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Gynecology
Gynecology COMLEX 2
167
Medical
Graduate
05/10/2015

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Term
follicular phase
Definition
FSH stimulates follicle granulosa cells which secrete estradiol
estradiol causes endometrium growth and increases FSH/LH via positive feedback
Term
luteal phase
Definition
LH surge induces ovulation, residual follicle (corpus luteum) secretes progesterone to maintain endometrium, high estradiol inhibits FSH/LH, low LH allows for corpus luteum degredation
Term
what day does ovulation, corpus luteum degeneration, endometrum involution, and mensturation begin
Definition
ovulation 14
corpus luteum degeneration 26
endometrum involution 27
mensturation 28
Term
what does GOPOOOO and TPAL mean
Definition
gravity #, parity: preterm, term, abortuses, living

term, perterm, abortuses, living
Term
schedule for breast exams
Definition
20yo: monthly self exams, physician exam every 3y
40yo: monthly self exam, physician exam after 20yo and physician every 3y until every year
Term
prenatal visit labs
Definition
CBC, HIV, UA and culture, pap, chalmydia, gonorrhea, hemoglobin
Term
when is quad screen / full integrated done what is it
Definition
15-20wks
quad: AFP, hCG, uE3, inhibin A
full integrated: PAPP-A, nucal translucency
Term
when do we US fetus for structural abnormalities
Definition
18-20wk
Term
when is glucose screen
Definition
24-28wk
Term
when is GBS screen
Definition
32-37wk
Term
what is the PAP schedule
Definition
begins at 21yo then every 3y (or every 5y if doing HPV testing too)
can be d/c at 65yo or if had hysterectomy with cervix removal to non-neoplastic reasons
Term
what is the mammogram schedule
Definition
50yo+ yearly
Term
DEXA scan schedule
Definition
65yo+ yearly
Term
stages of female puberty
Definition
andrenarche: DHEA production
gonadarche: activation of gonads by FSH/LH
thelarche: boobs (10yo)
pubarche: pubes (11yo)
axillary hair: pits
growth spurt (1y post thelarche)
menarche: pads (13yo)
Term
tanner stages for women
Definition
1) prepubertal: raised papilla, no hair
2) breast buds, aerolar enlargement, fine labial hair
3) enlargement of breast and aerola, hair growth
4) aerola and papilla elargement, secondary mound, hair becomes course and covers pubic region
5) aerola at level of breast, papilla extended, coarse hair on medial thigh
Term
function of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone
Definition
LH: ovulation, cholesterol regulation
FSH: stimulate follicle development
estrogen: endometrial proliferation, follicle growth, sexual development
progest: endometrial gland development, cervical mucous thickening, basal body temp, maintain pregnancy
Term
hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Definition
persistent absence of sexual fantasy, thought, desire causing distress
Term
female sexual arousal disorder
Definition
inability to maintain sexual excitement (mental or physiological) causing distress
Term
female orgasmic disorder
Definition
inability to achieve organism causing distress
Term
vaginisms
Definition
involuntary spasm of pelvic floor muscles interfering with penetrating causing distress
Term
noncoital sexual pain disorder
Definition
genital pain with noncoital sexual stimulation
Term
things that decrease OC effectiveness
Definition
rifampin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, topimarate, oxacarbazepine, primipone, st. johns wort
Term
SE of medroxyprogesterone
Definition
weight gain, osteoperosis, difficult to return to normal ovulation
Term
IUD contraindications
Definition
vaginal or cervical infection, high STD risk, desire for pregnancy soon, uterine abnormalities, diagnosed bleeding, breast cancer
Term
emergency contraception options
Definition
levanogesterol-progesterone 72h: prevents ovulation thickens cervical mucous

ethinylestradiol-levanogesterol: 120h, 2pills 12h apart

Cu IUD

mifpristone: progesterone antagonist, induces abortion
Term
what types of female sterilization are most and least successful
Definition
electrocautery: lowest failure, least success reversing
clips: highest failure, best reversal
essure
hysterectomy: best
Term
signs of imperforate hymen
Definition
adult: primary amenorrhea, dysparenuria, cyclic pelvic pain
infant: blue bulge at introitus, urinary obstruction
Term
define menorrhagia, metorrhagia, hypomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, mittleschmerz, spinnbarkeit
Definition
menorrhaiga: heavy
metorrhagia; irregular periods, spotting
hypomenorrhea: light, short
oligomenorrhea: infrequent, >35d
polymenorrhea: <21d cycle, frequent periods
mittleschmerz: UL pelvic pain that coincides with ovulation
spinnbarkeit: stretchable quaility of cervical mucous
Term
central precocious puberty signs tx
Definition
increased FSH/LH after GnRH administration
skeletal age advanced

