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HA Exam 2
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229
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
02/09/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

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Term
eupnea
Definition
good ventilation
Term
dyspnea
Definition
breathing discomfort
Term
apnea
Definition
without breathing
Term
orthopnea
Definition
difficulty breathing standing/sitting
Term
what are cheynne stokes breathing?
Definition
deep breathing, interpsersed with apnic periods
Term
intercostal space number one is located where...
Definition
under rib number one
Term
anterior landmarks of anterior thorax...
Definition
right midclavicular line, midsternal line, left midclavicular line
Term
which lobe has three?
Definition
the right side
Term
name to pleural membranes
Definition
parietal and visceral
Term
the apex of the lung is located at the... ***
Definition
top of the clavicle
Term
crepitus..
Definition
crackle sounds, bones or hair rubbing together. air escaping from lungs into sub q tissues, extreme congestion, consolidation
Term
hyperesonance..
Definition
trapped air, loud, emphysema
Term
bronchial, bronchivesicular, vesicular locations..
Definition
throat, mediastinum, lungs (midclavicular)
Term
"high, moderate, low" sounds locations
Definition
throat, medistinum, midclavicular
Term
wheezes are...
Definition
rhonchii
Term
crackles are also called..
Definition
rales
Term
rust colored sputum...
Definition
TB, or pneumococcal pneumonia
Term
red frothy sputum..
Definition
pulmonary edema
Term
pectus excavatum
Definition
funnel chest, goes in
Term
carinatum..
Definition
chest goes out, Pigeon chest
Term
cheynne stoke's..
Definition
periods of apnea, and regular
Term
biot's..
Definition
irregular periods of apnea
Term
kyphosis..
Definition
hunch back
Term
loridosis..
Definition
"sway back" kim kardashian
Term
characteristics of abnormal breath sounds
Definition
wheezing,crackles..adventitious
Term
heart is located between..
Definition
2-5 ICS
Term
atrium has ? walls than ventricle..
Definition
thin walled reservoirs..
Term
the atrium ? blood, while the ventricle ? blood.
Definition
holds, pumps
Term
the function of valves..
Definition
prevent backflow..
Term
where is the tricuspid valve..
Definition
Right AV
Term
where is the mitral valve?
Definition
Left AV
Term
semilunar valves...
Definition
separates the ventricles and arteries
Term
the superior and inferior vena cava...
Definition
return unoxygenated venous return to the right side,
Term
pulmonary artery leaves the R ventricle..
Definition
bifurcates and carries venous bifurcates and carries the venous blood to the lungs
Term
pulmonary veins..
Definition
return the newly oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
Term
every heart cycle lasts,
Definition
.8 seconds
Term
systole=? diastole=?
Definition
contraction, relaxation
Term
what is automaticity?
Definition
heart
Term
where does the electrical charge that stimulates contraction originate from?
Definition
sinoatrial node
Term
the heart pumps how much blood every minute?
Definition
5-6 L/minute
Term
Cardiac output equals..
Definition
CO= SV(stroke volume) x R (heart rate)
Term
stroke volume..
Definition
volume of blood in systole
Term
S1 is...
Definition
lub
Term
S2 is..
Definition
dub -step.. it's louder
Term
S1 is in the..
Definition
mitral and triscupid valves, closure of the AV valves
Term
S2 is the closure of the..
Definition
semilunar valves
Term
inspect which neck vessels?
Definition
jugular veins and carotid arteries
Term
carotid arteries are located between the
Definition
trachea and sternomastoid muscle
Term
pulsation strength scale..
Definition
0-absent, 1-weak, 2 normal, 3-increased, 4-bounding
Term
to auscultate carotid arteries...
Definition
keep neck in neutral position, use bell at: angle of jaw, midcervical area, base of the neck
Term
tell patient to hold breath during...
Definition
carotid auscultation
Term
bruit is..
Definition
turbulent blood flow
Term
the apical pulse is visible (in only 1/2 of population) at..
Definition
4-5ICS in LMCL
Term
aortic space auscultation...
Definition
2 RICS at RSB
Term
pulmonic valve auscultation..
Definition
2 LICS at LSB
Term
Erb's point auscultation...
