Term
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Definition
| binds to a receptor site and PRODUCES an effect |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to a receptor site, but once it gets there, it STOPS the effect. There is no effect, it is BLOCKED. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of antagonist where the drug competes with something else, to get to the receptor site first, and blocks it out. The RACE. EX: local anethesia |
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Term
| noncompetitive antagonist |
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Definition
| type of antagonist where MORE RECPEPTOR SITES are added at a cellular level. EX: epinephrine. WHen histamine is released due to an allergic rxn, epinephrine is given. Epinephrine doesn't block histamine, it just adds ore receptor sites, so epinephrine can get into the cell as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| how all drugs work. Drugs bind to a cells receptor site, and give the cell a signal to do something. MODIFIES the cell function. DOES NOT change what the cell DOES, it changes the RATE at which a cell does something (slows it down or speeds it up). |
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Term
| Things that alter a drugs effect (8) |
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Definition
| age, weight, other meds, tolerance, hormones, expiration, smoking, placebo (psychological factors) |
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Term
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Definition
| amount required to produce a desired effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the MAXIMUM effect of a drug. When the intensity of the drug evens off. dose response curve = when the drug effects even off despite intesity |
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Term
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Definition
| The time needed for half of the drug to be out of your body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of cycles it takes for a drug to get completely out of the body. |
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Term
| if the half life of a drug is 60 hours, how long does it stay in your body? (if asked how long it stays in the body MULPIPLY by 5) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the half life of a drug that stays in the body for 100 hours? If asked what the half life is, DIVIDE by 5! |
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Definition
| 20 hours is the half life. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces an effect in 50% of ppl who take it |
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Term
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Definition
| Lethal dose = never used on ppl |
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Term
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Definition
| how a drugs moves through the body |
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Term
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Definition
| how drug goes through the blood stream to the target or organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the drug goes to your liver first and some of the drug gets broken down there first. This is bad for time released drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| how the drug is delivered to the tissues. |
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Term
| order of quickest to slowest method of drug distribution |
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Definition
| sublingual, IV, inhalation, oral, IM, rectal |
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Term
| metabolism/biotransformation |
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Definition
| how the drug is broken down (in the liver) or how its excreted (kidneys). People on many drugs like old ppl have more trouble with drug metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| how a drug leaves the body. Through urine, saliva, sweat, mammary glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you put together 2 drugs with similar actions you get good benefits from it. Ex: instead of taking 2 vicodin (youll be too out of it) take 1 vicodin and 1 advil. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you double up on 2 drugs with the same effect. 1+1=4. This is a bad thing. |
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Term
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Definition
| theraputic index that measures a drugs safety. Legal dose versus effective dose. |
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Term
| What is a theraputic dose? *** |
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Definition
| it measures a drugs safety |
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Term
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Definition
| when a therapeutic effect begins |
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Term
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Definition
| when most of the drug is absorbed or most effective |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an effect that is opposite of what the drug is supposed to be doing. Opposite of the therapeutic effect. Due to misuse or overuse of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction where the reaction was not expected. No one knew that reaction would happen. abnormal or unexpected |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that is predictable, dose related, and you knew it coudl happen. It usually effect NONTARGET organs. EX: tooth stain is a _____ of tetracycline use. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that is not always predictable. Can produce anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that is predictable, fatal and deadly. EX: a drug that is given to treat cancer but it causes kidney failure. |
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Term
| interference with natural defences |
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that effects your immune system. Ex: immuno suppresive drugs. You would would take these if you were getting an organ transplant andyou wanted to make sure your body doesn't try to reject the new organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that effects a certain area. ex: a topical cream that gets rid of one thing but causes another reaction like a rash. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of adverse reaction that causes birth defects. |
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Term
| what are the 2 basic basic classes for routes of administration of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anything on the INSIDE. Starts from teh GI tract Mouth to rectum. EX: sublingual, pills, suppository. |
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Term
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Definition
| gets in from outside the body. Ex: IV, IM, topical, inhalation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| into the muscle (thigh butt or deltoid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| injected into the epidermis. Ex: tb test |
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Term
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Definition
| in between your spinal space. ex: epidural |
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Term
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Definition
| in the abdomin or stomach cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| into the skin or mucous membrane. ex: cream |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the science of drugs and their properties. |
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Term
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Definition
1. to know how pt meds will impact treatment
2. for emergency situations
3. for administering local anesthesia
4. for premedication
5. to be able to talk to pts about their meds. |
