Term
| Clubbing is also known as? |
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Definition
| drumstick fingers or watch glass nails. first documented by Hippocrates thus aka hippocrates fingers. |
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Term
| list the 5 stages of clubbing |
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Definition
1. fluctuation and softening of nail bed (increased ballotobility)
2. loss of normal (<165degree) angle (Lovibond angle) between nailed and fold (cuticle).
3. increased convexity of the nail fold
4.Thickening of the whole end (distal) part of the finger resembling a drumstick
5. Shiny aspect and striation of the nail and skin |
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Term
| what is clubbing indicative of? |
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Definition
infective endocarditis
congenital
TB
crohns and UC
mesothelioma
lung cancer
interstitial lung disease
graves disease (thyroid acropachy) |
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Term
| which test checks for clubbing? |
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Definition
| Shamroths window test. should form a diamond when nails are put against each other back to back |
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Term
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Definition
| dark red linear lesions in nailed. most commonly due to endocarditis, vasculitis and can be due to trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| small tender subcutaneous nodules. colour ranges from red to purple. they are associated with neuropathic pain. though to be due to immunocomplexes from infective endocarditis. they are found on the palms and feet near the then and hypo thenar eminences. |
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Term
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Definition
| non tender maculae found on extremities; toes, soles of feet, fingers and palms. they are retiform purport caused by septic emboli in endocarditis. |
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Term
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Definition
| redding of the thenar and hypothenar eminences. common in liver disease e.g. cirrhosis, hep c |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic amyloidosis. can be precipitated by minor trauma. common around the face and eyelids;periorbital area giving racoon eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| type 2 hypercholesteroleamina. when they are found over tendons it is indicative of familial hypercholesterolaemia |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally long fingers in comparison to palms seen in pts with marfan syndrome |
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Term
| koilonychias (spoon nails) |
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Definition
| iron deficiency ameania and plummer-vinson syndrome; difficulty swallowing, oesophageal webs and iron deficiency ameamia |
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Term
| onycholysis - detachment of nail from nailed |
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Definition
| psoriasis, thyrotoxicosis. thought to be due to over activity of the sympathetic system |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic liver disease and hypoalbuminaemia |
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Term
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Definition
| deep grooved lines that run side to side on finger or toe nails. temporary cessation of cell division in nail matrix. can be due to trauma or infection. can be due to malnutrition, hypocalceamia, coronary occlusion, chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pincer aka omega or trumpet nails |
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Definition
| ageing. ill fitting shoes |
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Term
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Definition
distal red or brown band. the proximal nail is white or pink.
caused by chronic liver failure and chronic liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| thickened, crumbling nail due to fungal infections |
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