Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Hand
stuff
170
Spelling
Not Applicable
09/17/2010

Additional Spelling Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Lumbricals

- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
how many?
Definition
anterior, under FDS tendons, above intrinsic hand muscles and interossei

tendons of FDP (the length of metacarpals) to radial aspects of proximal phalanxes.

1/2 medial nerve, 1/2 ulnar (4&5)

flexes MCP, extends PIP

4
Term
Dorsal Interossei

- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
-how many?
Definition
dorsal side

Attach towards middle finger.

origin: two heads at adjecent MCP.

insertion: one head @proximal phalanx (towards middle finger).

ulnar nerve

assit lumbricals in flex/MCP, extend/PIP and ABduct 2,3,4 (DAB)

Bipennate

4
Term
Palmar Interossei

- general location
- insertions
- innervation
- function
how many
Definition
palmar side

attach away from middle finger

origin: metacarpals

insertion: base of proximal phalanxes

innervation: ulnar nerve

function: assist lumbricals in flex/MP, extend PIP & ADduct (PAD)

3
Term
palmar or dorsal interossei attaches thumb and 1st finger?
Definition
dorsal

double head of dorsal interossei attaches to thumb and radial side of first finger.
Term
Thenar muscles (3)
Definition
OFA

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis,
Term
Adductor pollicis (not thenar but in vicinity)

origin/insertion

innervaton

function
Definition
3rd metacarpal/capiate to sesamoids of thumb

ulnar
Term
abductor pollicis brevis

origin/insertion

innervation
Definition
scaphoid/trapezium to proximal phalanx

median recurrent
Term
flexor pollicis brevis

origin/insertion

innevation
Definition
capitate/trapezium to proximal phalanx

median recurrent
Term
opponens pollicis

o/i

innervation
Definition
trapizium to metacarpal

median recurrent
Term
Hypothenar muscles (3)
Definition
OFA
opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi
Term
opponens digiti minimi

o/i

innervation
Definition
hook of hamate to 5th metacarpal

ulnar
Term
flexor digiti minimi

o/i

innervation
Definition
hook of hamate to 5th proximal phalanx

ulnar
Term
abductor digiti minimi

o/i

innervation
Definition
pisiform to proximal phalanx

ulnar
Term
palmaris brevis (not hypothenar but in the vicinity)

o/i

innervation

function
Definition
palmar aponeurosis (ulna side) to hypothenar eminence (lateral border of ulna side of hand)

ulnar

tightens palmar aponeurosis
Term
Hand..
Abductors usually

Flexors usually

opponens usually
Definition
abductors: attachment from prox phalanx to outer bones of wrist

flexors: MC/PP to middle bones of wrist

opponens: short connection from MC to wrist, located on outide
Term
Path of ulnar nerve shoulder to hand
Definition
ulnar side of arm, passes behind medial epicondyle, under flexor carpi ulnaris. Bifurcates into superficial and deep branches at wrist.

superficial branch goes over flexor retinaculum to half of 4th and 5th fingers.

deep branch goes through guyon's canal and across wrist (deep) to thumb.
Term
path of radial nerve shoulder to hand
Definition
from brachial plexus moves behind humerus (at surgical neck with profundus brachii artery). at mid-humerus follows radial groove (lateral side), and moves anterior along and then superior to lateral epicondyle and capitellum. around head of radius bifurcates into superficial and deep branches.

superficial follows radius (under brachioradialis) following radius laterally then moves behind styloid process, heads to fingers 1-3.5.

deep branch pierces supinator and moves down arm to innervate extensor muscles on radial posterior side of arm.
Term
path of median nerve shoulder to hand
Definition
leaves brachial plexus, follows medial side of humerus then moves anteriorly at mid humerus, over trochlea. heads towards hand down middle of forearm under FDS, through carpal tunnel to reach hand. innervates fingers 1-3 and 1/2 of 4.
Term

9 tendons in carpal tunnel

nerve?

Definition
4 FDP, 4 FDS , 1 flexor pollicis longus

median

Term
muscles that form snuff box (radial fossa)

nerve/artery that run through?
Definition
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

EPB/ABuctor on left, EPL on right (posterior view)

radial nerve/artery
Term
[image]
Definition
Term

[image]

 

what fracture is this?

