead supports line activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible |
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Term
| Centralization of authority |
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Definition
| the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| the location of a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process |
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Term
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Definition
| periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work |
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Term
| Job characteristics model (JCM) |
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Definition
| an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive job outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of different activities performed in a job |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge |
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Term
| Intraorganizational process |
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Definition
| the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed |
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Term
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Definition
| work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole |
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Term
| Sequential interdependence |
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Definition
| work completed in succession, with one group's or job's outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job |
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Term
| Reciprocal interdependence |
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Definition
| work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner |
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Term
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Definition
| permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination |
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Term
| Interorganizational process |
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Definition
| a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services |
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