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Habitat and Humanity test 2
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125
Anthropology
Undergraduate 3
03/31/2008

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define ethnography
Definition
writing about a group of people
Term
Define ethnology
Definition

Study of an ethnic group(s), culture(s), etc. usually via comparison

Term
Define archetype
Definition
Initial/first of its type
Term
List the three basic architectual forms
Definition

circle, triangle square

 

basic forms of mandala 

Term
Who were the three people noted to be the founders of archetypes?
Definition
Pythagoras, Plato, Carl Jung
Term
Pythagoras date and relevance?
Definition
582-507 B.C., each person a microcosm
Term
Plato, date and relevance?
Definition
427-347 BC, idea a circle?
Term
What is a "monad"?
Definition
Circle with dot in center
Term
Carl Jung, date and relevance?
Definition

1875-1961, "Archetypes of Collective Unconscious"

 

Circle = universal image 

Term
What is Animism?
Definition
Existance = matter and spirit living seperately
Term
What is Animatism?
Definition

Inanimate things possess a life form

 

Everything is alive or has life

Term
Sengei, date and relevance?
Definition

1750-1837, Universe (Square, Triangle, Circle)  reading from right to left.

Term
What did the square mean to Sengai?
Definition
increasing manifestation
Term
What did the circle mean to Sengai?
Definition
infinity
Term
What did the triangle mean to Sengai?
Definition
Initial form
Term
What is "imago mundi," both literally and figuratively?
Definition

"image of the world"

--the house is a physical image or representation of the world. 

Term
What is A-frame principal of construction?  Give an example.
Definition

Logs laid in the shape of an A: /\

 

Ex. Miwok 

Term
What is an undifferentiated structure?  give an example
Definition

rafters/roof the same, contiguous

tepee, miwok housing 

Term
What is/are kachina(s)?
Definition

Deities of Pueblo (Hopi, Acoma) peoples 

Term
List the three parts of Rites of Passage as described by Arnold van Gennep.
Definition

Separation

Transition

Re-incorporation 

Term
What does Hopi-Tu mean?
Definition
Peaceful People
Term
What shape is the Hopi kiva?
Definition
rectangular
Term
What shape is the Acoma Kiva?
Definition
Circular
Term
In the Kiva, how many worlds are there?
Definition
4
Term
In the Kiva, what is the 1st world, and what is it represented by?
Definition

"Endless Space"

the Sipapu symbolizes place of emergence of ancestors

 Where "first people" are from

Term
What is the Sipapu?
Definition
Hole in the floor of a kiva that represents the emergence hole of the deities/ancestors from the 1st world
Term
In the Kiva, what is the 2nd world and what is it represented by?
Definition

"Dark midnight"

Chosen People

 

represented by Lower floor/walls (cold?) 

Term
In the Kiva, what is the 3rd world and what is it represented by?
Definition

"Creation," where animals were supposedly created... and "Spider women?"

Ancestors

 

Represented by upper flor/wall (water?) 

Term
In the Kiva, what is the 4th world and what is it represented by?
Definition

The world complete

 

Earth, land above the Kiva 

Term
What is a myth charter?
Definition

Origin of certain styles of architecture from creation myths

 

e.g. Kiva (Pueblo Hopi/Acoma) Hogan (Navajo) 

Term
In Black Elk Speaks,what is the location of things in the Great Vision?
Definition

Hoop to S

Grandfather to N

Bow to W

Sun to E

 

FLOWERING TREE in CENTER 

Term
The Turkmen call their dwelling a ______.
Definition
Yurt
Term
The Mongolians call their dwelling a ________.
Definition
Gher
Term
The Turkmen and Mongolians live ___________ lifestyles.
Definition
Nomadic/pastorial
Term
Who was Genghis Khan?  Give dates.
Definition

1162-1227, united many of the tribes of NE Asia and founded the Mongol empire.