Definition
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome

etiology
symptoms
Definition
inflammation of the flexor retinaculum sheath due to repeated movement in tunnel, causing compression of median nerve.

symptoms: numbness/tingling in fingers 2-3, lack of sensation in lateral 3.5 digits, wasting of thenar muscles, lack of opposition

wasting of thenar/lack of opposition due to nerve problmes of median recurrent n.
Term
flexor retinaculum
(transverse carpal ligament)

constitution

location

function
Definition
dense connective tissue

extends from pisiform/hook of hamate to tubercle of trapezium

forms carpal tunnel (an osseofibrous tunnel)
Term
Guyon's Canal

made my what?

location

function

what passes through?
Definition
between hook of hamate and pisiform bone

formed by pisohamate ligament

deep branch of ulnar nerve and ulnar artery move through here

**just like carpal tunnel syndrome, if ulnar nerve gets compressed pt will feel tingling, loss of sensation, weakness in hypothenar muscles. **
Term

[image]

what would this look like as a cross section, distal and proximal to carpal tunnel?

 


Definition
[image]
Term
Palmar Aponeurosis

proximal merges with?

distal merges with?
Definition
thick, strong, deep fascia that covers soft tissues and overlies palmar tendons, blood vessels, and nerves.

Proximal end continuous with flexor retinaculum (underneath)

Distal end - forms 4 longitudinal digital bands (fascicles) that attach to the bases of proximal phalanges, then all bands joined horizontally by superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.


Can still see palmaris brevis, and thenar muscles.
Term
Dupuytren's Contracture

what?
Definition
atrophy of palmar aponeurosis, leading to shortening of palmar fascia (chiefly affecting 4th/5th digits)

if gets bad all fingers will assume flexed position. need surgery to fix.
Term
common synovial sheath

where, what's in it?
Definition
in middle of hand, where tendons of FDP/FDS meet.
Term
common synovial sheath

where, what's in it?
Definition
in middle of hand, where tendons of FDP/FDS meet.
Term
synovial sheaths (general)

what cover?
Definition
all flexor tendons of fingers (FDP, FDS, FPL)coming from carpal tunnel.
Term
Tenosynovitis

what?
spread depends on what?
on what finger prone to spread?
Definition
infection of digital synovial sheaths causing inflammation of tendon and sheath.

spread depends on connection with common synovial sheath. small finger's sheath is continuous with common sheath so infection is prone to spread to other fingers this way.

otherwise, usually confined to 1 digit
Term
osseofibrous tunnel

characteristics
Definition
canal
long flexor tendons pass
formed by fibrous sheaths
Term
vincula

what is it?

a degenerate form of what?
Definition
synovial folds containing small blood vessels that feed tendons.

degenerate form of mesotendon. (vincula with more layers that used to attach tendon to wall of tendon sheath)
Term

Extensor hood

formed by what?

where are vincula, hood, FDP, FDS, interossei, lumbricals?

 

 

Definition

@font-face { font-family: "Times"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0in; }ul { margin-bottom: 0in; }

Triangular expansion of extensor tendon over the MCP joint. provides insertion of lumbricals, interosseus


Distal end of metacarpals the four Extensor Digitorum tendons flatten to make the Extensor expansion “hood

 

[image]

Term
where touch to test ulnar nerve sensation?
Definition
pinky finger
Term
where touch to test median nerve sensation?
Definition
index finger
Term
where touch to test radial never sensation?
Definition
dorsum, radial side
Term
Ulnar artery
pathway?
where in relation to ulnar nerve?
what happens when gets to hand?
3 main things
Definition
branches from brachial artery at cubital fossa. moves down ulnar side through guyon's canal with ulnar nerve to hand. after canal divides into palmar superficial arch and deep palmar arch. (the superficial arch extends towards fingers more so than deep arch)

once the superficial arch reaches the thenar eminence it anatomoses with a superficial branch of the radial artery.

