Term
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Definition
Mie Prefecture, Japan
7th Century
Emperor Temmu
Prof. Lippit
Themes:
Nature
Metabolism (influenced by time)
Imperial architecture
Access (Exclusive site, hierarchy access, Reynolds)
Procession- From the forest, engrossed w/i
Materials:
Cypress Wood- gotten from central alps
Bronze Pieces fitted at ends (ornamentation)
Pieces were fitted together
Quick Facts:
Shinto Religion
Rebuilt every 20 years- major economic boost b/c entire country is involved (communal)
Rice Granaries influenced
Seated on Platform
Reading:
Reynolds [photo access]- photos of Wantanagraph allowed mass audience, normally wouldn't see inside the ise shrine, to get a glimpse of what it would look like. "ise-as-reproduction"
Extra Credit:
Hybrid Resolution: ancient rice granary is repurposed as a monument |
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Arc-et-senans, France
1775/3
Charles Ledoux (arch), French Monarchy (hierarchal)- Patron
Prof. Naginski
Themes:
Political (arch as agency or representation of ideology)- reflection of hierarchy in works- w/ director's house)
Nature- just being considered b/c of enlightenment, Ledoux is very concerned with health and environment of Chaux, also talks of the winds-- wanted healthy enviroment so radial design countered the peripheral winsd so that fumes of salt production were kept from workers.
Architectural Representation- plans, sections, elevations (Ledoux even included scale and legend)
Huge Complex- shows government involvement (chapel, gate houses, directors house in center, jails), meant to become its own city
Workers Housing
Governmental Patronage- reflected in size (huge) and layout- spacial arrangement was specific meant to have power at the front (gate house), less at back (salt production here). director's house center of complex, people's movement regulated by hierarchal ideals, with radial layout surrounding the central director its imposes discipiline being that everything revolves around the director, in that everything revolves around the monarch.
Quick Facts;
Location chosen based on proximity to water and wood (two necessities of salt production)
Readings:
Corbusier (domestic/production harmony in housing)- this is his ultimate goal, heavily influenced by monasteries, wants productive in houses, problem with domestic architecture is there is no harmony between domestic and work space, domestic lags. Corbusier would vehemently detest Chaux saltworks? (Maybe)
Extra Credit:
Utopian project (formed with ideal) |
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Definition
Athenian Acropolis, Greece
447-432 BC
Goddess Athena
Themes:
Processional- Movement of Architecture (Johnson Reading)
Wither Whence- Processional strait through athens, colonnade serves as welcoming, open and inviting "come hither" to gods, professor says
Movement- processional but even sculptures motion obsessed
Religious- home for god it honored
Materials:
Marble- entirely marble (constructed by slaves)
Limestone bed (stage-like ise and taj)
Quick Facts:
Roof channelled rain water
Geometric (like chaux)- column rows (influenced by egyptians)
Colonnade (row of columns)- either to show off, protect gods, physical shelter
Readings:
Philip Johnson- "whence and whither"- architecture is experience, sensory, entering (procession), says Acropolis has clean procession (the Propylaeum- processional strait, leads through city gates through athens, finishes at parthenon) takes care of the entrance), architecture is motion, clear entrance |
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Agra, India
1632- 1638
Shah Jahan (patron)
Prof Necipoglu
Themes:
Patron/Client/Architect relationship- (Friedman- Reading)
Patron v. Client: Patron- ownership over product, Client- architect has more independence
Metabolism: everlasting tribute,
Nature: Frozen, flowers that don't wilt engraved in
Manmade garden, and pools,doesn't blend with nature
Grand- dramatic!
Access: Mainly open to public, however there are special entrances only certain royal members can use hierarchy access,
Imperial Patron- Shah Jahan
Procession: easy access, monumental b/c of size, outside gates is market place that funds taj mahal, pilgrimage site
Geometrical- garden with central water tank, irregular octogonal form, palatial architecture (Koch reading!)
Materials:
White Marble
Quick Facts:
Platform
Permanent
Reading:
Friedman "Fansworth House"- patron/client relationship gone wrong, Mies van der rohe is architect who took too much patronage over the work, didn't listen to demands of client or didn't care because he pushed his own ideals of what a single woman's needs are, one not being privacy b/c she has no suitors.
Koch- Palatial, shape and plan drawn from this
Extra Credit:
Pietra Dura- frozen flower ornamentations
Heirarchy- in materials! white marble importance, red sandstone lesser side buildings |
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London (Hyde Park)
1851 (world exhibition)
Joseph Paxton
Prof Picon
Themes:
Materials
Construction Methods (technologies)- Industrial Revolution, architecture and form, CP makes line between arch and technology
Technology- "is embedded in culture, it too has cultural meaning "
Nature- no direct correlation, everything is pretty much manmade, but it's structure was based on a lily that could support a lot of weight, also wanted to protect some tree or something.
Government Patronage- England showing off, that its at the forefront of the industrial age with this new technology that could make a building of this scale using these materials. (remember it was the world exhibition)
Metabolism- building was temporary, quickly built, brought down 6 months later
Light: Would think its see through, but it actually isn't translucent, when inside huge space fills with light
Access: open to everybody, small entrance fee
Materials:
Built in parts, then assembled later
iron
Glass- window size determined by the biggest they could be blown
Fabric- interiors cloaked in fabric to hide steel and metal
Quick Facts:
Greenhouse influence- Paxton used to design these
roof collected water |
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Definition
Vienna
1927-1930
Karl Ehn
Prof. Blau
Themes:
Architecture as agent or representation of ideology (prof blau)
Political- Socialism (everybody equal), Proleteriat no longer hidden, westhausen used to hide them behind fake facades. Street facing windows, lack of corridor, private/ public space
Workers Housing- porous, proleteriat on display. Beacon of Socialism
Socialist Utopian city
Access: Looks like fortress but actually porous (stretches across multiple city blocks- super block), cant be accessed from outside everyone must come through the courtyards. Street punctured walls, flow in and out of inside/outside,
Nature: courtyards, expansive, s
Domestic/production harmony- Karl marx hof its separated, but labor is communal
Government Patron- Socialist party wanted this to display socialism(everybody equal), huge in scale
Quick Facts:
Coloring- comes from palace, socialist ideal, it sets proleteriat as equals with upper class
Imperial motifs- gets motifs from upper class and uses them for the working class
Small windows, in comparison to structure
Readings:
Corbusier- perfect harmony of domestic and production |
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