tx: GnRh analog to suppresses pituitary axis (leuprolide, buserlin, nafarelin, histerlin)
Term
pseudo precocious puberty signs causes
Definition
skeletal age not advanced

exogenous hormones: low FSH/LH after GnRH administration

hormone secreting tumor: excess extrogen, low FSH/LH

adrenal hyperplasia: high steroids

hypothyroidism: high TSH, low T3/4
Term
heterosexual precocious puberty
Definition
virilization of girls or feminization of boys always pseudo percocious puberty
Term
isosexual precocious puberty
Definition
premature sexual development appropirate for gender
complete: all sexual characteristics develop prematurley
incomplete: one sexual characteristic premature
Term
signs of tunner syndrome
Definition
45X
ovarian dysgenesis (fibrous bands/gonadal streaks), primary amenorrhea
short stature, webbed neck, shield chest, wide spaced nipples, bicuspid aorta, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, HTN, high FSH/LH, low estrogen
Term
causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Definition
anorexia, bulemia, exercise, chronic illness, hypothyroidism, cushings, pituitary adenoma, chariopharyngioma, kallman syndrome
Term
carinopharyngoma signs
Definition
pressure on hypothalamus decreases GnRH secretion causing primary amenorrhea
Term
kallman syndrome cause, signs
Definition
deficiency of GnRH secreted by hypothalamus decreases FSH/LH secretion by pituitary

inability to smell, gonadal dysgenesis (absent breasts, secondary sex characteristics)
Term
mullerian agenesis
Definition
absent uterus, cervix, fallopian
primary amenorrhea, no secondary sex characteristics, absent uterus, blind vagina

testosterone, estrogen, FSH normal
Term
androgen insensitivity syndrome cause, sx, tx
Definition
46XY, normal male gonads, androgen receptor dysfunction, no male genitalia, no female genitalia, breasts due to peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens
high testosterone, low estrogen

remove gonads
Term
define primary amenorrhea
Definition
no mensturation or sex characteristics by 13yo, no mensturation with sex characteristics by 16yo
Term
define precocious puberty
Definition
puberty <8yo
Term
define secondary amenorrhea
Definition
no menses for 3 cycles or 6mo in someone who previously mensturated
Term
signs of asherman syndrome
Definition
uterine curettage damages decudia basalis, normal estrogen, FSH, LH, no bleeding after progesterone challenge, secondary amenorrhea
Term
signs of PCOS
Definition
LH:FSH>2
reproductive age
DM
infertility, amenorrhea, iligomenorrhea, spotting, anovulation
hirsturism, acne, obesity, virilism, aloplecia, male pattern baldness, cliteromeagly, voice deepening
positive progresterone challenge
string of pearls ovarian cysts
low estrogen
Term
treatment of PCOS
Definition
OC, spironolatcone, leuprolide, climiphene and metformin for infertility, statin
Term
hyperthecosis cause
Definition
extreme PCOS, androstendione production causes early virilization due to testosterone conversion
Term
define menopause
Definition
ovarian failure with end of mensturation >1y, in woman >40yo
Term
treatment of hot flashes
Definition
desvenlafaxine: only FDA approved

others: venlafaxine, clonidine, gabapentin time, placebo
Term
causes of low estrogen low FSH secondary amenorrhea
Definition
excercise, weight loss, anorexia, malnutrition, stress, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinoma, sheenhan syndrome
Term
#1 cause of menorrhagia
Definition
ovulatory dysfunction
Term
when do you do a endometrial biopsy when there is menorrhagia
Definition
>45yo, has risk factors for endometrial carcinoma, >6mo bleeding
Term
what do you do if a uterus just keeps bleeding
Definition
IV high dose estrogen and antiemetic, interuterine tamponate, uterine curettage
Term
premenstural syndrome vs dysphoric disorder and tx
Definition
disphoric disorder meets criteria for depression once a month but not entire cycle

