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| Small magnetic heads that read data on the spinning platters |
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| Distance between the platter and the read/write heads |
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| A tiny magnetic field which indicates a 1 or a 0 |
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| Switching the polarity of a flux |
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| Run Length Limited; allows HDD to read runs quickly |
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| Partial Response Maximum Likelihood encoding; allows HDD to guess where one run stops and another stars |
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| Storing fluxes vertically |
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| Actuator arms/head actuator |
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| Arms that move the read/write heads |
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| Original style of moving the actuator arms; used fixes increments, wore out quickly |
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| Uses magnets to suspend the actuator arm |
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| Determines WHERE data is stored |
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| 512 bytes of data, sliced like a bday cake |
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| What are three common form factors for SSDs? |
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| 1.8 inch, 2.5 inch, and 3.5 inch |
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| Advanced technology attachment; an interface whose creators monopolize HDDs |
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| Integrated Drive Electronics; any drive with a built-in controller |
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| Parallel ATA; sends data parallel, on a 40 or 80 wire cable |
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| Serial ATA; faster than PATA, uses one wire |
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| In order to connect more than one PATA drive, what must you do? |
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| Identify one drive as Master and the other as Slave |
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| Direct Memory Access; how the drive talks to the RAM |
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| Enhanced IDE; not a real change, but one in termenology |
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| Logical Block Addressing; the way the hard drive gets over the BIOS limit on memory |
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| How the physical geometry of the drive is communicated to the CMOS |
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| Explanation of Logical Geometry to the CMOS |
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| Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface; Enabled non-hard drive devices to connect with the 40 pin ATA cable |
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| Worked faster than single-word DMA |
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| Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Techology; helps predict if a drive is going to fail |
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| Better than Multi-word DMA |
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| How much space did the original ATA-1 standard allow for? Why wasn't this amount utilized? |
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| 137GB; because the BIOS didn't support more than 504MB |
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| Interrupt 13 extensions, which break the 8.4GB BIOS limit and allow up to 137GB |
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| What were/have been hard drive capacities? |
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ATA-1: 137GB, but limited by the BIOS to 504MB
ATA-1 + LBA: 8.4GB
ATA-1 + INT13: 137GB |
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| 144 Petabyte capacity; also called ATA-6 |
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| What are the DMA types and rates? |
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Multi-word DMA 0: 4.2 MBps
" 1: 13.3 MBps
" 2: 16.6 MBps
Ultra DMA 0: 16.7 MBps
" 1: 25 MBps
" 2: 33.3 MBps
" 3: 44.4 MBps
" 4: 66.6 MBps
" 5: 100 MBps
" 6: 133 MBps |
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| Host bus adapter; creates point-to-point communication with the device and the controller |
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| Advanced Host Controller Interface; an interface to work with HBAs, needs to be enabled at the CMOS |
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| Native Command Queuing; enables faster read/write times |
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| Small computer system interface; HDDs that chain together, faster than ATA and used mostly for servers |
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| Facilitates communication between the different drives in the SCSI chain |
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| Connecting drives to each other rather than each to the source |
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| Number used to differentiate between drives in a daisy-chain |
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| Killing the signal in an SCSI daisy chain at the last drive to prevent electronic echos and chaos |
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| Reading and writing identical data from two hard drives, controlled by the same controller |
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| Mirroring with two HDDs and two controllers |
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| Disk Striping (without parity) |
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| Splitting data between two drives for speed, but without redundancy to prevent data failure |
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| Disk Striping (with parity) |
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| Same ask disk striping, but involves putting extra data on each drive to make recovery possible |
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| Redundant Array of Independent Disks; using multiple drives to prevent data loss |
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| Disk striping with dedicated parity; combines data drives with parity drives |
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| Disk striping with distributed parity; most common and requires 3+ drives |
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| Disk striping with extra parity; requires 5+ drives |
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| What OS' come with RAID software? |
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| Windows Server can do 0, 1, and 5. 2000, XP, and Vista can do 0 |
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| What is the alternative to RAID software? |
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| A smart controller, which enables RAID functions and is hot swappable |
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| What are the three ways to set a master and slave drive? |
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| CMOS, jumpers, and cable select |
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