LATERAL TO ULNAR NERVE.
Term
Radial artery

pathway?
anatomoses with what in hand?
Definition
at cubital fossa (under bicepital aponeurosis) brachial artery bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries.

radial a. then travels under brachioradialis (over pronator teres) down into thenar side of hand. Bifurcates before flexor retinaculum. superficial branch travels over FR to anatomose with superficial palmar arch from ulnar artery.

deep radial branch anatomosese with deep branch of ulnar artery to form deep palmar arch.
Term
Deep palmar arch

what + what?
where in relation to superficial palmar arch?
Definition
deep branch of radial a. + deep branch of ulnar a.

if looking at hand, deep arch is inferior to superficial arch
Term
superficial palmar arch

what + what?
Definition
superficial branch of ulnar a. + superficial branch of radial a.
Term
medial epicoldyle AKA
Definition
funny bone
Term
Most blood in hand comes from which artery?

however, what if one arch or radial/ulnar artery is compromised?
Definition
ULNAR

many cxns exist between arches so blood flow could be maintained in on arch cut.

Blood flow can be maintained with only radial or ulnar artery. but have to do allen's test and check that collateral circulation is OK.
Term
cubital tunnel syndrome

where is tunnel?
Definition
cubtial tunnel:

formed by the ulnar head (attaches to ole) and radial head (attaches to ME) of the flexor carpi ulnaris, along with medial epicondyle and ulnar collateral ligament.

ulnar nerve passes through here and can get compressed and cause numbness/tingling in pinky and ring fingers.
Term
What's the other tendon that is found in carpal tunnel but sometimes not considered to be within it?
Definition
flexor carpi radialis
Term
Ulnar nerve

innervates how many muscles/which ones?
Deep branch innervates what muscles?
superficial?
Definition
1.5 muscles in forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 FDP)

Deep: Hypothenar, interossei, 1/2 lumbricals, adductor pollicus

Superficial: skin over ulnar distribution of hand
Term
If ulnar nerve damage what happens?
Definition
Claw hand
cannot extend IP/flex MP at pinky/ring, cannot flex distal IP joint and pink/ring,
cannot abduct/adduct non thumb digits
cannot adduct thumb
loss of sensation over ulnar distribution of hand
Term
What hand/forearm muscles does median nerve innervate?
Definition
forearm: all flexors except ulnaris (flexor radialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus*, 1/2 FDP)

Hand: 3 thenars, 2 radial lumbricals
Term
If only recurrent branch fucked, what happens to hand?
Definition
Ape hand.

thenar muscles dont work. cannot oppose thumb and flattened thenar eminence.
Term
If medial never damage is high (at cubital fossa) what are symptoms?
Definition
Suffers all problems:

no thenars, lack of sensory in lateral 3.5 digits, no pronation, no flexion of distal IP joints (no FDP), weak wrist flexion (forearms muscles), hand of benediction
Term
radial nerve innervates what?
Definition
BEST
all extensors in arm/forearm, brachioradialis, supinator, triceps
Term
what break will cause radial nerve damage?
Definition
surgical head of humerus
Term
pronator syndrome

what is it?
what nerve affected?
Definition
median nerves becomes compressed between two heads of pronator teres.
Term
if deep branch of radial nerve damaged, what is result?
Definition
wrist drop (from lack of extensors), cannot extend thumb/MP joints (extensor digitorum)
Term
if superficial branch of radial nerve damaged what is result?
Definition
loss of sensory over radial nerve distribution of dorsallateral hand.
(passes through snuffbox to posterior dorsal portion)
Term
if radial nerve damage is high (at axilla) what are results?
Definition
loss of extention of wrist, forarm at elbow joint. cannot extend arm (triceps)
Term
pronation will be lost if what nerve is severed?
Definition
median
Term
common interosseus artery

from what artery?
what branches?
parts?
Definition
ulnar.
branches at end of cubital fossa, around ulnar tuberosity from ulnar artery.

divides into posterior and anterior interossei a. shortly after. (1cm after comes off ulnar artery)
Term
anterior interosseus artery

location?
Definition
From common interosseus artery, travels down arm deep between radius and ulna. when gets to dorsal hand anatomoses with posterior interosseus a. and joins dorsal carpal network.

supplies FPL, FDP, carpals, and has other branches
Term
posterior interosseus artery

path?
blood supply to what?
Definition
after bifurcation, pierces interosseous membrane and travels posterior.

blood supply to deep muscles in posterior forearm
Term
Where is deltopectoral triangle?