exercise, B6, NSAIDs, OC, progestins, SSRI, alprazolam
Term
when does basal body temp rise
Definition
0.5 deg in luteal phase begins 1-2d after LH surge and persists for 10d
Term
kleinfelter syndrome cause, sx
Definition
dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules leads to hypogonadism and infertility, associ MVP
Term
pH of vaginitis
Definition
BV >4.5
trichomonas >4.5
candidia 3.5-4.5
Term
treatment of toxic shock syndrome
Definition
clindamycin and vancomycin
Term
treatment of chalmydia found on culture
Definition
azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d
Term
treatment of chalmydia suspected
Definition
azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d + ceftriaxone IM
Term
treatment of gonorrhea suspected or found on culture
Definition
azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d + ceftriaxone IM
Term
#1 cause of cervicitis
Definition
chalmydia
Term
signs of disseminated gonorrhoeae
Definition
fever, migratory polyarthritis, septic arthritis, pustules on palms and soles, endocarditis, meningitis
Term
how is chalmydia cultured
Definition
intracytoplasmic inclusions seen on gemisa or iodine
Term
how is gonorrhoeae cultured
Definition
gram negative diplococci growth on thayar martin
Term
what do you always need to check for when you suspect PID
Definition
ectopic pregnancy
Term
syphilis: bug, inguinal, bump, tx
Definition
t. pallidum
BL painless ingunal adenopathy
painless indurated solitary lesion then condyloma lata gray raised lesions on genitals
penicillin
Term
diagnosis of syphilis
Definition
dark field during primary infection
RPR/VDRL for secondary or tertiary screening
FTA/MHA conformation
Term
when must you desensitize for syphilis treatment
Definition
neurosyphilis, tertiary syphilis, pregnancy (depending on who you ask)
Term
cancroid: bug, inguinal, bump, tx
Definition
H. ducrei
1-2wk UL bubo like inguinal adenopathy
painful lesion, gray base, pustule then ulcer, solitary
azithromycin
Term
lympphogranuloma venerium: bug, inguinal, bump, tx
Definition
C. trachomatis L1-3
UL bubo like adenopathy
painless vesicle then ulcer, single
doxycycline
Term
granuloma inguinale: bug, inguinal, bump, tx
Definition
klebsiella
suppurlizing bubo inguinal
painless lesion, beefy red base, doxycycline, multiple coalescing lesions, friable
Term
what is the gold standard diagnosis for HSV
Definition
culture
Term
what are HPV called, what is their cellular feature
Definition
condyloma acuminatum, kolyocytosis
Term
what does H. ducrei look like on culture
Definition
school of fish
Term
what does culture of klebsiella granulomatis have
Definition
donovan bodies (red encapsulated intracellular GNR) on gemisa
Term
lichen sclerosis vs lichen simplex chronicus
Definition
sclerosis: thin, fragile, itchy, pain, fusion of clitoris and labia, plaques and papules, risk SCC, tx steroids

simplex: thick, leather like, puritic, no SCC risk
Term
how do tell extramammary pagets from melanoma
Definition
pagets: keratin +, PAS+, S100-
melanoma: keratin-, PAS-, S100+
Term
where are bartholin glands located
Definition
5+7 o'clock on labia minora
Term
how do you treat SCC of the vagina
Definition
<2cm internal cavitary radiation, surgical excision

>2cm external beam radiation

stages 2-4: external beam radiation, adjunct therapy
Term
signs of rhabdomyosarcoma botryoides
Definition
immature skeletal muscle (rhabdomyoblast: cytoplasmic striations, ihc+ stain for desmin and myogen), protrusion of grape like crusters, >5yo, bleeding
Term
tx ASCUS
Definition
<25 repeat pap 6mo
>25 HPV screen if negative pap in 6mo, if positive colposcopy and biopsy
Term
tx ASCH
Definition
colposcopy and biopsy
Term
tx AGCUS
Definition
colopscopy and biopsy, if >35yo endometrial biopsy
Term
tx LCOS
Definition
<25 repeat pap in 6mo
>25 coloscopy and biopsy
Term
tx HSIL, CIN2/3, SCC
Definition
HSIL/CIN2-3: LEEP or laser ablation

