Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GYN Pathology
Obstetric Path including SCC, VIN, etc
30
Medical
Graduate
12/10/2007

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Koilocyte

 

3 Features? 

Definition
Perinuclear Clearing
Wrinkled, Enlarged and hyperchromatic nucleus
Contains HPV 
Term
Strawberry Cervix indicates____? 
Definition
Trichomonas vaginalis
Term

Leukoplakia

 

DiffDx? 

Definition
Vitiligo
Inflammatory dermatoses
Carcinoma
Vulvar Dystrophy 
Term

Dysplasia

 

3 Characteristics? 

Definition
Cells lose polarity
Increase in Nuclear to Plasma ratio
hyperchromasia
some mitosis 
Term

Papillary hidradenoma

What? 

 

Condyloma acuminatum

Assoc. with?

Histo? 

Definition

Papillary hidradenoma

    benign small tumors of tubular ducts-apocrine sweat glands 

 

Condyloma acuminatum

    HPV 6 and 11

    Histo: branching, tree-like of stratified squamous cells supported by stroma and koilocytosis

Term

VIN

 

Characteristics?

Leads to?

Risk factors? 

Definition
Dysplasia
    Lack of differentiation
    hyperchromatic
    increased mitosis
 
Leads to SCC
 
Risks: HPV 16, 18 
 
N.b: graded VIN I-III.  III goes all the way from stroma to surface 
Term

SCC of VULVA

 

progresses from?

# Cases? 

     

Definition

progresses from? VIN and HPV

# Cases? 4000 with 900 deaths

Histo: mixed well- and poorly differentiated. 

Term
Extramammary Paget Disease
Definition
Paget Cell: large neoplastic cell with halo, contains mucicarmine-staining mps.  usu. confined to epithelium and usu. no underlying carcinoma
Term

VAIN

 

Assoc. with?

#cases? 

Definition
VAIN is dysplasia
Associated with HPV
 
same grading system as VIN 
 
 
Term

SCC of Vagina

 

Risks? 

Assoc. with?

#cases?

 

Definition
Risks:
    Previous carcinoma, HPV, Immunosupression
Assoc with: DES
    DES=>Vaginal Adenosis
                 Glandular Columna Epi. beneath or replacing squamous epithelium
              Clear Cell Carcinoma
                  Distinct look, <.14%, tumor in vagina or cervix, spreads by lymphatics or blood vessels
 
Cases:  2200 and 800deaths 
Term

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

sarcoma botryoides

 

Age?

Tx?

Cell? 

Appearance? 

Definition

Age? Under five

Tx? surgery then chemo

Cell? embryonal rhabdomyoblast

Appearance? grape-like bulky polyploid mass

Term

Cervicitis

 

Who?

Pathogenesis?

Morphology? 

Definition

Who? almost all parous, many nulliparous women.

 

Pathogenesis?

Morphology?

Term

Cervical IN and SCC

 

#cases?

Risk factors? 

Definition

#cases?1 million CIN and 11,000 SCC with 3900

deaths

 

Risk factors?

    Early age of first intercourse

    Multiple sexual partners

    Sexual partner with multiple other partners

    Increasing Parity 

Term

HPV

 

High risk types?

Bad genes? 

Definition

High risk types? 18, 16, 31, 33

Bad genes?

 

    E6 degrades p53

    E7 increases cell's life span by binding Rb

Term

CIN

 

associated with?

Bethesda system of grading? 

Definition

associated with? HPV

Bethesda system of grading?
    LGSIL=HPV effect, CIN I
    HGSIL= CIN II and CIN III 
Term

Cervical SCC

 

Evolves from?

Age?

Growth pattern?

Survival? 

Tx? 

 

Definition

Evolves from? CIN

 

Age? Dx high grade precursos at 30.  Dx SCC at 45

 

Growth pattern? Fungating (most common) ulcerative, invasive.

 

Survival? Stage I 80% at five years

Stage IV 10% 

 

Tx: hysterectomy 

Term

Endometritis

 

Causes?

Histo? 

Definition
Causes?
    PID
    IUD
    Retained products of conception
    TB
    Idiopathic 
 
Histo: Plasma cells 
Term

Why is there abnormal bleeding for

 

Before puberty?

Adolescence?

Reproductive Age?

Perimenopausal?

Menopausal? 

Definition

Before puberty? precocious puberty

 

Adolescence?  anovulatory cycle

 

Reproductive Age? complications of preg., organic lesions, anovulatory cycle, inadequate luteal phas

 

Perimenopausal? anov. cycle, irregular shedding, organc lesions, 

 

Menopausal? organic lesions, endometrial atrophy

Term

Adenomyosis

 

What is it?