What pierces through here?
Definition
a triangle in the upper chest region that is bounded medially by the clavicle, superiorly by the deltoid m. and inferiorly by the pectoralis major m.

pierced by the cephalic vein
Term
Humural structures:

greater/lesser tubercle, surgical neck, bicepital groove, radial groove, trochlea, capitellum, epicondyles, deltoid tuberosity, anatomical neck, coranoid fossa
Definition
[image]
Term

Ulna/Radius

 

olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process, head, neck, radial tuberosity, ulnar tuberosity, radial notch of ulna, styloids

Definition
[image]
Term
rotator cuff muscles
Definition
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor subscapularis
Term
three muscles that attach to coracoid process
Definition
pect major, coracobrachialis, short head of bicep
Term
back muscles that laterally rotate
Definition
teres minor, infraspinatus
Term
abductors of arm
Definition
0-15 degrees: supraspinatus
15-90 degrees: deltoid
90-180: serratus anterior
Term
back muscles that medially rotate arm
Definition
Lat dorsi, teres major, subscapularis
Term
quadrangle space

borders?
runs through?
Definition
teres minor (sup), teres major (inf) surgical neck of humerus (lat), long head of triceps (med)

axillary n, posterior humeral circumflex artery
Term
triangular interval

borders?
runs through?
Definition
teres major (sup), long head of triceps (medial), lateral head of triceps (lateral)

radial nerve, profundus brachii a.
Term
triangular space

borders?
runs through?
Definition
teres minor (sup), teres major (inf), long head of triceps

circumflex scapular (SPACE/SCAPULAR)
Term
cardinal sign of long thoracic n. damage?
Definition
winged scapula.

innervates serratus anterior which protracts scapula.
Term
protract means...
Definition
to move anteriorly
Term
Erb's palsy

which roots of BP damaged?
presentation?
-etiology?
Definition
C5/C6

upper extremity medially rotated (paralysis of rotator cuff muscles) paralyzed, no abduction/flexion, can move fingers, 'waiter's tip'.

neck/shoulder stretched too much, baby pulled out by head (breech)
Term
Klumpke's palsy

what roots affected?
presentation?
etiology?
Definition
C8/T1

intrinsic muscles of hand paralyzed. (claw hand)

pulling of arm, grabbing branch upon fall, kid being pulled out of snow, baby out of womb by arm (breeched)
Term
posterior cord of BP

what branches?
what main type of muscle they innervate?
Definition
radial/axillary

extensors
Term
what do median and ulnar nerves innervate in arm?
Definition
NOTHING
Term
Axillary a. branches STLSAP.

Then what?
Definition
subscapular branches into thoracodorsal and scapular circumflex
Term

collateral circulation of axillary artery

[image]

Definition

Artery on left  = dorsal scapular, moves down anatomoses with thoracodorsal (bottom) to lateral border of scapula.

artery on right = suprascapular ->circumflex scapular

 

If axillary artery ligated need to get blood to arm somehow. Body has own collateral system. Blood will move through from axillary - thyocervical trunk - suprascapular - circumflex scapular to posterior circumflex or down axillary to profunda brachii

Term
interosseous membrane

what is it, where?
functions
Definition
dense connective tissue between radius and ulna.

Separates flexor & extensor compartments

transfers force from radius to ulna
Term
superficial flexor muscles all originate where (except brachioradialis)
Definition
medial epicondyle
Term
brachioradialis

innervated by?
function?
Definition
radial n.

flexes forearm
Term
intermediate and deep muscles in flexor (anterior) compartment
Definition
Intermediate
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Deep
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicus Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Term
Tennis Elbow

what kind of epicondylitis?
caused by?
Definition
lateral epicondylitis

from chronic inflammation of the origin of extensor muscles in forearm.
Term
golfer's epicondylitis

what kind of epicondylitis?
caused by?
Definition
medial epicondylitis

caused by small tear/inflammation in the origin of flexor muscles for forearm.
Term
cubital fossa

bounded by?
contains what?
Definition
bounded by brachioradialis and pronator teres.