Definition
3 LICS at LSB
Term
tricuspid valve auscultation..
Definition
4LICS at SB
Term
mitral valve auscultation..
Definition
5LICS at MCL
Term
auscultation mnemonic..
Definition
APE to MAN
Term
split S2 is okay...
Definition
under the age of 25
Term
sinus arrhythmias..
Definition
slow down with respirations..
Term
premature beats happen
Definition
every 3-4 beats, isolated beat is early
Term
calculate a pulse deficit
Definition
apical pulse minus radial pulse
Term
S1 is loudest at the..
Definition
apex
Term
S1 signals the closure of the..
Definition
AV valves, and beginning of systole
Term
S2 signals the closure of the..
Definition
semilunar valves, and is the end of systole
Term
S2 is loudest at the..
Definition
base
Term
split S2 occurs..
Definition
during the end of inspiration
Term
where is the split S2 heard?
Definition
only in pulmonic valve area & L 2ICS
Term
aging causes..
Definition
increased BP, use caution when palpating and auscultating carotid, use R Jugular when measure venous pressure, difficult to assess apical pulse
Term
premature ectopic beats are normal in..
Definition
the elderly
Term
check neck for..
Definition
carotid pulse
Term
check precordium for..
Definition
apical pusle, note heave or thrill,
Term
auscultate the..
Definition
anatomic areas, rate and rhythm, identify s1 and s2, listen for murmurs, *** listen at apex in L lateral position, listen at base with person sitting****
Term
varicose veins are caused by..
Definition
vein valves not closing effectively
Term
artery walls are..
Definition
strong and tough and contain elastic fibers (constriction and dilation)
Term
arteries contain muscle fibers which..
Definition
controls amount of blood delivered to tissue
Term
the function of the veins..
Definition
drains deoxygenated blood and waste products from tissues
Term
veins walls are..
Definition
thinner and have a large diamter
Term
where is the temporal artery palpated?
Definition
in front of the ear near the tragus
Term
where is the carotid artery palpated?
Definition
between the sternomastoid muscles and the trachea
Term
major artery of the arm..
Definition
brachial- palpated in the bicep/tricep furrow
Term
the radial artery is palpated..
Definition
laterally on the wrist, thumb
Term
major artery of the leg
Definition
femoral, palpated in groin, rarely used
Term
popliteal artery divides into..
Definition
anterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis
Term
the posterior tibial pulse is palpated..
Definition
behind the medial malleolus
Term
the function of lymphatics..
Definition
retrieves excess fluid from tissue spaces and returns it to the veins, somewhat more fluid leaves the capillaries than the veins can absorb.
Term
the right lymphatic duct empties into the..
Definition
right subclavian veins, drains R side of head, neck, arm, side of thorax heart and RU section of liver
Term
the thoracic lymph duct drains..
Definition
the rest of the body empties into subclavian vein
Term
the spleen.. (4 things)
Definition
destroys old RBCs, produces antibodies, restores RBCs, filters micoorganisms
Term
three lymph organs..
Definition
spleen, tonsils, thymus
Term
the thymus is located..
Definition
behind sternum and in front of aorta
Term
Describe a normal Allen test..
Definition
blood returns to hands within 3-5 seconds of releasing pressure on the ulnar
Term
Describe a positive Homan's sign..
Definition
dorsal flexion of the foot to see if cramping is created in the calf
Term
The problem with Homan's sign is..
Definition
1/3 of ppl who have DVT have a positive homan's sign, and possibility of dislodging clot
Term
pretibial edema..
Definition
+1 no swelling, +2 moderate pitting, subsides rapidly, +3 deep pitting leg looks swollen, +4 very deep pitting
Term
expected changes with age..
Definition
osteoporosis, postural changes, subq fat changes, muscle mass loss
Term
inspecting joints, you should..
Definition
size and contour of joint, skin and tissues over joint, note swelling, deformities
Term
what are some deformities of joints?
Definition
dislocation, subluxation, contracture, ankylosis
Term
active range of motion..
Definition
assess person's ability to move extremities independently
Term
passive range of motion..
Definition
assess the person's ROM with you moving the extremities, crepitation
Term
what to ask patients for assessing orientation..