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Term
| what are the three drug names? |
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Definition
| chemical name, generic name, trade name |
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Term
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Definition
| determined by chemical structure |
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Term
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Definition
| non proprietary name,the official name before marketing. |
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Term
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Definition
| the trademarked name, under patent law, like a brand name. |
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Term
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Definition
| because they have abuse potential |
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Term
| FDA food and drug administration |
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Definition
| grant approvals for drugs, set safety standards, regulates labeling. |
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Term
| FTC federal trade commission |
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Definition
| regulate trade practicing of drug companies. Prohibit false advertising. |
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Term
| DEA drug enforcement agency |
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Definition
| regulate manufacturing and distribution of substances that have potential for abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
| NO accepted medical use, only experimental in research. ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana, hallucinogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| need a written rx, and signature, but NO refills. ex: oxycontin, morphine, amphetimine, secobarbitol. |
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Term
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Definition
| rx can be telephoned but no more than 5 rx in 6 months. ex: codine and tylenol 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Rx can be phoned in but no more than 5 refills in 6 months. ex: diazepam and darvan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three parts of a perscription? |
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Definition
| 1. Heading 2. Body 3. Closing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| as directed; use as directed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| The goal of this is to create a homeostatic environment. To keep a balance and control bodily functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| SMOOTH MUSCLE like GI tract, blood vessle, and bronchii of lungs. CARDIAC MUSCLE. and GLANDS (salivary and sweat) |
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Term
| what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| 1. sympathetic 2. parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that mimics the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that kills or decreases the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that mimics the parasympatheic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that kills or decreases the parasympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
| what does the parasympathetic nervous system control? |
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Definition
| This part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in daily use of digestion of food, body at rest, and everyday normal functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| system that is outside the blood stream. ex: sweat, oil and saliva. |
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Term
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Definition
| system that is inside the blood stream ex: thyroid hormone, and insulin from the pancreas. |
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Term
| What are the preganglionic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system? what is another name for preganglionic? |
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Definition
| the preganglionic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system are the BRAIN & SPINAL CORD. Another name for preganglionic is NICOTINIC |
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Term
| What are the postganglionic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system? What is another name for postganglionic? |
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Definition
| The postganglionic receptor sites of the parasympathetic nervous system are in CARDIAC MUSCLE, SMOOTH MUSCLE, and EXOCRINE GLANDS. Another name for postganglionic is MUSCARINIC. |
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Term
| What kind of drugs come from the PANS? |
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Definition
| Cholinergic drugs come from this division. |
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Term
| What type of drug is acetylcholine? |
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Definition
| It is a type of cholinergic drug. |
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Term
| What do cholinergic fibers release? |
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Definition
| these fibers release transmitter substance. |
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Term
| What are the 2 things PANS cholinergic drugs do? |
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Definition
| These types of drugs do 2 things 1. enhance action of acetylcholine. 2. inhibit acetylcholinerase. In other words, it mimics what your body would normally do. |
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Term
| A PANS parasympathomimetic cholinergic agonist stimulates receptor sites to send messages to organs. What are the effects that the cholinergic agonist has on the body? |
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Definition
| this drug increases salivation, slows heart rate (bradycardia), constricts bronchioles, aids digestion, increases the tone of the bladder, restricts the pupils (miosis). |
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Term
| Who would need a parasympathomimetic cholinergic agonist? |
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Definition
| A person with Sjograns (med you would give them is called pilocarpine), high blood pressure, tachycardic patient, or a person with decreased salivary flow would need this type of drug. |
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Term
| Who would NOT take a parasympathomimetic cholinergic agonist? AKA what are the contraindications? |
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Definition
| people with bronchiole asthma, peptic ulcers, and uncontrolled hypothyroidism would NOT take these drugs. |
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Term
| parasympatholytic Anticholinergic drugs do what 2 things? |
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Definition
| 1. Prevents action of acetylcholine 2. acetylcholine can still be released but the receptor site is BLOCKED. |
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Term
| A drug that BLOCKS is an example of what type of drug? |
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Definition
| This is a type of competitive antagonist. |
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Term
| A cholinergic drug for the PANS is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An anticholinergic drug for the PANS is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do parasympatholytic anticholinergic drugs do? |
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Definition
| These drugs slow the GI tract, speed up the heart rate, decrease saliva production, enlarge the bronchioles |
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Term
| Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drugs do what? |
