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hair/nail dz & drug eruptions
PA CLin Med
50
Health Care
Graduate
12/09/2009

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Cards

Term
diffuse alopecia following (3-5m) after systemic stress childbirth, surgery, severe medical illness:
Definition
Telogen Effluvium
Term
androgenic alopecia: define/etiology
Definition
male pattern hair loss caused by dihydrotestosterone - can also be seen in women
Term
pathophysiology of androgenic alopecia:
Definition
DHT causes progressive shortening of anagen cycles and miniturization of follicles
Term
is telogen effluvium acute or chronic?
Definition
mostly acute after a specific trigger but can become chronic
Term
what is the pattern of loss from telogen effluvium?
Definition
clumps of hair in the shower or hair brush
Term
telogen effluvium tx:
Definition
1. adress underlying condition
2. stress reduction (how well are they sleeping)
3. rogain (minoxidil)
Term
androgen alopecia tx:
Definition
1. surgery
2. rogain/finasteride
3. laser
Term
rapid onset, round or oval area alopecia most common in children and young adults may have associated nail changes:
Definition
alopecia areata
Term
etiology of alopecia areata:
Definition
autoimmune
Term
tapered hairs resembling exclamation points may be seen at the margin of the area of loss:
Definition
alopecia areata
Term
prognosis of alopecia areata:
Definition
98% self limiting
Term
alopecia areata tx:
Definition
1. anthralin
2. topical minoxidil
3. intralesional glucocorticoid
4. oral/topical steroids
Term
onychomycosis:
Definition
fungal infection of the nails
Term
2 common pathogens in onychomycosis:
Definition
1. T. rubrum
2. T. metagrophytes
Term
lab testing in onychomycosis:
Definition
1. KOH
2. culture
3. histology (PAS stain)
Term
4 patterns of onychomycosis:
Definition
1. distal subungual
2. proximal subungual
3. white superficial
4. candida
Term
most common paen of onychomycosis:
Definition
distal subungual
Term
candida onychomycosis is almost exclusively found in:
Definition
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Term
onychomycosis tx:
Definition
1. oral antifungals
2. surgical nail avulsion
3. topical - penlac & urea
Term
painful swelling of the proximal nail folds that may follow trauma or manipulation of the cuticles:
Definition
Paronychia
Term
causative organism of acute paronychia:
Definition
staph
Term
acute paronychia tx:
Definition
1. incision and drainage
2. systemic antibiotics
Term
describe chronic paronychia:
Definition
chronic inflammatory dz involving several fingers usually due to exposure to irritants
Term
chronic paronychia tx:
Definition
1. avoidance of irritants
2. keeps hands dry
3. topical steroids
Term
dermagraphism present <6wks triggered by drugs, food, infections, inhalents:
Definition
acute utricaria
Term
common cause of acute utricaria in adults:
Definition
drugs
Term
common cause of acute utricaria in children:
Definition
infections
Term
acute utricaria tx:
Definition
1. oral H1 antagonist or H2 antagonist
2. avoid allergens
3. systemic steroids
4. epinephrine for anaphylaxis
Term
etiology of chronic utricaria:
Definition
unknown
Term
what conditions may exacerbate sx of chronic utricaria:
Definition
1. drugs
2. illness
3. stress
Term
individual lesions from chronic utricaria last:
Definition
less than 24hrs
Term
chronic utricaria may be considered an ____ ______ dz rather than an allergic dz.
Definition
auto immune
Term
chronic utricaria tx:
Definition
1. antihistamines H1, H2 if needed
2. systemic steroids
3. stop all non-essential meds
Term
hypersensitivity rxn that can be caused by any drug & always occurs at the same cutaneous mucosal site:
Definition
Fixed drug eruption
Term
describe lesions from a fixed drug eruption:
Definition
1. lesions range from a few millimeters to 20cm
2. may be multiple lesions
3. begin as papule or plaque that develops 0.5-8hrs after drug admin
Term
favored sites for fixed drug eruptions:
Definition
1. hands
2. feet
3. genitalia
Term
which drugs elicit a fixed drug eruption of the penis:
Definition
tetracycline & ampicillin
Term
aspirin usually causes lesions on the:
Definition
1. face
2. limbs
3. trunk
Term
targetoid, sometimes w central vesicles, bulla or purpura located on distal extremities, dorsal hands, and extensor forearms from drugs or bugs:
Definition
erythema multiforme
Term
erythema multiforme is often associated with:
Definition
HSV or mycoplasma infection but may also be caused by malignancy, pregnancy or drugs
Term
erythema multiforme is much more serious if it involves:
Definition
mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals
Term
abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, malaise, HA, arthralgia and occular involvement with bula over lips, mouth and genitals:
Definition
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Term
mortality rate for SJS:
Definition
5%
Term
SJS tx:
Definition
1. tx sources of infection
2. stop offending drug
3. wound care
Term
which organism has been assoc with SJS
Definition
mycoplasma pneumonia
Term
prodromal sx of N/V/D, angina then morbilliform rash and large tender areas of skin - considered a medical emergency:
Definition
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Term
the rash of late stage toxic epidermal necrolysis resembles:
Definition
2nd degree burn; blistering and wide spread exfoliation
Term
etiology of toxic epidermal necrolysis:
Definition
reaction to:
1. drugs
2. infection
3. radiation therapy
4. vaccinations
Term
which areas of the body are spared in toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Definition
hairy areas of the body
Term
toxic epidermal necrolysis tx:
Definition
1. steroids (contraversial)
2. cyclosporin
3. plasma exchange
4. burn center tx
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