Term
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Definition
| The medulla (muh-DUL-uh) is the innermost layer, sometimes referred to as the pith of the hair. It is composed of round cells. It is quite common for very fine and naturally blonde hair to entirely lack a medulla. Generally, only thick, coarse hair contains a medulla. All male beard hair contains a medulla. Beard hair is generally much coarser and not as uniform as hair from the head of the same individual. As far as cosmetology is concerned, the medulla is an “empty” air space and is not involved in salon services. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cortex is the middle layer of the hair. It is a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. About 90 percent of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex. The elasticity of the hair and its natural color are the result of the unique protein structures located within the cortex. The changes involved in oxidation haircoloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing all take place within the cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Disulfide bonds are broken by permanent waves and chemical relaxers. A disulfide bond (dy-SUL-fyd) is a chemical side bond that differs greatly from the kind of physical bonding seen in a hydrogen or salt bond. A disulfide bond joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids (SIS-tuh-een) to create cystine (SIS-ti-een). Although there are far fewer disulfide bonds than hydrogen or salt bonds, disulfide bonds are much stronger and account for about one-third of the hair's overall strength. Disulfide bonds are not broken by heat or water. Permanent waves and chemical hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically changing the hair's disulfide bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Salt bonds are broken by changes in pH. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peptide bonds are broken by chemical depilatories. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds are very weak side bonds, but there are so many of them that they account for about one-third of the hair's strength. A hydrogen bond is a physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat. Although individual hydrogen bonds are very weak, there are so many of them that they account for about one-third of the hair's overall strength. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital canities exists at or before birth. It occurs in albinos, who are born without pigment in the skin, hair and eyes, occasionally in individuals with normal hair. A patchy type of congenital canities may develop either slowly or rapidly, depending on the cause of the condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired canities develops with age and is the result of genetics. Although genetics is also responsible for premature canities, acquired canities may develop due to worry, anxiety, or prolonged illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hair elasticity is the ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking. Hair elasticity is an indication of the strength of the side bonds that hold the hair's individual fibers in place. Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to 50 percent of its original length and return to that same length without breaking. Hair with normal elasticity holds the curl from wet sets and permanent waves without excessive relaxing. Hair has greater elasticity when it is wet than when it is dry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross-sections of wavy hair are usually oval and have a fairly regular and uniform diameter along a single strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Straight hair tends to have a round cross-section. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely curly hair tends to be highly oval and even flat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertrichosis (hi-pur-trih-KOH-sis), or hirsuties (hur-SOO-shee-eez) is a condition of abnormal growth of hair. It is characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair. A mustache or light beard on women are examples of hypertrichosis. Treatments include wax hair removal, tweezing, chemical depilatories, shaving, mechanical epilators, and electrolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called trichology (trih-KAHL-uh-jee), which comes from the Greek words trichos(hair) and ology(the study of). As a cosmetologist, you will need to know as much as you can about hair and how to keep it healthy. The more you learn and the more you understand how salon services affect different hair types, the more you will be able to achieve consistent results on your clients. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage of hair growth, anagen, is the growth stage. During the anagen (AN-uh-jen) or growth phase,which lasts from three to five years, new hair is produced. The hair actively manufactures new keratinized cells in the hair follicle. During this phase, hair cells are produced faster than any other normal cell in the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term catagen refers to the transitional stage. The catagen (KAT-uh-jen) phase is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase. During the catagen phase, the follicle canal shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla. The hair bulb disappears and the shrunken root end forms a rounded club. |
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Term
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Definition
| The telogen (TEL-uh-jen) or resting phase is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the fully grown hair is shed. The hair is either shed during the telogen phase or remains in place until the next anagen phase, when the new hair growing in pushes it out. About 10 percent of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time. The telogen phase lasts for approximately three to six months. As soon as the telogen phase ends, the hair returns to the anagen phase and begins the entire cycle again. On average, the entire growth cycle repeats itself once every four to five years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hair growth occurs in cycles. Each complete cycle has three phases that are repeated over and over again throughout life. The three phases are anagen, catagen, and telogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fine hair has the smallest diameter. Fine hair has the smallest diameter and is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from chemical services than coarse or medium hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coarse hair has the largest diameter and is stronger than fine hair. It is stronger than fine hair, for the same reason that a thick rope is stronger than a thin rope. Coarse hair also has a stronger structure. It usually requires more processing than medium or fine hair and may also be more resistant to that processing. It is usually more difficult for hair lighteners, haircolors, permanent waving solutions, and chemical hair relaxers to penetrate coarse hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hair with a medium texture has medium diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pediculosis capitis is the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice. Pediculosis capitis (puh-dik-yuh-LOH-sis KAP-ih-tis) is the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice. As these animal parasites feed on the scalp, itching occurs and the scratching that usually results can cause an infection. Head lice are transmitted from one person to another by contact with infested hats, combs, brushes, and other personal articles. You can distinguish them from dandruff flakes by looking closely at the scalp with a magnifying glass. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tinea capitis is characterized by red papules at the opening of the hair follicles. All forms of tinea are contagious and can be easily transmitted from one person to another. Infected skin scales or hairs that contain the fungi are known to spread the disease. Bathtubs, swimming pools, and unsanitary personal articles are also sources of transmission. Practicing approved sanitization and disinfection procedures will help prevent the spread of this disease. A client with this condition should be referred to a physician for medical treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pityriasis steatoides (stee-uh-TOY-deez) is a scalp inflammation marked by fatty (greasy or waxy) types of dandruff. Greasy or waxy scalp scales mix with sebum and stick to the scalp in patches or crusts. Constant itching may cause the person to scratch the scalp. If greasy scales are torn off, bleeding or oozing of sebum may result. A client with this condition should be referred to a physician for medical treatment. |
