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Harris / Exam #4 Vocab Part 2
I broke the flash-cards into smaller sets to make them less overwhelming
42
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/15/2009

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Term
Medical Model
Definition
The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When appled to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in psychiatric hospital.
Term
DSM-IV
Definition
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated "text revision" (DSM-IV-TR)
Term
Anxiety Disorder
Definition
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Term
Generalized anxiety disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Term
Panic Disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Term
Phobia
Definition
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
Term
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Term
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
Term
Dissociative disorders
Definition
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated)from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Term
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Definition
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Term
Personality disorders
Definition
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Term
Antisocial personality disorder
Definition
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Term
Mood Disorders
Definition
Physiological disorders caused by emotional extremes.
Term
Major depressive disorder
Definition
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the abscene of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure inmost activities.
Term
Mania
Definition
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
Term
Delusions
Definition
False beliefs, often of persecutions or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
Term
Psychotherapy
Definition
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
Term
Eclectic approach
Definition
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference's-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
Term
Resistance
Definition
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
Term
Interpretation
Definition
In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
Term
Transference
Definition
In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Term
Client-centered therapy
Definition
A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy)
Term
Active listening
Definition
Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client centered therapy.
Term
Behavior therapy
Definition
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Term
Counter-conditioning
Definition
A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
Term
Exposure therapies
Definition
Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
Term
Systematic desensitization
Definition
A type of counter-conditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Term
Virtual reality exposure therapy
Definition
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Term
Aversive conditioning
Definition
A type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
Term
Token economy
Definition
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
Term
Cognitive therapy
Definition
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
Term
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Definition
A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy ( changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Term
Family therapy
Definition
Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views as an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.
Term
Psychotherapy
Definition
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
Term
Regression toward the mean
Definition
The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward their average.
Term
Meta-analysis
Definition
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
Term
Biomedical therapy
Definition
Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system.
Term
Psychopharmacology
Definition
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
Term
Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors.
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