Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Handbook Wildland Firefighting
2nd ED Teie CH 1-4
58
Other
Professional
07/10/2007

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Slope affects the spread of Fire in what two ways
Definition
By preheating fuels and creating a draft effect p3
Term
A narrow canyon can have a wind direction significantly different from.
Definition
The general wind.
Term
A fire burning on ground level with a slope no greater than 5% will spread twice as fast when reaching what percentage slope (bonus) on what percent slope will it double again
Definition
30%
55%
Term
In relation to dead fuel moisture what is the term "Time Lag"
Definition
The time it takes for the moisture content in the fuel and the surrounding air to equalize expressed in rate of hours. Ie grass is a 1 hour fuel.
Term
Low Fuel moisture can cause extreme burning conditions when the following fuels reach what levels
1 hour
10 hour
1000 hour
Definition
1 hr 25% Fuel Moisture = extreme burning
10 hr 7%
1000 hr 13%. p9
Term
The chemical reaction of fire doubles for every _______ degree increase in fuel temperature
Definition
18 degree
Term
How much of a degree difference can the surface temp of fuels have in the shade vs direct sun exposure
Definition
50 to 80 degrees
Term
What is the primary factor that influences fire spread
Definition
Wind p13
Term
You should be alert when the relative humidity drops below what level. At what level can we expect extreme fire behavior.
Definition
30% and
10% Extreme. p16
Term
Name some indicators of unstable air
Definition
Gusty winds, good visibility, and vertically growing clouds, dust devils mirages and whirls. p17
Term
The passage of a weather front is usually accompanied by this
Definition
A shift of wind direction. p13
Term
How is fuel loading measured
Definition
Tons per acre
Term
During what period of the day is the wind the most calm.
Definition
Between 0400 & 0700
Term
Define a strong inversion
Definition
when warmer air caps cooler air ie in coastal areas. p17 Extra; Inversions tend to lift at the same time each year.
Term
What is area ignition
Definition
when an area is saturated with spot fires which begin to affect each other resulting in all of them burning. p19 together with tremendous speed
Term
what is "area ignition"
Definition
when an area is saturated with spot fires which begin to affect each other resulting in all of them burning together with tremendous speed. It is more common in narrow steep and box canyons.
Term
All factors of fire intensity are at their highest during what times of the day.Air is dry, fuels are dry,Temperature is high, winds may be strong.
Definition
1000 to 1800 p20
Term
What is the ratio of sleep hours to work hours 03 LT
Definition
1 hour of sleep for every 2 hours of work. p26
Term
What does the acronym LACES stand for.
Definition
Lookouts
Awareness
Communication
Escape Routes
Safety Zones
Term
Snag Safety zones are ?
Definition
Height plus 50% percent uphill
and 150% downhill. p43
Term
Working and walking distance to others
Definition
10 feet
Term
What are the 3 elements to a wildland fire prevention program.
Definition
Education Engineering enforcement. p49
Term
What are the five categories of fire danger.
Definition
Low,Moderate,High,Very High,Extreme.p52
Term
Maximum size for debris piles
Definition
4X4
Term
Never consider wet line what?
Definition
Final control line. p61
Term
One volume of water will cool how many volumes of burning fuel?
Definition
300
Term
What is the ratio range for class A foam to water
Definition
0.1 to 1.0 percent
Term
How does class A foam work
Definition
bubbles cling to the fuel and gradually release their moisture.
Term
How much distance should you leave from bodies of water while applying Class
A foam
Definition
100 feet from the high water mark.
Term
What are the three types of Auto foam regulating systems on the market
Definition
Balanced pressure bladder tank Proportionr
Balanced pressure Pump proportioner
electronically controlled direct injection
Term
Conventional nozzles can produce what ratio range of foam
Definition
0.1 to 0.3
Term
Foam line can be fired from its width must be
Definition
2.5 times the expected flame length from burning operation. p68
Term
What type of line is constructed when there is a chance of buring material rolling down hill? 03 LT
Definition
Undercut line
Term
Scratch line is
Definition
Hasty narrow line cut to temporarily stop fire spread.
Term
Parts of 'fire
Definition
Review p71
Term
Generally fireline width should be what.
03 LT.
what if conditions are extreme
Definition
1.5 times as wide as the height of the predominant fuel.

2+ times the height p73
Term
Except for extreme emergencies, who decides when and where to backfire
Definition
The IC or OPS section chief
Term
what is the most commonly used firing operation
Definition
Strip burning
Term
Review Fireline const techniques
Definition
p77
Term
Review firing out
Definition
p78-83
Term
what are tactics
Definition
Tecniques used to accompolish the strategy
Term
What time of sun exposure presents the greatest fire hazard.
Definition
Southwest due to most sunlight p4
Term
What type of terrain is characterized by air drawn in from the bottom creating very strong upslope drafts.
Definition
box canyon or chutes. p5
Term
What type of terrain is characterized by wind which may be different from the prevailing, wind eddies and strong upslope air movement may be expected at sharp bends and at intersecting draws
Definition
Narrow canyons. p5
Term
What effect does elevation have on fire fuels and behavior.
Definition
The lower the elevation the longer the season. p5
Term
What are the three classifications of fuels.
Definition
ground fuels
surface fuels
aerial fuels. p7
Term
Passage of warm fronts bring wind direction shift in what direction. What about cold fronts
Definition
45-90 degrees
45 to 180 degrees. p14
Term
What type of winds occur when air spills over high elevations and moves downhill.
Definition
Foehn or Gravity. p15
Term
What indicators herald erratic fire behavior.
Definition
Dust devils, mirages, and fire whirls. p17
Term
What is the danger of a plume dominated fire.
Definition
Potential for downbursts. p19
Term
Time of day when fire can be most easily controlled.
Definition
0400 to 0600. p20
Term
Name some indicators of extreme fire behavior.
Definition
A rapid increase of intensity, High sustained rate of spread,Well developed convection column, Long distance spotting 600ft, fire whirlwinds or horizontal flame sheeting, sudden calming of wind. p21
Term
FIRE ORDERS acronym study
Definition
p34-35
Term
Review 18 situations that shout watch out
Definition
p37-39
Term
What are the five common denominators of fatality fires.
Definition
Small fires, innocent appearance, light fuels, uphill runs, and turbulence. p40
Term
How far from structures should firewood be stored how about LPG tanks, and minimum fire break
Definition
25ft, 5ft, 30ft all around. p55-56
Term
what are the objectives of burning out.
Definition
Widen strengthen or secure fireline, reduce mop up and need for cold trailing,cut across fingers, incorporate spots, move into lighter fuels, utilize natural barriers and provide safety islands. p79
Term
Name some indicators of extreme fire behavior.
Definition
A rapid increase of intensity, High sustained rate of spread,Well developed convection column, Long distance spotting 600ft, fire whirlwinds or horizontal flame sheeting, sudden calming of wind. p21
Supporting users have an ad free experience!