Definition
where they are, what time of day it is..
Term
cranial nerves..
Definition
KNOW THEMMMMMM!
Term
First cranial nerve?
Definition
Olfactory- test sense of smell
Term
second cranial nerve?
Definition
Optic, test everyone, snellen and rosenbaum chart
Term
Third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve?
Definition
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens- pupil size, regularity, and equality, direct and consensual light reflex, accomodation
Term
abnormalities of 3 4 6
Definition
ptosis, strabismus, nystagmus
Term
Cranial nerve V..
Definition
trigeminal, assess temporal and masseter muscles by having client clench teeth,
Term
Cranial nerve VII
Definition
facial, mobility and facial symmetry
Term
Cranial nerve VIII
Definition
vestibulocochlear- whispered hearing acuity
Term
Cranial nerves IX and X
Definition
glossopharyngeal, vagus- motor function of mouth, note soft palate and uvula movement, say ahhh. note quality of voice
Term
Cranial nerve X1
Definition
spinal accessory- assess sternotmastoid and trapezius muscles for size. rotate head against resistance of your hand
Term
Cranial nerve XII
Definition
hypoglossal- ask the person to stick their tongue out. say "light, tight, and dynamite"
Term
assess gait..
Definition
walk 10-20 feet, turn and return. note if gait is smooth, rhythmic, and effortless.. walk on toes, then heels, then tandem ataxia
Term
Glasgow coma scale
Definition
best eye opening response, best motor response, best verbal response, pg 64 of Weber text
Term
where is the angle of louis?
Definition
over the heart (manubriosternal angle)
Term
notch on sternum..bottom
Definition
xiphoid process
Term
notch on sternum..top
Definition
suprasternal notch
Term
orthopnea is?
Definition
painful breathing when laying down
Term
important question to ask with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea...
Definition
number of pillows you use?
Term
a low energy level may be indicative of..
Definition
sleep apnea, oxygen deprivation to the brain
Term
people with COPD may sometimes have..
Definition
nasal flaring and pursed lips
Term
people with COPD may utilize..
Definition
accessory muscles in order to breathe, intercostals, nech and shoulders
Term
if chest movements are assymetrical..
Definition
person may have collapsed lung
Term
excavatum is..
Definition
funnel chest
Term
carinatum..
Definition
pigeon chest
Term
PA of thorax/lungs..
Definition
skin and mucous membrane color, color and shape of nails, chest configuration, tripod position? palpate chest expansion
Term
you should get 02 stats when..
Definition
patient is walking and sitting.
Term
what does pleural friction rub sound like?
Definition
sand paper on sand paper
Term
crackles (high pitched) occurring late in inspiration may indicate..
Definition
restrictive diseases, pneumonia and CHF
Term
crackles (high pitched) occuring early in inspiration may indicate..
Definition
obstructive disorders, bronchitis, asthma, emphys
Term
low pitched crackles..
Definition
may indiciate pneumonia, edema, pulmonary fibrosis,
Term
continuous adventitious breath sounds may indicate..
Definition
pleural friction rub
Term
high pitched wheezing..
Definition
asthma and chronic emphysema
Term
low pitched wheezing..
Definition
bronchitis or single obstructions
Term
HH q? gradual onset of dyspnea may indicate..
Definition
emphysema
Term
HH q? acute/sudden onset of dyspnea may indicate..
Definition
bacterial or viral infection
Term
Edema or angina that occurs with dyspnea may indicate..
Definition
cardiovascular issues
Term
chest pain may be absent in older adults
Definition
with pleuritis bc of alterations in pain perception
Term
a continuous cough..
Definition
acute infection
Term
coughing only in the AM
Definition
bronchial inflammation, smoking
Term
PM coughing..
Definition
post nasal drip/sinusitis
Term
non productive cough..
Definition
upper respiratory irritation/CHF?
Term
white sputum..
Definition
viral
Term
yellow/green sputum...
Definition
bacteria
Term
hemoptysis/bloody sputum...
Definition
serious resp. conditions
Term
Rusty colored sputum
Definition
TB, pneumococcal pneumonia
Term
Gerd can be seen in patients with..