 

Originally named Temujin 

Term
Who was Temujin?
Definition
Genghis Khan
Term
What is a Khagan?
Definition
Great Khan
Term
What is a Khaganate?
Definition
Khan's Empire
Term
Date of Mongolian Empire?
Definition
1206-1405
Term
Who was Kublai Khan, date?
Definition
Grandson of Genghis Khan (1215-1294)
Term
What is an Ordo?
Definition
Siberian name for Yurt
Term
What are the Eight Great White Ordon?
Definition
8 Ordos/Yurts spread about the Altai Mountains in commemoration of Genghis Khan
Term
What mountains are synonymous with the Mongols?
Definition
Altai Mountains
Term
What element were the Kachina sometimes seen as?
Definition
water
Term
What tribe and band is Black Elk a member of?
Definition
Lakota, Ogala OF THE SIOUX NATION
Term
Black Elk's seasons are demarcated in what way?
Definition
changes in nature
Term
In Black Elk Speaks, how many grandfathers are there?
Definition
6
Term
In Black Elk Speaks, how many directions are there?
Definition
6, up, down, cardinal directions
Term
In B.E.S., who is the 6th grandfather?
Definition
Black Elk
Term
What is Black Elk's spirit name?
Definition
Eagle Wing Stretches
Term
In the Kiva, how is the ladder distinguished among other ladders?
Definition
No rungs above the earth
Term
In the Kiva, what is the ladder made of (traditionally)?
Definition
pine
Term
In the Kiva, what does the ladder stand for?
Definition
Rainbow
Term
In the Yurt, what is the name of the lattice wall structure?
Definition
Khana
Term
In the Yurt, what is the architectual name of the hole in the roof?
Definition
Oculus
Term
In the Yurt, what is the laymen's term for the hole in the ceiling?
Definition
Crown
Term
In the Yurt, what is the native name for the hole in the ceiling?
Definition
Eye of Heaven
Term
What does Hogan mean?
Definition
home place
Term
What is the name that the Navajo give themselves?
Definition
Dineh
Term
What is the name of the Navajo myth charter?
Definition
Blessingway Chant
Term
Who is Talking God?
Definition
Dineh Deity
Term
Who is Changing Woman?
Definition
To the Dineh, wife of the Sun
Term
Define corbelling?
Definition

stacking of logs/rafters/etc. to make a conical spiral pattern

 

As seen on the female hogan 

Term
What is the movement pattern in a Hogan?
Definition
sunwise
Term
What is a sunwise pattern of movement in a Hogan?
Definition
Enters, encircles hearth on SOUTH side in a clockwise direction and exits by the NORTH side
Term
In what direction do hogans face?
Definition
E, towards the rising sun
Term
In what direction does the Yurt/Gher face?
Definition
E or SW, depending on the tribe
Term
What is the likaah?
Definition
to the Dineh, symbolic 'dry painting' in coloured earths -- healing ceremony where the sick sits in the center and is healed OFTEN A CHILD
Term
What happens in the Hogan when someone dies?
Definition
Body is removed through an opening made in the NORTH wall and the hogan is abanoned and allowed to collapse
Term
On what side of the hogan is a deceased inhabitant removed?
Definition
hole in the N side
Term
What anthropological concepts does the likaah possess?
Definition
contagion, anthropomorphism, animatism
Term
What is concatenation?
Definition

repitition of similar forms

 

seen in the corbelled roof of the female hogan 

Term
What is Wakon Tonka?
Definition
Lakota 'Great Spirit,' or 'God'
Term
What is the name of the Great Spirit according to Black Elk?
Definition
Wakon Tonka
Term
What is the name of the flowering tree in the center of the hoop of the world in B.E.S.?
Definition
waga chun
Term
According to B.E.S., where is the center of the world?
Definition
anywhere, you carry your center with you
Term
How many logs typically/ideally make up a hogan?
Definition
~50-60
Term
What row of the Hogan is traditionally where corbelling begins?
Definition
13th
Term
Kinship for the Dineh is __________.
Definition
matrilineal and matrilocal
Term
What is "Hozho"?
Definition
Navajo/Dineh concept of beauty, "elemental rightness..." core of Navajo belief
Term
Who is Amma?
Definition
God of Dogon people, created the world
Term
Where do the Dogon reside?
Definition

republic of Mali

 