Mnemonic: Ron Beats Bad Man. (lateral to medial)
radial n., biceps tendon, brachial artery (which splits here), median nerve.
Term
coracobrachialis

i/o
inervation
function
Definition
coracoid process to mid humerus

musculocutaneous

flexes arm
Term
biceps brachii

o/i
inn
function
Definition
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process
--> radial tuberosity of radius.

musculocutaneous

flexes arm/forearm, supinates forearm
Term
brachialis

io
n
f
Definition
mid humerus to coronoid process of ulna and ulna tuberosity

musculocutaneous

flexes forearm
Term
triceps

io
n
f
Definition
lateral head: superior radial groove of humerus (located posterior, second third of humerus)
medial head: inferior to radial groove
long head: infraglenoid tubercule

all to olecranon process.

radial nerve

extends forearm

lateral is most lateral, median head under lateral.
Term
anconeus

io
n
f
Definition
lateral epicondyle to upper ulna

radial

extends forearm
Term
i/o of superficial flexors (4)
Definition
FCulnaris (ME to base of 5th MC)
PalmarisL (ME to palm aponeurosis)
FCradialis (ME to bases of 2&3 MC)
PT (ME to radius)
Term
Flexor carpi radialis

fucntions?
Definition
flex forearm/hand and ABducts.
RABiD
Term
only intermediate forarm muscle

i/o
inn
fucntion
Definition
medial epicondyle to middle phalanges
median
flexes PIPs, hand/wrist
Term
Deep flexor muscles
i/o
inn
function

no longer medial epicondyle!
Definition
FDP: anterior ulna/interosseus mem to distal phalanges
1/2 ulnar 1/2 median
flexes distal phalanges and hand

Flexor Pollicis longus
antradius/interossmem to distal phalanx of thumb
median
flexes thumb/hand

Pronator quadratus
radius to ulna
median
pronates
Term
extensors of forearm

medial to lateral (post view)
Definition
ExCarpiRadLong, ExCarpiRadBrev, ExDigitorum, ExDigMinimi, ExCarpiUlnar

(ExCarpRadBrevis underneath ECRlong)
Term
brachioradialis
i/o
inn
fuction
Definition
lateral epicondyle to styloid of radius

radial

flexes arm
Term
which flexor orginiates from lateral epicondyle?

what nerve is this muscle innervated by?
Definition
brachioradialis

radial
Term
superficial extensors
i/o?
Definition
all originate at lateral epicondyle

ExCarpRadLong: to 2rd MC
ExCarpRadBrev: to 3rd MC
ExDigitorum: to extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges
ExDigMinimi: to dorsal expansion, pinky
ExCarpUlnaris: to 5th MC
Term
Deep extensors
i/o
Definition
ExIndicis: ulna/IOMem to extensor hood of index
ExPollicisLongus: ulna/IOmem to distal phalanx of thumb
ExPollicisBrevis: radius/IOmem to proximal phalanx of thumb
AbductorPollLong: ulna/IOmem to base of MC
Supinator: lateral epicondyle to radius
Term
Pollicis extendors extend as well as...
Definition
abduct

EXPolLong EXPolBrev
Term
Supinator
i/o
inn
function
Definition
lateral epicondyle to radius (under radialis extensors)

radial

supinates
Term
when do tendons of FDS split?
Definition
at middle phalanges
Term
whihc flexors don't originate at medial epicondyle?
Definition
FDP, FPL, Brachioradialis
Term
extensor carpi ulnaris does what in addition to extending hand?
Definition
adducts
Term
which extensors dont start at lateral epicondyle?
Definition
ex indicis
ex pollicis longus
ex pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
Term
dorsal scapular
what Cs?
innerves what
Definition
C5

rhomboids/levator scapulae
Term
long thoracic
Cs
n?

how damaged usually?
Definition
C5-C7

serratus anterior

radical mastectomy, thoracic surgery, stab wound
Term
suprascapular

Cs
innervate
Definition
C5, C6

supraspinatus, infraspinatus
Term
nerve to subclavius
Cs
innerv?
Definition
C5, C6

subclavius muscle.