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Term
| pityriasis capitis simplex |
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Definition
| Dry dandruff is typical of pityriasis capitis simplex. |
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Term
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Definition
| The dermal papilla (puh-PIL-uh) is a small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. The dermal papilla contains the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pheomelanin is found in the cortex of the hair shaft. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Eumelanin is found in the cortex of the hair shaft. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hair with low porosity is considered resistant. Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a more alkaline solution than those on hair with high porosity. Alkaline solutions raise the cuticle and permit uniform saturation and processing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scabies “itch” is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite burrowing under the skin. Vesicles (blisters) and pustules (inflamed pimples with pus) usually form on the scalp from the irritation caused by this animal parasite. Excessive itching results in scratching the infected areas and makes the condition worse. Practicing approved sanitization and disinfection procedures will help prevent the spread of this disease. A client with this condition should be referred to a physician for medical treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| tinea, or ringworm ARE CAUSED BY A FUNGUS |
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Term
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Definition
| An infestation of head lice is called pediculosis capitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal hair loss is called alopecia (al-oh-PEE-shah). The most common types of abnormal hair loss are androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, and postpartum alopecia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trichoptilosis is the technical term for split ends |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle. This is where the hair shaft begins. As soon as these living cells form, they begin their journey upward through the hair follicle. They mature in a process called keratinization (kair-uh-ti-ni-ZAY-shun). As these newly formed cells mature, they fill up with a fibrous protein called keratin, then move upward, lose their nucleus, and die. By the time the hair shaft emerges from the scalp, the cells of the hair are completely keratinized and are no longer living. The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of keratinized protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alopecia areata is an unpredictable autoimmune disease. Alopecia areata (air-ee-AH-tah) is characterized by the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots, and may occur on the scalp and elsewhere on the body. It is a highly unpredictable skin disease that affects almost five million people in the United States alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete body hair loss is called alopecia universalis |
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Term
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Definition
| Androgenic alopecia is characterized by male pattern baldness in men. In men, androgenic alopecia is known as male pattern baldness and usually progresses to the familiar horseshoe-shaped fringe of hair. In women, it shows up as a generalized thinning over the entire crown area. Androgenic alopecia affects about 40 million men and 20 million women in the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| Postpartum alopecia is hair loss experienced at the conclusion of pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cortex, middle layer of the hair, is made up of millions of polypeptide chains. These polypeptide chains are cross-linked together, like a ladder, by three different types of side bonds: hydrogen bonds, salt bonds, and disulfide bonds. These side bonds hold the hair fibers in place and account for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair. These side bonds are essential to wet sets, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing |
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Term
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Definition
| Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for men only. Although finasteride is more effective and convenient than minoxidil, possible side effects include weight gain and loss of sexual function. Women may not use this treatment, and pregnant women or those who might become pregnant are cautioned not to even touch the drug because of the strong potential for birth defects. |
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Term
| The ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin |
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Definition
| These two different types of melanin are present in the hair in different ratios that determine the natural color. All natural hair color is the result of the ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin, along with the total number and size of pigment granules. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hair stream is hair flowing in the same direction. It is the result of follicles sloping in the same direction. Two streams flowing in opposite directions form a natural part in the hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cowlick is a tuft of hair standing straight up. |
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Term
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Definition
| A whorl is hair that forms a circular pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some extremely curly hair has a natural tendency to form a coil like a telephone cord or the spring in an ink pen. Coiled hair usually has a fine texture, with many individual strands winding together to form the coiled locks that characterize this type of hair. Coiled hair usually has low elasticity, breaks easily, and has a tendency to knot, especially on the ends. Gentle scalp manipulations, conditioning shampoo, and a detangling rinse help minimize tangles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trichorrhexis nodosa (trik-uh-REK-sis nuh-DOH-suh), or knotted hair, is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft. The hair breaks easily, and the broken fibers spread out like a brush along the hair shaft. Treatments include softening the hair with conditioners and moisturizers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monilethrix is the technical term for beaded hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragilitas crinium is the technical term for brittle hair |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertrichosis is the technical term for abnormal hair growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The follicle is a tube-like depression in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. The main structures of the hair root are the follicle, bulb, papilla, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| The bulb is a thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hair root is the part of the hair located below the surface of the scalp. |