Sx? 

Definition
It's endometrial glands and stroma deep in the myometrium
 
Sx:
 
Painful menses and sex
Excessive bleeding
Pelvic Pain 
Term

Endometriosis

 

Age?

Where?

Gross?

Histo Dx?

Sx? 

Definition

Age? 3rd and 4th decade

 

Where? Ovaries, uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septums, laparotomy scars, others

 

Gross? chocolate cysts

 

Histo Dx? at least 2: endometrial glands, endometrial stroma, hemosiderin

 

Sx?

  Infertility, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea 

Term

Endometrial hyperplasia

 

What is it? 

Cause?

Leads to?

Definition

What is it?  Too many glands 

 

Cause? too much Estrogen w/o enough progesterone.

    occurs with menopause or persistent anovulation in younger women. 

 

Leads to? Endometrial adenocarcinoma
Term

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

 

# Cases?

Risk factors?

Age? 

 Sx?

Histology? 

Definition

# Cases? 40,000cases with 7,000 deaths

 

Risk factors?

    obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance, HTN, infertility,  **prolonged unopposed hyperestrogenism and endometrial hyperplasia and show endometroid histology.

 

Age? 55-65

 

Sx? abnormal bleeding

 

Histology?

    Favorable: endometroid adenocarcinoma

    Unfavorable: clear cell, papillary serous carcinoma.   

 

  

Term

Down Syndrome

 

Incidence?

Karyotype?

Critical Region?

Clinical Features? 

Definition

Incidence? 1/700 live births

 

Karyotype? trisomy 21 or equivalent

 

Critical Region? 21q22.2-q22.3

 

Clinical Features?

    Flat Face with epicanthic folds

    Low IQ

    Congenital Heart Disease (ASD and VSD)

    Incr. risk of leukemia

    Abnormal immunity

    Alzheimer's past age 35 

Term

Edwards Syndrome

 

Incidence?

Karyotype?

Critical Region?

Clinical Features?

 

Definition

Incidence? 1/8000 live births

 

Karyotype? trisomy 18 or equivalent

 

Critical Region? 18q

 

Clinical Features?

    Low set ears

    Overlapping fingers with rockerbottom feet

    Low IQ

    Congenital Heart Disease

    Rarely survive past one year 

Term

Patau Syndrome

 

Incidence?

Karyotype?

Critical Region?

Clinical Features?

 

Definition

Incidence? 1/15,000

 

Karyotype? Trisomy 13 or equivalent

 

Critical Region? --

 

Clinical Features?

    CNS malformtions eg. holoprosenceph., microceph.

    Cleft palate

    Polydactyly

    Congenital Heart Disease

    Renal abnormalities

    Rarely survive to one year 

Term

Turner syndrome

 

Incidence?

Karyotype?

Critical Region?

Clinical Features?

 

Definition

Incidence? 1/3000 female live births

 

Karyotype? 45 X

 

Critical Region?--

 

Clinical Features?

    Webbed neck, lymphedema, cystic hygroma

    Short

    Shield chest

    Streak ovaries

    Normal intellect with some specail defects

    Autoimmune Thyroid

    Obesity, insulin Resistance, and Gluc intol.

    10% undergo puberty 

Term

Klinefelter Syndrome

 

Incidence?

Karyotype?

Critical Region?

Clinical Features?

 

Definition

Incidence? 1/850 live male births

 

Karyotype? XXY

 

Critical Region? --

 

Clinical Features?

    Atrophic/hyalinized tubules, leydic hyperplasia

    Incr. FSH and Estrogen.  Decr Testosterone

 

    Infertility

    Lack of 2°  sexual characteristics

    Gynecomastia

    Eunuchoid body habitus

    some intellect deficits

Term

Chromosome 15 deletions

 

These cause what syndromes? 

Definition
Prader-Willi: paternal deletion
 
hyperphagia and obesity, DM,  intellect deficits, abnormal face,  short, fair skin
 
Angelman:  maternal deletion --loss of UBE3A
 
"Happy puppet" syndrome 
Term

22q11 deletion

 

Causes __?

Clinical manifestation? 

Definition
Causes?
  DiGeorge Syndrome
     no PT=>hypocalcemia
     no thymus=>deficient t-mediated immunity
     conotruncal cardiac defects
    facial defectgs
 
 Velocardiofacial syndrome
     Cleft Palate
     Characteristic face
     Speech and learning disorders
     
 
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