note: joins accessory phrenic nerve to form the phrenic nerve.
Term
lateral pectoral nerve
Cs
inn?
what runs with it?
Definition
C5-C7

pectoralis major/minor

pectoral branch of thoracoacromial a.
Term
Musculocutaneous

Cs
Inn?
Definition
C5-C7

biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis

descends between these muscles.
Term
medial pectoral nerve
Cs
Inn?
Definition
C8 - T1

pect minor (pierces it)
Term
ulnar nerve
Cs?
Definition
C7-T1
Term
Radial nerve
Cs?
Definition
C5-T1
Term
Median nerve
Cs?
Definition
C5-T1
Term
Musculocutaneous nerve
Cs?
Definition
C5-C7
Term
Axillary Nerve
Cs?
Definition
C5, C6
Term
lower subscapular n.
innervates?
Definition
1/2 subscapularis , teres major
Term
largest branch of brachial plexus?
Definition
radial nerve
Term
injury to post cord of brachplex

how could happen?
result?
Definition
from compression by crutch. (crutch palsy)

loss of function of extensors of arm, forearm, hand - wrist drop
Term
injury to axillary nerve

how?
result?
Definition
fracture of surgical neck of humerus OR interior dislocation of humerus

weakness in lateral rotation, abduction
Term
injury to radial nerve

how?
result?
Definition
fracture of midshaft of humerus

loss of function of extensors, wrist drop
Term
injury to median nerve
how
result?
Definition
compression of carpal tunnel or supracondylar fracture

loss of pronation, opposition of thumb, no flexion in lateral two PIP joints, flattening of thenar eminence
Term
injury to musculocutaneous nerve
result?
Definition
weakness in flexion of flexion of forearm (bichep/brachialis, coracobrach) and supination
Term
common interosseous artery originates from what artery?

anterior and posterior interosseous nerves originate from what nerves?
Definition
artery from ulnar a.

anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve. (branches in cubital fossa, runs with anterior interosseus artery.

deep branch of radial nerve becomes posterior interosseus nerve close to hand.
Term
injury to ulnar nerve
how?
results?
Definition
fracture of medial epicondyle.

claw hand. no abduction or adduction of fingers. no flexion of MP/extension of PIP on pinky/ring. wasted hypothenar eminence and palm. loss of adduction in thumb.
Term
flexors not innervates by median nerve and their innervations
Definition
medial 1/2 FDP (ulnar) FCUlnaris (Ulnar)
Brachioradialis (Radial)
Term
what does tenderness in snuffbox indicate?
Definition
scaphoid fracture

problem: could lead to avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone
Term
sensory deficit of median nerve
Definition
can't feel dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers
Term
Colles fracture / dinner fork

what?
where?
how?
most commonly in who?
Definition
distal fracture of radius and ulnar styloid

dinner fork because wrist will rest behind it's normal anatomical position

caused by a strong force pushing hand into forearm, ex. falling and catching weight with hand

most common +50
Term
Wrist Joint (Radiocarpal)
how does wrist articulate with forearm?
Definition
condylar (round articular surface, elliptical cavity) joint formed superiorly by radius and articular disk, inferior by schaphoid and lunate and triquetrum
Term

Parts of radius to identify: ulnar notch, styloid process, head, radial tuberosity

 

Ulna: radial notch, coronoid process, olecranon, trochlear process, head, styloid, tuberosity

 

Definition
[image]
Term

annular ligament

where? does what?

Definition

a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.

 

[image]

Term
glenohumeral ligaments coracoclavicular ligament coracoacromial ligament
Definition

superior, middle, inferior (glenohumeral)

[image]

 

 

Term
transverse humeral ligament
Definition

extend between greater/lesser tubercles. holds tendon of long head of biceps in biceptial groove

[image]

 

Term

Glenohumeral joint

 

Definition
[image]
Term
labrum (glenohumeral)
Definition
lip-like fibrocartilaginous projection in scapular glenoid fossa
Term
Bursa in glenohumeral joint function? 3 types
Definition

sac of liquid to prevent tendons and muscles fraying as they rub over bones subscapular, subacromial, subdeltoid

 

[image]

Term
fracture in greater tuberosity, how?
Definition
violent contractions of supraspinatus.