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Term
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Definition
| The arrector pili is a minute, involuntary muscle fiber in the skin inserted in the base of the hair follicle. The arrector pili (ah-REK-tohr PY-ly) is a minute, involuntary muscle fiber in the skin inserted in the base of the hair follicle. Fear or cold causes it to contract, which makes the hair stand up straight, resulting in “goose bumps.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The integument (in-TEG-guh-ment) is the outer covering that encloses the entire body. It includes the hair, skin, and nails and is the largest and fastest-growing organ of the human body. Full-grown human hair is divided into two parts: the hair root and the hair shaft. The hair root is the part of the hair located below the surface of the scalp. The hair shaft is the portion of the hair that projects above the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| All successful salon services must begin with a thorough analysis of the client's hair type and its present condition in order to determine beforehand the results that can reasonably be expected from the service. Since different types of hair react differently to the same service, it is essential that a thorough analysis be performed prior to all salon services. Hair analysis is performed by observation using the senses of sight, touch, hearing, and smell. The four most important factors to consider in hair analysis are texture, porosity, elasticity, and density. Other factors that you should also be aware of are growth pattern as well as dryness and oiliness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hair is approximately 91 percent protein. The protein is made up of long chains of amino acids, which, in turn, are made up of elements. The elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These five elements are also the major elements found in skin and nails and are often referred to as the COHNS elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this permanent hair replacement technique, small sections of hair, including the follicle, papilla, and bulb, are transplanted into the bald area. In addition to the treatments described above, there are also several surgical options available. Transplants, or hair plugs, are probably the most common permanent hair replacement technique. The process consists of removing small sections of hair, including the follicle, papilla, and bulb, from an area where there is a lot of hair (usually in the back) and transplanting them into the bald area. These sections, or bulbs, grow normally in the new location. Only licensed surgeons may perform this procedure, and several surgeries are usually necessary to achieve the desired results. The cost of each surgery ranges from $8,000 to over $20,000. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pheomelanin (fee-oh-MEL-uh-nin) provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blonde tones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eumelanin provides black color. Eumelanin provides brown tones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gray and white hair lack pigment, or melanin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ringed hair is a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand. |
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Term
| Inactive sebaceous glands |
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Definition
| Dry hair and scalp is caused by inactive sebaceous glands and is aggravated by a dry winter or desert climate. The lack of natural oils (sebum) leads to a flaky scalp and hair that appears dull, dry, and lifeless. Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and emollients. Frequent shampooing should be avoided, along with the use of strong soaps, detergents, or products with a high alcohol content because they may aggravate the condition. Dry hair should not be confused with overly porous hair that has been damaged by thermal styling, environmental forces, or chemical services. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hair density measures the number of individual hair strands on one square inch (2.5 cm) of scalp. It indicates how many hairs there are on a person's head. Hair density can be classified as low, medium, or high (or thin, medium, or thick-dense). Hair density is different from hair texture in that different individuals with the same hair texture can have different densities. Some individuals may have coarse hair texture (each hair has a large diameter), but low hair density (a low number of hairs on the head). Others may have fine hair texture (each hair has a small diameter), but high hair density (a high number of hairs on the head). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Elasticity is one of the most important factors in a hair analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solution that has a pH below 7.0, tastes sour, and turns litmus paper from blue to red |
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Term
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Definition
| shampoo that is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5) |
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Term
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Definition
| perms with a pH between 7.8 and 8.2 that process at room temperature and do not require the added heat of a hair dryer; process more quickly and produce firmer curls than true acid waves |
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Term
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Definition
| oxidizer added to hydrogen peroxide to increase its chemical action |
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Term
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Definition
| solution that has a pH above 7.0, tastes bitter, and turns litmus paper from red to blue |
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Term
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Definition
Related Term: cold waves
permanent waves that process at room temperature without the addition of heat; most alkaline waves have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6 |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (al-kan-oh-LAH-mynz)
substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products; often used in place of ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (uh-MOH-nee-uh)
colorless gas with a pungent odor, composed of hydrogen and nitrogen; used as an alkalizing agent to raise the pH |
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Term
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Definition
| perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (uh-MOH-nee-um thy-oh-GLY-kuh-layt)
Related Term: ATG
main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents |
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Term
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Definition
| the space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point; in haircutting, the hair is held away from the head to create an angle of elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| uncolored dye precursors (very small compounds that can diffuse into the hair shaft) that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent tint molecules in the cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| highest point on the top of the head |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (ap-uh-noo-ROH-sus)
tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis |
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Term
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Definition