SOUTH of Niger River 

Term
Where do the Dogon typically reside?
Definition
on the sides of cliffs
Term
Why do the Dogon live on the sides of cliffs?
Definition
Originally to escape the Toreh raiders
Term
What do Dogon houses consist of?
Definition
adobe brick
Term
What is the toguna?  Where is it traditionally located?
Definition

Open-sided, post and lintel thatch roof house where priests/men gather

 

Represents the head of a village (N), just below the Smithy

Term
In a Dogon village, where is the smithy?
Definition
furthest N point of the "seed" shaped village
Term
In the Dogon village, family houses are located ______ and represent the _______.
Definition
center of the village, chest
Term
In the Dogon village, __________ represent female genitals.
Definition
Stones for oil-crushing
Term
In the Dogon village, ________ represents the male genitalia
Definition
Village altar
Term
In the Dogon village, _________ represent the feet.
Definition
Altars, (S) of village
Term

In the Dogon village, Women's houses are located on the __________ and represent the __________.

 

Men's houses are on the __________ side and represent the _________. 

Definition
West, left hand; East, right hand
Term
What is the ginu da?
Definition
to the Dogon, the big house of a lineage cluster
Term
What does the ginu da generally represent as a whole?
Definition
the human body, specifically a male lying on his right side in the act of procreation
Term
In the ginu da, the head is represented by the __________.
Definition
kitchen
Term
In the ginu da, the hearth stones represent the _________.
Definition
eyes
Term
What is a dembere ?
Definition
central room of the ginu da, represents the belly
Term
In the ginu da, what represents the belly?
Definition
dembere, or central room
Term
In the ginu da, breasts are symbolized as ____________.
Definition
jars of water
Term
In the ginu da, ________ are symbolized as jars of water.
Definition
breasts
Term
In the ginu da, grinding stones are represented as _________.
Definition
sexual organs
Term
In the ginu da, limbs are represented by what?
Definition
goat houses and storage rooms (stores)
Term
What is Zoomorphism?
Definition
employment of animal forms and metaphors
Term
What is a malocca?
Definition
Community house to the Tukanoan people
Term
Where do the Tukanoan people live?
Definition
Between Colombia and Brazil
Term
On what river do the Tukanoan people live?
Definition
Pira-parana river
Term
In the malocca, where does the male end of the house face?
Definition
East
Term
On what side of the malocca are visitors received?
Definition
East (Male) side
Term
On what side of the malocca is the women's side?
Definition
west
Term
Malocca houses, and tukanoan culture in general is of  ___________ lineage.
Definition
Patrilineal
Term
What are the He wi?
Definition

Tukanoan initiation rituals

 

Hidden from women by a rattan screen 

Term
In B.E.S, white people are called _______?
Definition
wasichus
Term
What are the 5 eastern elements?
Definition
earth, wood, metal, water, fire
Term
In the pit houses, on which side of the smoke hole does the notched-log entry ladder normally rest against?
Definition
Eastern
Term
What are the dates for the Jomon Period?
Definition
13,500 BC - 300 BC
Term
Kiva means what?
Definition
Sacred chamber
Term
What is a Tateana?
Definition
3-4 ft deep, 10-20 ft diameter oval "pit house" of the Jomon
Term
What jewels are under each post in the Hogan?
Definition
white shell, turquoise, abalone, obsidian
Term
What are the typical dimensions of the Kiva?
Definition
25x15x10 ft
Term
What is the name of the Turkic yurt?
Definition
kirgiz
Term
What is the name of the Dineh diety?
Definition
Talking God
Term
The male hogan is modeled after... ?
Definition
Promontory on Gobernador Knob Mountain
Term
Female hogan is modeled after?
Definition
Huerfano Mountain
Term
What is a ramada ?
Definition
Unwalled shade shelters of sticks for the Dineh
Term
What is the forked stick hogan?
Definition
male hogan
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