Macule: Flat, non palpable change in the skin color. 

Macules are smaller than 1cm with a circumscribed border

Examples: freckles, measles,petechiae

patch: larger than 1cm and may have an irregular boarder

Examples: Mongolian spots, Port-wine stains,vitiligo, and chloasma

 Nodules: Elevated, solid,Hard of soft palpable mass extending deeper into the dermis.

Nodules are smaller than 2cm and have circumscribed borders.

Examples: lipoma, sqaumous cell carcinoma, fibroma, and intradermal nevi

Plaque: groups of papules that form lesions lkarger than 0.5cm.

Examples: psoriasis, actinic, kratosis, lichen planus

Papule: Elevated, solid palpable masses with a circumscribed border.

Papules: smaller than 0.5cm.

Examples elevated moles, warts, lichen planus

 Vesicle: Elevated, fluid-filled, round or oval shaped, palpable masses with thin, translucent walls and circumscribed borders 

Vesicles are smaller than 0.5cm

Examples: herpes simplex/ zoster early chickenpox, position ivy, and small burn blisters.

Tumor: may have irregular borders and are larger than 2cm.

Examples: large lipoma, carcinoma, and hemangioma

Pustule: An elevated, pus-filled vesicle o bulla with a circumscribed border. 

Examples: acne, impetigo, and carbuncles (large boils).

Cyst:Elevated, encapsulated, fluid-filled or semisolid mass originating in subcutaneous tissue or dermis

 Examples: sebaceous cysts and epidermoid cyst.

Bullae: are larger than 0.5cm.

Examples: contact dermatitis, friction blisters, and larger burn blisters

Wheal: An elevated, often reddish area with an irregular border caused by diffuse fluid in tissues. Sizes varies.

Examples: insect bites, hives

Atrophy: A translucent, dry, paper like, sometimes wrinkled skin surface resulting from thinning or wasting of the skin due to loss of collagen

Examples: striae, aged skin

Erosion: wearing away of the superficial epidermis

Examples: scratch marks, ruptured vesicles

Keloid: An elevated, irregular, darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation.

example:Keloid from ear piercing or surgery

scales: Shedding flakes or greasy keratinized skins tissue. color may be white gray or silver.

Examples Dry Skin,Dandruff, psoriasis, and eczema.

Fissure: A linear crack with sharp edges extending

examples cracks at the corners of the mouth or in the hands

examples: Cracks at the corners of the the mouth or in the hands athlete's foot.

Lichenification: A rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as scratching or rubbing.

Examples: chronic dermatitis

Scar: A flat irregular area of connective tissue left after a lesion or wound has healed. New scars may be slivery or white.

Examples: Healed surgical wound or injury, healed acne.

Ulcer: A deep, irregularly shaped are of skin loss extending into the dermis or subcutaneous

Examples:stasis ulcers, chancres

Excoriation

Koilonychia

Concavity and thinning of the nails, koilonychia, or spoon nails, are commonly a congenital condition or result from an iron deficiency 

Spoon nail 

Beau's lines

Occur due to trauma or illness affection nail formation. A linear depression develops at the base and moves distally as the nail grows 

(2) dents 

Paronychia

An infection of the skin adjacent to the nail, usually caused by bacteria or fungi. Affected area becomes red, swollen, and painful; pus may ooze from affected area

Splinter Hemorrhage 

Can occur as a result of trauma or in endocarditis (infection of the heart valves). These appear as reddish-brown spots in the nail 

Clubbing

The nail appears more convex and wide;the nail angle is greater than 160 degrees

Onycholysis

Fungal nail infection that causes the nails to thicken and lift off the nail bed and appear white, yellow, or opaque

Finger nail or toe nail separating from nail bed