| hairstyle design that features unequal proportions designed to balance facial features |
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Term
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Definition
Related Term: ammonium thioglycolate
main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (aw-rik-yuh-LAIR-is)
muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (aw-rik-yuh-LAIR-is)
muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward |
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Term
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Definition
Pronunciation: (aw-RIK-yuh-loh-TEM-puh-rul)
nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| technique used to build a soft cushion or mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb-out; also called ruffing |
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Term
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Definition
| combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base; also called teasing, ratting, matting, or French lacing |
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Term
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Definition
| harmony or proportion; in hairstyling, it signifies the proper degree of height and width |
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Term
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Definition
| shampoos that wash away excess oiliness from oily hair and scalp, while keeping the hair from drying out |
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Term
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Definition
Related Term: free-form technique
painting a lightener (usually powder lightener) directly onto clean, styled hair |
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Term
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Definition
| Latin word meaning the beard or the hair of the beard |
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Term
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Definition
| pin curls with large center openings; are fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base |
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Term
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Definition
| the stationary, or nonmoving, foundation of a pin curl, which is the area closest to the scalp; the panel of hair on which a roller is placed |
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Term
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Definition
| the predominant tonality of an existing color |
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Term
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Definition
| the position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped |
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Term
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Definition
| oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing |
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Term
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Definition
| the angle at which the tool is positioned on the head (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxers that require the application of base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer |
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Term
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Definition
| subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping; one tool is normally placed on each base section |
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Term
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Definition
| perm wrap in which all the tools within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-size bases; all base sections are horizontal, with the same length and width as the perm tool |
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Term
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Definition
| tapering the ends of the hair |
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Term
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Definition
| head-shaped form, usually made of canvas-covered cork or Styrofoam, to which the wig is secured for fitting, cleaning, coloring, and styling |
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Term
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Definition
| technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation |
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Term
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Definition
| haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area; it is cut with no elevation or overdirection; also referred to as a one-length, zero-elevation, or no-elevation cut |
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Term
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Definition
| method of attaching hair extensions in which hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or a glue gun |
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Term
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Definition
| perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| salon time allotted for performing various services |
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Term
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Definition
| renting a booth or station in a salon (also known as chair rental) |
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Term
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Definition
| perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying; base sections are offset from each other row by row |
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Term
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Definition
| Cura is a Latin word meaning “care.” |
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Term
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Definition
| Coiffure is a French word meaning “style or manner of arranging the hair.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The term “cosmetology” is derived from kosmetikos. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form is the outline of the overall hairstyle as seen from all angles. It is three-dimensional and changes as it is viewed from different angles. The silhouette is typically the aspect of the overall design that a client will react to first. Generally, it is best to use forms that are simple and pleasing to the eye. The hair form should be in proportion to the shape of the head and face, the length and width of the neck, and the shoulder line. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrow forehead: Direct hair away from the face at the forehead. Lighter highlights can be used at the temples to create the illusion of width. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large chin: The hair should be either longer or shorter than the chin line so as to not draw attention to the chin. |
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Term
| VICA (Vocational Industrial Clubs of America, Inc.) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology |
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Definition
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Term
| National Cosmetology Association (NCA) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| National Accrediting Commission of Cosmetology Arts & Sciences (NACCAS) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Independent Cosmetic Manufacturers and Distributors (ICMAD) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fashion and Beauty Internet Association |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cosmetology Educators Association (CEA) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cosmetology Advancement Foundation (CAF) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Beauty and Barber Supply Institute (BBSI) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| American Society of Esthetic Medicine (ASEM) |