SCC <5cm: cone resection, post-op chemo

involves uerus, pelvic wall, or lower 1/3 vagina: radical hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy, radiation with cisplastin

extension into parametrial tissue, pelvic wall, lower 1/3 vagina, adjacent organs, metastasis: radiation and chemo
Term
#1 cause of post menopausal bleeding
Definition
atrophic endometrium, benign
Term
compare endometrial cancer 1 and 2
Definition
1) hyperplasia due to estrogen exposure, obese, post menopause, or estrogen secreting tumor, usually adenocarcinoma

2) atrophic endometrium with p53 mutation, often familial, papillary, serous, clear cell, or SCC, often somoma bodies, poor prognosis
Term
marker for endometrial cancer
Definition
CA-125
Term
tx endometrosis
Definition
OC#1, NSAiDS for pain
GnRH agonist: induce menopause
danzol: testosterone causes anovulation
aromatase inhibitor
ablation or lesions
Term
#1 cause of infertility
Definition
endometrosis
Term
adenomyosis cause, sx, how to dx, tx
Definition
endometrial tissue invades myometrium
thick endometrium

MRI evaluates but hysterectomy is only way to diagnost

menorrhagia, dysparenuria, pelvic pain worse withmenses, globular uterus
Term
location of fibroid causing infertility
Definition
submucosal (closest to endometrium)
Term
treatment of fibroid
Definition
regresses with menopause
GnRH agonist
myomectomy
hysterectomy
uterine artery embolization
NEVER GIVE BIRTH CONROL
Term
signs leiomyosarcoma
Definition
zonal necrosis, hemorrhage, rapid "fibroid" growth, extension through cervix, inconsitent shape
Term
when do you remove a simple ovarian cyst
Definition
>10cm
Term
ovarian tumor: follicular cyst
Definition
ovarian follicle didnt rupture (granulosa cells)
benign, observe unless it does not regress
Term
ovarian tumor: luteum cyst
Definition
corpus luteum didnt involute (theca cells)
benign, observe unless it does not regress
Term
ovarian tumor: stromal hyperthrcosos
Definition
ovarian stroma enlargement, post menopause, looks like PCOS, benign
Term
ovarian tumor: serous cystadenoma
Definition
plasmomma bodies, palpable simple cyst, mullerian epithelium
25% malignant
Term
ovarian tumor: mucinous cystadenoma
Definition
pseudomyoxma peritoni (mucinous ascites), often bilateral, associated with endometrosis
20% malignant
Term
ovarian tumor: adenofibroma
Definition
fibrous transitional cells like bladder, usually benign, remove it
Term
ovarian tumor: cystadenocarcinoma
Definition
clear cell carcinoma, complex cysts, thick shaggy lining, post menopause, hx endometrosis, total hysterectomy, salpingo-oophrectomy, appendectomy, pelvic wall sample, chemo
Term
ovarian tumor: benign cystic eratoma
Definition
mature germ layers: skin, hair, sebaceous, sweat glands, teeth, struma ovarii (hyperthyroid), carcinoid, SCC

normally asymptomatic, benign, remove because 2% are belignant, UL salpingo-ophrectomy

NDMA encephalitis!!!!!!
Term
ovarian tumor: immature cysticeratoma
Definition
3 immature embryonic layers
malignant potential
painful
UL removal
Term
ovarian tumor: dysgerminoma
Definition
similar to male seminoma, gray mass, sheets of cords, clear cells
high LDH, painful
remove, radiosensitive
Term
ovarian tumor: yolk sac
Definition
endodermal sinus tumor
schiller duval bodies
high AFP
#1 in kids
painful
remove UL
Term
ovarian tumor: choriocarcinoma
Definition
placental cells, no villi
high b-hCG
painfuk
metastasis early
UL removal
Term
ovarian granulosa theca cell tumor
Definition
solid, yellow, call exnar bodies, secretes estrogen