if breaks infra, supra and teres minor would still be attached
Term
fracture of lesser tuberosity, how?
Definition
accompanies posterior dislocation, leaving subscapularis attached to it
Term
fracture of shaft

what would be injured?
Definition
radial artery and deep brachial artery, both in spiral groove
Term
shoulder separation

what is it really?
how?
Definition
acromioclavicular joint dislocation. shoulder becomes separated from clavicle

from fall on outstretched arm.
Term
dislocation of shoulder joint

what direction usually happens in?
Definition
dislocation of glenohumeral joint.

anteroinferior direction... here there are lack of rotator cuff muscles.
Term
Referred pain to shoulder.

probably from where?
Definition
from diaphram. Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) has same origin as supraclavicular nerve (C4-C5) which supplies sensory fibers to shoulder.
Term
rupture of rotator cuff

how occur?
usual symptoms
Definition
chronic wear/tear, acute fall on outstreched arm

severe limitation of movement, especially abduction
Term
clavipectoral fascia
Definition
encloses pectoralis minor, extends inferolaterally to attach to axillary fascia as suspensory ligament of axilla
Term
quadrangle space, triangular interval, trinagular space!
Definition
[image]
Term
what does radial nerve innervate in hand?
Definition
NOTHING
Term

Sensory distribution of hand

radial

median

ulnar

Definition
[image]
Term
most commonly dislocated large joint?
Definition
glenohumeral
Term
what nerve and artery may be damaged when the shoulder is dislocated?
Definition

axillary and posterior humeral circumlex joint tends to dislocated anteriorly and inferiorily, so nerve/art can be compressed, torn, damaged

 

[image]

Term
what kind of joint is elbow?

what structure allows for supination and pronation?
Definition
hinge.

annular ligament
Term
Subluxation of elbow
also called?

what is it?
who is it common to?
Definition
nursemaid's elbow

annular ligament gets slipped off radius and fixed in radial-humeral joint space

happens when an extended arm gets pulled

most often in children 1-5
Term
mallet finger

how get it?
what happens?
Definition
Uncontrolled rapid flexion of DIP joint causes rupture of the extensor tendon. (pushed down while straightened)

without treatment and with time the IP joint may swaneck (hyperextend)
Term
Jersey finger

how?
what is it?
Definition
Often occurs while grabbing a jersey while a player is pulling away

Causes partial or complete avulsion of FDP (flexor digitorum profundus) tendon at its attachment to distal phalanx.

DIP cannot flex, usually on ring finger
Term
boutonniere
Definition
central slip of extensor hood (at PIP) torn. PIP cannot extend.
lateral extensor tendons are still attached to dip. distal phalanz gets pulled back towards hand in extended position
Term
if looked at cross-section of wrist will probably see which ones?
Definition
a little triquetrium, scaphoid, capitate, hamate, pisiform
Term
borders of axillary artery
Definition
outer border of first rib to inferior border of teres major
Term
if brachial artery ligated at its origin what artey could supply blood to the profundus brachii?
Definition
posterior humeral circumflex.

it goes around humerus and joins with another artery that will eventually anatomose with profunda brachii
Term
triceps insertion?

biceps insertion?
Definition
triceps = olecranon

biceps = radial tuberosity
Term
blood for extensor compartment in forearm comes from what artery?
Definition
posterior interosseous (ulnar)
Term
median branches, what innervate?

median
medial recurrent
anterior interosseus
Definition
FCRad, PL, FDS, PT
thenars
FPL, PQ, 1/2 FDP
Term
floor of cubital fossa?
Definition
supinator, brachialis
Term
which AC joint ligament provides most strength?
Definition
coracoclavicular (2)
Term
what happens to clavicle when coracoclavicular ligaments rupture (or clavical breaks in the middle?)
Definition
medial side of clavicle lifted upward by sternocleomastoid muscle

lateral side pulled downward by deltoid and gravity.
Term
ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament

join what?
Definition
UCL: humerus to ulna
RCL: humerus to radius
Term
scaphoid fracture
Definition
common in young adults

happens when fall onto abducted hand (away in medial plane)
Term
angle of inclincation
kids
adults
females
eldery
Definition
135
126
(less than 126)
120
Supporting users have an ad free experience!