Definition
wheezing asthma or CHF
Term
past respiratory infections are important because..
Definition
increases risk for reoccurrence
Term
what is histoplasmosis?
Definition
fungal disease caused by environmental inhalants
Term
some meds can produce..
Definition
a persistent cough. beta blockers, ACE inhibitors
Term
purple coloration may indicate..
Definition
COPD CHF
Term
cyanosis may indicate..
Definition
poor circulation, polycythemia
Term
pale nails..
Definition
hypoxia
Term
spinous processes that deviate laterally may indicate..
Definition
scoliosis
Term
what do you use to assess tactile fremitus?
Definition
the ball of the hand, detects vibratory sensations
Term
where is excursion??
Definition
listening for tone changes from resonance to dullness
Term
bronchial sounds should be..
Definition
high pitched, loud, short during inspiration- long in expiration, heard in trachea and thorax.
Term
bronchovesicular sounds should be..
Definition
moderate pitched, moderate amplitude, same during expiration and inspiration, heard over major bronchi
Term
vesicular sounds should be..
Definition
low, soft, long in inspiration, short expiration, heard in peripheral lung fields
Term
first thing that you do when you hear an abnormal breath sound is..
Definition
ask patient to cough
Term
Bronchophony..
Definition
ninety nine- if sound is easily understood thats abnormal..
Term
egophony..
Definition
"E".. sounds like "A" thats abnormal
Term
Whispered pectorliquy ...
Definition
"one-two-three"... clearly and distinctly heard is abnormal
Term
sternal retractions are noticed with..
Definition
severely labored breathing.
Term
normal breathing rate..
Definition
12-20 bpm
Term
tachnypea
Definition
more than 24
Term
bradypnea
Definition
less than 10 per minute
Term
a lot of bile will make poo
Definition
yellow (gall bladder and liver disease)
Term
cirrhosis is..
Definition
inflammation of the liver, produces a lot of fluid in the first abdominal cavity
Term
what is a normal bowel sound?
Definition
gurgling.
Term
hyperactive bowel sounds may mean..
Definition
diarrhea, high pitched, one minute in every quadrant?
Term
hypoactive bowel sounds are called..
Definition
boborygmi
Term
abdominal vascular sounds should be heard with
Definition
the bell of the stethescope. listen to aorta, renal, iliac and femoral arteries
Term
you should use what to palpate abdomen?
Definition
fingertips
Term
rules for sexual intercourse..
Definition
spooning is best. if client can walk up two flights of stairs or around block.
Term
the jugular vein should be visible..
Definition
at 45 degrees and below.. if visible while sitting up, may indicate right sided heart failure
Term
weak pulses may indicate..
Definition
hypovolemia , shock or decreased cardiac output
Term
apical pulse may be impossible to palpate with..
Definition
patients with pulmonary emphysema
Term
a pulse deficit may indiciate..
Definition
atrial fibrillation , atrial flutter, premature ventricular contractions, and very degrees of heart block
Term
a split S2 heard during..
Definition
expiration is abnormal
Term
venous insufficiency looks like..
Definition
cyanosis and rusty brown pigmentation of legs
Term
arterial insufficiency looks like..
Definition
loss of hair on legs, or thin shiny skin
Term
pallor and rubor are congruent with..
Definition
arterial insufficiency
Term
ulcers w some even margins that occur at pressure areas result from..
Definition
arterial insufficiency
Term
ulcers with irregular edges, bleeding, and possible bacterial infection..
Definition
result from venous insufficiency
Term
the absence of visible veins, tendons, or bonyness...
Definition
bilateral edema, suggests CHF and lymphedema
Term
pitting edema is suggestive of..
Definition
CHF or hepatic cirrhosis and local causes such as venous stasis
Term
loss of warmth as you move down the leg suggests..
Definition
arterial insufficiency
Term
normal ABI..arterial brachial index
Definition
1.0-1.2
Term
moderate insufficienct ABI..
Definition
.5-.8
Term
severe insufficient ABI..
Definition
<.5
Term
purple discoloration of the flanks may indicate..
Definition
indicates bleeding within the abdominal wall, possibly from trauma to the kidneys, pancreas or from pancreatitis
Term
pale taut skin may be seen with..
