Term
| sinus bradycardia(signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic or syncope,dizziness,weakness,confusion,hypotension,diaphoresis(excessive sweating,shortness of breath,chest pain |
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|
Term
| sinus bradycardia (causes) |
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Definition
| normal in athletes, carotid sinus massage,valsalva maneuver, hypothermia, admin of parasympathomimetic drugs,vomiting,suctioning,ocular pressure,pain |
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Term
| sinus bradycardia (treatment) |
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Definition
| admin or atropine(anticholinergic),increase IV volume via fluids, apply O2,or pacemaker therapy |
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Term
| Sinus Tachycardia (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| fatigue,weakness,SOB,orthopnea,decreased O2 sat,decreased BP,anxiety,restlessness |
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Term
| Sinus Tachycardia (causes) |
|
Definition
| anxiety, pain,stress,fear,fever,anemia,hypoxemia,hyperthyroidism,pulmonary embolism;stimulants(epinephrine,atropine,caffeine,etc)exercise,hypotension,hypovolemia,hypoglycemia,MI,HF |
|
|
Term
| Sinus Tachycardia (treatment) |
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Definition
| based on underlying cause (i.e. treat pain) |
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Term
| Sinus Dysrhythmia (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinus Dysrhythmia (causes) |
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Definition
| heart rate cycles with breathing |
|
|
Term
| Sinus Dysrhythmia (treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrial Fibrillation (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| fatigue,weakness,SOB,dizziness,anxiety,suncope,palpitations,chest discomfort,pain,hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Fibrillation (causes) |
|
Definition
| HTN,HF,CAD,previous ischemic stroke or attack,rheumatic heart disease,cardiomyopathy, pericarditis,cardiac surgery,electrolyte disturbances,stress,thyrotoxicosis,EtOH,caffiene |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Fibrillation (treatment) |
|
Definition
| antidysrhythmic drugs (calcium blockers,beta blockers,anticoagulants, cardioversion or ablation if drugs do not work |
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|
Term
| Atrial Flutter (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| palpitations, SOB,chest pains,lightheadedness,dizziness,nausea,maybe nervousness or feelings of impending doom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CAD,HTN, mitral valve disorders, pulm embolus,chronic lung disease, cor pulmonale, cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, use of drugs(digoxin, quinidine, epinephrine) |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Flutter (treatment) |
|
Definition
| anticoagulation or anti-platelet, antidysrhythmic drugs(calcium blockers, beta blockers, anticoagulants) cardoversion or ablation if drugs dont work |
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|
Term
| Premature Atrial Contraction (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| usually none except for palpitations |
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|
Term
| Premature Atrial Contraction (causes) |
|
Definition
| emotional stress of physical fatigue, use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol; hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, hyperthyroidism, COPD, HD, CAD, valvular disease |
|
|
Term
| Premature Atrial Contraction (treatment) |
|
Definition
| depends on cause(eliminate substances), antidysrhythmic drugs, none needed except to treat HF |
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|
Term
| Junctional Rhythm (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| palpitations, fatigue, poor exercise tolerance, dyspnea, presyncope |
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|
Term
| Junctional Rhythm (causes) |
|
Definition
| digoxin toxicity, inflammation, ischemia of AV node |
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|
Term
| Junctional Rhythm (treatment) |
|
Definition
| hold digoxin, observe is asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Accelerated Junctional (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| palpitations, fatigue, poor exercise tolerance, dyspnea, presyncope |
|
|
Term
| Accelerated Junctional (causes) |
|
Definition
| digoxin toxicity, inflammation, ischemia of AV node |
|
|
Term
| Accelerated Junctional (treatment) |
|
Definition
| hold digoxin, observe if asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Junctional Tachycardia (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Junctional Tachycardia (causes) |
|
Definition
| conduction system disease, CAD, digitalis toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Junctional Tachycardia (treatment) |
|
Definition
| beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, adenosine, vagal manuvers |
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|
Term
| Premature Junctional Tachycardia (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| normal variant, hypoxia, ischemia or insult to AV node, electrolyte disturbances, HF, inferior wall MI |
|
|
Term
| Premature Junctional Tachycardia (causes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Premature Junctional Tachycardia (treatment) |
|
Definition
| decrease stimulants but usually no treatment |
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|
Term
| First Degree AV Block (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First Degree AV Block (causes) |
|
Definition
| AV nodal disease, myocarditis, electrolyte disturbances, medications |
|
|
Term
| First Degree AV Block (treatment) |
|
Definition
| correct electrolyte imbalances, withhold causation meds |
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|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type I (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| fainting, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, SOB, chest pain |
|
|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type I (causes) |
|
Definition
| congenital, damage from MI, CAD, myocarditis, HF, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, certain meds |
|
|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type I (treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type II (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| fainting, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, SOB, chest pain |
|
|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type II (causes) |
|
Definition
| congenital, damage from MI, CAD, myocarditis, HF, rheumatic fever, cardiomyopathy, certain meds |
|
|
Term
| Second Degree AV Block Type II (treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Third Degree AV Block (signs and sumptoms) |
|
Definition
| fainting, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, SOB, chest pain |
|
|
Term
| Third Degree AV Block (causes) |
|
Definition
| congenital, damage from MI, CAD, myocarditis, HF, rheumatic fever, cardio myopathy, certain meds |
|
|
Term
| Third Degree AV Block (treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Idioventricular Rhythm (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| hypotension, cool clammy skin, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, SOB |
|
|
Term
| Idioventricular Rhythm (causes) |
|
Definition
| myocarditis, digoxin toxicity, buerger disease, congenital heart disease, electrolyte abnormality |
|
|
Term
| Idioventricular Rhythm (treatment) |
|
Definition
| ventricular pacing, drug therapy |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Tachycardia (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| angina, fainting, lightheadedness,dizziness, palpitations, SOB |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Tachycardia (causes) |
|
Definition
| MI, CAD, significant electrolyte imbalances, cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, long QT syndrome, digitalis toxicity, central nervous system disorder |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Tachycardia (treatment) |
|
Definition
| underlying causes must be identified and treated |
|
|
Term
| Torsades de Pointes (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Torsades de Pointes (causes) |
|
Definition
| diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia drug interactions |
|
|
Term
| Torsades de Pointes (treatment) |
|
Definition
| holding the drug causing it, electrical therapy |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Fibrillation (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| unresponsiveness, pulseless, apneic state |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Fibrillation (causes) |
|
Definition
| CAD, MI, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hemorrhage, antidysrhythmic therapy, rapid SVT, shock, myocardial ischemia |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Fibrillation (treatment) |
|
Definition
| immediate initiation of CPR, ACLS measure with defibrillation and definitive drug therapy |
|
|
Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic or palpitations, chest discomfort, peripheral pulses may be diminished or absent |
|
|
Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (causes) |
|
Definition
| stimulants(caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, aminophylline, epinephrine, isoproterenol, digoxin)elecrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, fever, exercise, emotional stress, MI, mitral valve prolapse, HF, CAD |
|
|
Term
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (treatment) |
|
Definition
| based on cause (O2 for hypoxia) B-adrenergic blockers, procainamide, amiodarone, lidocaine |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) (signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
| hypotension, dyspnea, angina |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)(causes) |
|
Definition
| emotional stress, overexertion, deep inspiration, stimulants, rheumatic heart disease, digitalis toxicity, CAD, cor pulmonale |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)(treatment) |
|
Definition
| vagal stimulation and drug therapy |
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