Term
| Virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae |
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Definition
capsule b (a ~ f)
nontypeable (w/o capsule) species exacerbate COPD |
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Term
| Infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b |
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Definition
* Meningitis
* Acute epiglottitis: fever, sore throat, stridor, dysphagia
* Septic arthritis: common cause in infants
* Sepsis |
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Term
| Treatment of serious H. influenzae infection? |
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Definition
| 3rd generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) |
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Term
| Disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Definition
| Chancroid. A type of STD: painful genital ulcer, painful unilateral swollen inguinal node |
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Term
| How does syphilis differ from H. ducreyi infection? |
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Definition
* painLESS genital ulcer
* painLESS, NONsuppurative, BIlateral inguinal adenopathy |
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Term
| How is herpes different from chancroid? |
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Definition
| Herpes lesions are also painful, but herpes leads to systemic symptoms such as fever and myalgias |
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Term
| Slow growing bacteria that cause endocarditis (5) |
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Definition
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Kingella
Eikenella |
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Term
| Which bacteria causes vaginitis and presents with clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells with tiny pleomorphic bacilli w/n the cytoplasm)? |
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Definition
| Gardnerella vaginalis. Treat with metronidazole. |
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Term
| What causes whooping cough? |
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Definition
| Bordetella pertussis, which attach to the ciliated epithelial cells of trachea and bronchi |
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Term
| 4 virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis |
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Definition
* Pertussis toxin: increase cAMP
* extra cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase
* filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA): binds to cell
* tracheal cytotoxin: responsible for violent cough |
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Term
| characteristics of CBC differential of Bordetella pertussis infection? |
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Definition
| Increase in lymphocytes, with just a modest increase in PMN (~ viral infection) |
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Term
| prophylactic treatment during prodromal/catarrhal stage of whooping cough? |
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Definition
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Term
| Live in water environments, facultative intracellular parasite, in lower respiratory tract, survives in biofilm. Which bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two diseases caused by Legionella pneumophilia? |
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Definition
* Pontiac fever: headache, myalgia, fatigue, fever, chills. Sudden onset, sudden cure
* Legionnaires' disease: high fever, severe pneumonia |
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Term
| Treatment of Legionella pneumophilia infection |
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Definition
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
tetracyclines (doxycycline)
quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) |
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