Definition
ascites, fluid accumulation within the abdominal cavity
Term
dilated veins over abdomen may be seen with..
Definition
cirrhosis of the liver, inferior vena cava obstruction, portal hypertension, or ascites
Term
dark bluish pink stria may be seen with people..
Definition
who have Cushing's syndrome
Term
bluish or purple discoloration around belly button..
Definition
Cullen's sign- indicates intrabdominal bleeding
Term
a deviated umbilicus may be caused by...
Definition
pressure from a mass, enlarged organs, hernia fluid or scar tissue
Term
scaphoid abdominal contour..
Definition
may be normal but also may be associated with severe weight loss and terminal illness
Term
vigorous, wide, exaggerated pulsations of the abdominal aorta may indiciate..
Definition
abdominal aneurysm
Term
high pitched tinkling and rushes of high pitched abdominal sounds w/ cramping... or hyperactive bowel sounds..
Definition
obstruction!
Term
late bowel obstruction can be marked by..
Definition
hypoactive bowel sounds
Term
Renal artery stenosis or aneurysm..
Definition
sounds like Bruit in renal artery
Term
hyperresonance and gastric tympany can be heard over..
Definition
a gaseous distended abdomen
Term
hepatomegaly indicates..
Definition
liver tumors, cirrhosis, abscess or vascular engorgement
Term
right sided guarding in the abdomen may be seen with..
Definition
cholecystitis
Term
when a patient wont stop guarding during abdominal exam ..
Definition
place a pillow under clients knees, palpate at sternum first, ask them to relax
Term
an enlarged spleen suggests..
Definition
trauma, mono, chronic blood disorder, and cancer
Term
ADLs are..
Definition
eating, toileting, dressing, bathing, brushing teeth
Term
Instrumental ADL's...
Definition
food prep, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, and handling finances
Term
expected MSK changes with age..
Definition
osteoporosis, postural changes, subq fat changes, muscle mass loss
Term
pronation to supination is..
Definition
turning a hand palm down to palm up
Term
grading muscle strength..5-0
Definition
5- FULL ROM- full resistance, 4- FULL ROM some resistance, 3- FULL ROM with gravity no resistance, 2- full passive ROM, 1- slight contraction, 0 no contraction
Term
palpate the temporomandibular joint as.. TMJ
Definition
the person opens their mouth, ask person to open mouth maximally, lower jaw and move side to side,
Term
palpate the muscles of mastication by..
Definition
clenching their teeth, move their jaw laterally and forward, CN 5- try to keep their mouth shut against your resistance
Term
cervical spine inspection..
Definition
inspect alignment of head and neck, palpate spinous processess and muscles
Term
the cervical spine ROM (4)
Definition
chin to chest, lift chin toward ceiling, each ear to shoulder, turn chin to each shoulder.
Term
Shoulders ROM inspection (4)
Definition
arms forward and up in arcs, arms behind back and hands up toward each other, ams to sides and up over head in arcs, touch hands behind head
Term
for the elbow you should..
Definition
flex and extend, flex and extend against resistance
Term
For wrists and hands you should..
Definition
inspect and palpate all joints..
Term
Wrist and hand ROM (5)
Definition
bend hand up, down at wrist, bend fingers up, down at wrist, turn hands out, in, spread fingers, make fist, touch thumb to each finger
Term
HIP ROM (5)
Definition
raise leg, knee to chest, flex knee at hip, swing foot out-in, swing leg laterally, medially.. stand and swing leg back
Term
KNEE ROM
Definition
bend knee, extend knee, ambulation
Term
assessing knee strength..
Definition
ask them to maintain flexion of the knee while you try to pull forward, assess while standing from sitting position
Term
Ankle and Foot, ROM
Definition
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, eversion and inversion, flex and straighten toes..
Term
Inspect spine while..
Definition
the person stands..
Term
Spine ROM
Definition
bend forward and touch their toes, bend sideways and backwards, twist shoulder to each side
Term
neurological recheck q's
Definition
person place time, motor function, pupillary response, vital signs
Term
study study guide, focus in on that, next, use powerpoints, see what all has been talked about, reinforce things wiht text book. KNOW ATI
Definition
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