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Definition
| beautyworks.com/asem/index.html |
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Term
| American Health & Beauty Aids Institute (AHBAI) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| American Beauty Association (ABA) |
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Definition
| AmericanBeautyAssociation.ORG |
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Term
| American Association of Cosmetology Schools (AACS) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Aesthetics International Association |
|
Definition
| beautyworks.com/aia/index.html |
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Term
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Definition
| the range of colors from yellow and gold through oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and some yellow-greens |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of movement in the hair strand; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly |
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Term
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Definition
| distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger waving procedure |
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Related Term: pomade
styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair by causing strands to join together, showing separation in the hair |
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| wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas |
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| coloring technique in which selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a zigzag motion of the comb, and lightener or color is applied only to these strands |
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| strips of human or artificial hair woven by hand or machine onto a thread |
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| A visual “line” in the haircut, where the ends of the hair hang together; the line of maximum length within the weight area: heaviest perimeter area of a 0-degree (one-length) or 45-degree (graduated) cut |
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| referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all the visible rays of the spectrum |
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| hair that forms in a circular pattern, as on the crown |
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| artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair |
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Related Term: natural
natural colors, such as henna, obtained from the leaves or bark of plants |
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| the first time the hair is tinted |
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| three-strand braid made by the underhand technique, in which the strands of hair are woven under the center strand |
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| electromagnetic radiation that can be seen |
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| thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume |
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| styling product that adds volume to the shape, especially at the base, when the hair is blow-dried |
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| effect produced by cutting the hair at the same length consistently, using a 90-degree elevation |
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| hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders |
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Related Term: ticket upgrading
the practice of recommending and selling additional services to clients |
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| haircuts in which there is an even blend from very short at the hairline to longer lengths as you move up the head; “to taper” is to narrow progressively at one end |
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Pronunciation: (TEM-puh-rul)
bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region |
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Definition
Pronunciation: (TEM-puh-rul)
nerve that affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek |
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Pronunciation: (tem-poh-RAY-lis)
temporal muscle; one of the muscles involved in mastication (chewing) |
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| nonpermanent color whose large pigment molecules prevent penetration of the cuticle layer, allowing only a coating action that may be removed by shampooing |
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| amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the section |
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| the long, soft hair found on the scalp, also on legs, arms, and body of both males and females |
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| intermediate color achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts |
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| removing excess bulk without shortening the length; changing the appearance or behavior of hair, through specific haircutting techniques, using shears, thinning shears, or a razor |
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| lamps used to produce artificial light rays in the salon |
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| thermal waving and curling |
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| methods of waving and curling straight or pressed hair using thermal irons and special manipulative techniques on dry hair |
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Pronunciation: (THY-oh)
relaxers that usually have a pH above 10 and a higher concentration of ammonium thioglycolate than is used in permanent waving |
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| perm that uses an ingredient other than ammonium thioglycolate as the primary reducing agent |
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Pronunciation: (thy-oh-GLY-kuh-lik)
colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor; provides the hydrogen that causes the reduction reaction in permanent waving solutions |
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Related Term: color
prepared commercial products designed to remove artificial pigment from the hair |
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Related Term: tone
term used to describe the warmth or coolness of a color |
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Related Term: tonality
term used to describe the warmth or coolness of a color |
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| semipermanent, demipermanent, and permanent haircolor products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors |
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| small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head |
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| attachment method in which hair extensions are secured at the base of the client’s own hair by sewing |
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| guideline that moves as the haircutting progresses, used often when creating layers or graduation; also referred to as moving or movable guideline |
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Pronunciation: (try-ang-gyuh-LAY-rus)
muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth |
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| perms that have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to speed processing; process more slowly than alkaline waves and do not usually produce as firm a curl |
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| wig hair in which the root end of every hair strand is sewn into the base so that the cuticles of all hair strands slope in the same direction |
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