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Definition
| These do the opposite of what the body is supposed to do. |
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Term
| What are the anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) pharmocological effects? What does it do for a person? |
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Definition
| The pharmocological effects of this drug type include SMOOTH muscle relaxation, bronchodialation, constipation, mydriasis (dilation of pupils), decrease in bladder tone. Good for someone who always has to urinate. |
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Term
| CNS Dose dependent - HIGH dose does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS Dose dependent - LOWER dose does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| (parasympatholytic) anticholinergic drugs would NOT be good for who? What are the contraindications? |
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Definition
| These types of drugs would not be good for prostatic. AKA ppl with enlarged prostate. |
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Term
| HOw does a parasympatholytic anticholinergic drug effect the dental patient? |
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Definition
| They would have a decreased exocrine gland system so they produce less saliva. They have xerostomia. |
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Term
| What would be the protocol for a pt who is being effected by dental side effects of their anticholinergic parasympatholytic drug? |
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Definition
| custom fl2 tray, xylitol gum, water, biotene, artificial saliva, increased recall appts, sugar free lemon candy. |
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Term
| Name 3 parasympatholytic anticholinergic drugs. |
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Definition
| 1. Atropine 2. Succinylcholine 3. Pro-banthine |
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Term
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Definition
| A parasympatholytic drug that is a medication that decreases bronchiole and saliva secretions (something you might need to take before a surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
| A parasympatholytic drug that decreases secretions used for endoscopys |
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Term
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Definition
| A parasympatholytic drug that is treatment for IBS. If you have too much GI secretions |
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Term
| What are the 2 neurotransmitters that are released by the SANS ? |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine & Epinephrine |
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Term
| Where is norepinephrine released from? |
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Definition
| It is released at the terminal nerve endings |
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Term
| Where is epinephrine released from? |
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Definition
| This is released at the adrenal medulla the cortex produces steroids |
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Term
| What 3 major things is the SANS responsible for? |
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Definition
| 1. Its involved with energy expenditure 2. the adrenaline effect. 3. the release of neurotransmitter norepinephrine and epinephrine. |
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects that occur when the SANS is acitvated? |
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Definition
| dialated pupils-to see better, decreased saliva, increased heart rate, enhanced breathing, inhibits digestion, relaxes the tone of the bladder. Fight or flight responses. |
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Term
| The drugs that initiate the SANS are called what? |
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Definition
| Adrenergic agonists ... Adrenal = adrenergic sympathomimetic |
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Term
| What are the 2 receptors that stimulate the SANS? |
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Definition
| 1. Alpha receptors 2. Beta receptors |
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Term
| What do sympathomimetic alpha receptors do? |
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Definition
| These SANS receptors cause vasoconstriction and dilation of the pupils |
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Term
| What do SANS sympathomimetic Beta receptors do??*** There is Beta 1 and Beta 2 |
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Definition
Beta 1 effects the HEART (we have 1 heart!)
Beta 2 effects the LUNGS (bronchodilation) |
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Term
| What are the pharmacologic effects of the SANS sympathomimetic alpha receptors? |
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Definition
| They involve vasoconstriction, decrease blood flow, and pupil dialation |
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects of SANS sympathomimetic Beta 1 receptors? |
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Definition
| These are good for Tachycardia - good for someone in cardiac arrest. because it increases blood pressure. |
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Term
| What are the pharmocological effects of SANS sympathomimetic Beta 2 receptors? |
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Definition
| THese are good for Asthma and emphysema, because it dialates the airways! |
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Term
| What is the sympathomimetic adrenergic drug used in medical emergencies? SANS related? |
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Definition
| Epinephrine. If acute asthma use Beta 2, If anaphylaxis use beta 2, If cardiac arrest used beta 1. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 SANS sympatholytic adrenergic ANTAGONIST? |
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Definition
| 1. Alpha blockers 2. Beta blockers |
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Term
| What do the SANS sympatholytic adrenergic antagonist alpha blockers do? |
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Definition
| These inhibit vasoconstriction and CAUSE vasodilation. So they go to the receptor site but they DO NOT produce an effect. They BLOCK! |
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Term
| What is Dibenzayline-regitine used for? |
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Definition
| This alpha adrenergic antagonist (sym[atholytic SANS) causes vasodialation and is used for peripheral vascular disease and Raynauds (blue hands and feet) |
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Term
| What are minipres and Hytrin used for? |
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Definition
| This alpha adrenergic antagonist (SANS sympatholytic) is used for hypertension and prostatic hypertrphy. They allow blood to flow easier. A common side effect is ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION - BP suddenly drops. AND it CAUSES XEROSTOMIA |
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Term
| What are beta 1 blockers used for? |
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Definition
| Adrenergic antagonist SANS sympatholytic beta 1 blockers are used to treat HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. Used to treat Hypertension, MIGRAINES, ANGINA, Prevents Miocardial Infarction, they get more oxygen in the blood. |
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Term
| What kind of drugs are propranolol (Inderal), atenolol (Temormin), and metoprolol (Lopressor)? |
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Definition
| These are Beta 1 blockers. They are Adrenergic antagonists of the SANS sympatholytic. |
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