precocious puberty, heavy periods, post menopausal bleeding

25% malignant, can promote endometrial or breast cancer, remove it UL
Term
ovarian theca fibroma tumor
Definition
solid, fray, yellow, lipid laden theca cells
meigs syndrome: ascites, hydrothorax
rarley malignant
Term
ovarian sertoli laydig cell tumor
Definition
rinke crystals, solid high testosterone
virilization
irregular menses
deep voice, hirsturism, acne, increased muscle mass
rarley malignant, remove it
Term
tumor maker for ovarian cancer
Definition
CA-125
Term
signs of NMDA envephalitis
Definition
ovarian teratoma, psych signs, insomnia, seizure, CSF with lymphocytic pleocytosis, EEG with slow disorganized rhythm, MRI with nonspecific flair abnormalities, NMDA-Ab in serum and CSF
Term
krunkenberg tumor
Definition
spread from gastric carcinoma to ovary, signet ring cells with nuclei pushed to side
Term
pseudomyoxoma peritonei
Definition
spread from appendix carcinoma to ovary causing jelly belly
Term
treatment of breast abscess
Definition
diclozacillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, tmp-smx, continue to breast feed ot pump
Term
periductal mastitis cause
Definition
smoking causes vitamin A deficiency so cannot maintain lactiferous epithelium causing squamous metaplasia, keratin plugs ducts causing infmallation and myofibroblasts retract nipple
Term
mammary duct ectasia signs
Definition
non-bacterial inflammation, green brown discharge, periaerolar mass, nipple retraction
Term
morphology of fibrocystic change
Definition
blue dome cysts: dilation and unfolding of lobules, coalescence into large cysts, epithelial hyperplasia

milk of Ca (looks like Ca lines bottom of cyst)
Term
sclerosing adenosis signs
Definition
normal diffuse response in pregnancy of proliferation of acini and ductules leading to fibrosis and lumen compression
calcifications seen on mammogram
Term
cystosarcoma phyllodes tumor
Definition
palpable, large distorts breast, not fixed, leaf like projections, low risk metastasis
Term
what is the difference between intraductal papilloma and tubular carcinoma
Definition
papilloma: has 4 layers (fibrobascular core, epithelium doubled, myoepithelial cells, luminal cap)

carcinoma: no myoepithelial layer
Term
signs of intraductal papilloma
Definition
bloody or straw colored discarge from nipple, subaerolar mass, nipple retraction
Term
staging of breast cancer
Definition
0) in situ
1) <2cm
2A) +ipsi nodes <2cm OR 2-5cm -nodes
2B) +ipsi nodes 2-5cm OR >5cm - nodes
3A) +ipsi nodes <5cm OR <5cm -nodes
3B) has skin, chest wall, or mammary node
4) distal spread
Term
where do the quadrants of the breast normally metastasize
Definition
outer and centeral: axillary nodes
medial inner: internal mammary nodes
Term
drugs causing gynecomastia
Definition
spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole

spironolactone, THC, alcohol, cimetidine, ketoconazole, estrogen, digozin

others: heroin, antiretrovirals, steroids, psychoactive, lavender, teatree oil
Term
when is male gynecomastia ok
Definition
usually self resolves in prepubertal males 6-12yo in 6mo
Term
where is breast cancer usually located
Definition
upper outer quadrant
Term
treatment DCIS
Definition
lumpectomy, tamoxifen reduces risk of cancer in the other breast by 50%
Term
treatment of LCIS
Definition
observe, no risk of cancer from the lesion just increased risk in either breast in general
Term
signs of mucinous breast cancer
Definition
older women, gelatenous, cell circumscribed, slow growth
Term
signs of tubular breast cancer
Definition
late 40s, no myoepithelial layer, well formed, replacement of fat with hard CT, estrogen and progesterone positive
Term
signs of inflammatory breast cancer
Definition
ductal carcinoma with rapid progression, breast pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth
Term
cystocele
Definition
ANTERIOR prolapse, defect in bladder support, hypermobile Q tip test, difficulty voiding
Term
enerocele
Definition
CENTRAL defect in muscle support of cervix/vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, allows small bowel protrusion
Term
retrocele
Definition
POSTERIOR defect in rectal support, feels like needs to use fingers to defecate
Term
paravaginalcele
Definition
LATERAL defect in levator ani attachment to pelvic side wall, lack of vaginal support, often post hysterectomy
Term
urge incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx
Definition
detrusor spasm
dementia, stroke, parkinsons
cant make it to bathroom in time
large urine volume
urodynamic study
oxybutinin
Term
overflow incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx
Definition
incomplete emptying, continous leakage, cant contract detrusor
DM, cord injury, BPH, constipation, a-agonitst, epidural
nocturnal wetting, low volume, dribbling, weak stream, frequency
automated bladder scan
cath post void residual
bethenchol, terazosin, doxazosin
Term
diagnosis of stress incontinence
Definition
cystometric evaluation to check pressure and volume changes
Term
functional incontinence
Definition
cant get to toilet (Broken leg)
Term
reflux incontinence cause, sx
Definition
cord injury, ms, DM, tabes dorsalis, disc herniation, tumor
cant sense need to urinate
Term
treatment of breast abscess
Definition
diclozacillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, tmp-smx, continue to breast feed ot pump
Term
periductal mastitis cause
Definition
smoking causes vitamin A deficiency so cannot maintain lactiferous epithelium causing squamous metaplasia, keratin plugs ducts causing infmallation and myofibroblasts retract nipple
Term
mammary duct ectasia signs
Definition
non-bacterial inflammation, green brown discharge, periaerolar mass, nipple retraction
Term
morphology of fibrocystic change
Definition
blue dome cysts: dilation and unfolding of lobules, coalescence into large cysts, epithelial hyperplasia

milk of Ca (looks like Ca lines bottom of cyst)
Term
sclerosing adenosis signs
Definition
normal diffuse response in pregnancy of proliferation of acini and ductules leading to fibrosis and lumen compression
calcifications seen on mammogram
Term
cystosarcoma phyllodes tumor
Definition
palpable, large distorts breast, not fixed, leaf like projections, low risk metastasis
Term
what is the difference between intraductal papilloma and tubular carcinoma
Definition
papilloma: has 4 layers (fibrobascular core, epithelium doubled, myoepithelial cells, luminal cap)

carcinoma: no myoepithelial layer
Term
signs of intraductal papilloma
Definition
bloody or straw colored discarge from nipple, subaerolar mass, nipple retraction
Term
staging of breast cancer
Definition
0) in situ
1) <2cm
2A) +ipsi nodes <2cm OR 2-5cm -nodes
2B) +ipsi nodes 2-5cm OR >5cm - nodes
3A) +ipsi nodes <5cm OR <5cm -nodes
3B) has skin, chest wall, or mammary node
4) distal spread
Term
where do the quadrants of the breast normally metastasize
Definition
outer and centeral: axillary nodes
medial inner: internal mammary nodes
Term
drugs causing gynecomastia
Definition
spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole

spironolactone, THC, alcohol, cimetidine, ketoconazole, estrogen, digozin

others: heroin, antiretrovirals, steroids, psychoactive, lavender, teatree oil
Term
when is male gynecomastia ok
Definition
usually self resolves in prepubertal males 6-12yo in 6mo
Term
where is breast cancer usually located
Definition
upper outer quadrant
Term
treatment DCIS
Definition
lumpectomy, tamoxifen reduces risk of cancer in the other breast by 50%
Term
treatment of LCIS
Definition
observe, no risk of cancer from the lesion just increased risk in either breast in general
Term
signs of mucinous breast cancer
Definition
older women, gelatenous, cell circumscribed, slow growth
Term
signs of tubular breast cancer
Definition
late 40s, no myoepithelial layer, well formed, replacement of fat with hard CT, estrogen and progesterone positive
Term
signs of inflammatory breast cancer
Definition
ductal carcinoma with rapid progression, breast pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth
Term
cystocele
Definition
ANTERIOR prolapse, defect in bladder support, hypermobile Q tip test, difficulty voiding
Term
enerocele
Definition
CENTRAL defect in muscle support of cervix/vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, allows small bowel protrusion
Term
retrocele
Definition
POSTERIOR defect in rectal support, feels like needs to use fingers to defecate
Term
paravaginalcele
Definition
LATERAL defect in levator ani attachment to pelvic side wall, lack of vaginal support, often post hysterectomy
Term
urge incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx
Definition
detrusor spasm
dementia, stroke, parkinsons
cant make it to bathroom in time
large urine volume
urodynamic study
oxybutinin
Term
overflow incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx
Definition
incomplete emptying, continous leakage, cant contract detrusor
DM, cord injury, BPH, constipation, a-agonitst, epidural
nocturnal wetting, low volume, dribbling, weak stream, frequency
automated bladder scan
cath post void residual
bethenchol, terazosin, doxazosin
Term
diagnosis of stress incontinence
Definition
cystometric evaluation to check pressure and volume changes
Term
functional incontinence
Definition
cant get to toilet (Broken leg)
Term
reflux incontinence cause, sx
Definition
cord injury, ms, DM, tabes dorsalis, disc herniation, tumor
cant sense need to urinate
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