Term
| Treatment for Anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| Epinephrine, Antihistamines, Bronchodialators, fluids, oxygen |
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Term
| Inotropic drugs (cardiotonic) |
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Definition
Digoxin- increases contractility and cardiac output
Dobutamine- beta1, short-term tx for shock, causes heart to beat forcefully and increase heart rate
Dopamine- activates beta1 and alpha1 receptors depending on dose/non selective
Epinephrine- nonselective/ for cardiac arrest and asthma/ vasoconstrictor
Norepinephrine- acts on alpha1 receptors, stimulates beta1 receptors/also for cardiac arrest |
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Term
| Dopamine dose dependant effect |
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Definition
Low dose- selectively increases blood flow through kidneys
High dose- stimulates beta1, causes heart to meat more forcefully and increases cardiac output
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Term
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Definition
Therap. Class- anaphylaxis and shock
Pharm. Class- vasoconstrictor
Action- drug of choice for acute anaphylactic shock. Nonselective and activates both beta and alpha receptors. Increases BP due to alpha1 stimulation. Bronchi opens due to activation of beta2 |
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Term
| What is the desirable level for HDL and LDL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are food interactions with statins? |
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Definition
| Grapefruit juice inhibits absorption of statins |
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Term
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors(statins) ex:
How do they work?
What are adverse effects?
What tests should be closely monitored during first months? |
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Definition
atorvastatin(Lipitor) rosuvastatin(Crestor) fluvastatin(Lescol) lovastatin(Mevacor) pitavastatin(Livalo) pravastatin(Pravachol)
They work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and making more LDL and removing it from blood
AE: indigestion, flatulence, cramping, constapation, muscle injury-weakness, soreness, pain
Monitor liver panel |
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Term
| cholestyramine (Questran) |
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Definition
Therap.Class- Antilipemic
Pharm.Class- Bile acid resin
Action- used to tx high levels of cholesterol and LDLs. Not absorbed or metabolized in stomach but in intestine. May take 30 days or longer to produce maximum effect
AE: constipation, bloating, gas, nausea. Binds to vitamin K, thiazide diuretics, and penicillins. Should be taken 1hr before or 4hrs after other medicatons
Inhibits absorption or warfarin and levothyroxine |
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Term
| retaplase(Retavase)- mechanism of work, containdicatons, adverse effects |
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Definition
Therap.Class- dissoving clots
Pharm.Class- thrombolytics
Action: mot effective if given w/in 30min but no later than 12hrs on onset of MI
Containdicated in patients w/ active bleeding
Dissolves blood clots by activating plasminogen, which then binds to fibrin to make clot
Removes clots and restore circulation to injured or occluded blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) cilostazol(Pletal) dipyridamole(Persantine) pentoxifylline(Trental) |
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Term
| Aspirin, Plavix (use in emergency settings) |
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Definition
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Term
| Heparin VS Warfarin (antidotes, lab test) |
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Definition
Heparin- Lab= aPTT/ Antidote= Protamine sulfate / SE= heparin induced thromocythopenia
Warfarin- Lab= PT&INR/ Antidote= vitamin K / SE=Herbs like garlick, ginko, cranberry, chamomile, ginger, green tea / takes days to reach max effect |
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Term
| What does it mean when chest pain does NOT respind quickly to sublingual nitrogycerin? How many doses of Nitro should be given? |
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Definition
| Unstable angina. No more than 3 w/in 15 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
Stable Angina- predictable in it's frequency, intensity, and duration
Unstable Angina- more frequent or severe and occur during periods of rest |
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Term
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Definition
Volume of blood pumped per minute. Resting cardiac output is 5 liters.
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Term
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Definition
| Blood accuculates in left ventricle, causing SOB and cough. Leads to hypertrophy |
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Term
| Right-sided Heart Failure |
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Definition
| Backs into peripheral veins and causes swelling of ankles, feet, and JVD (jugular vein distention) |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitors and Diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
lisinopril and captopril
Are unique diuretics that besides reducing BP thus afterload, decreases post MI mortality |
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Term
| Names and mechanism of action of CCB |
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Definition
amlodipine(Norvasc)- works on peripheral circulation;reduces S&D and mean PB
nifidipine(Procardia)- selective cacium channels in blood vessels;decreases cascular resistance and increases cardiac output
verapamil(calan)- affects calcium channels in both heart and blood vessels
diltiazem(Cardizem)- dilates coronary arteries; affects calcium channels in both heart and blood vessels |
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Term
| Diseases that are treated with CCB |
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Definition
| Angina pectoris, Cardiac dysrhythmias, and HTN |
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Term
| Beta Blockers: metoprolol and atenolol- SELECTIVE beta 1 blockers block what receptors in the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nadolon(Corgard)
propranolol(Inderal, InnoPran XL)
timolol maleate(Betinol) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Digoxin: mechanism of work?
Toxicity?
Antidote? |
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Definition
To inhibit the Na+ & K+ ATPase enzyme which causes the release of calcium ions to produce more forceful contraction of muscle fibers
Hypokalemia predisposes patient to digoxin toxcity
Antidote:immune fab(Ovine) |
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Term
ACE Inhibitors: lisinopril(Privinil)
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Persistant cough, headache, dizziness, hypotension, angioedema |
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Term
| ARBs(Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) candesartan(Atacand) losartan(Cozaar) When do we use them? |
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Definition
| When patient can't take side effects of ACE inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
Increase excretion of Na+
furosemide(Lasix)
Side Effect: hypokalemia |
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Term
| K+ sparing diuretics: spironolactone(Apresolin) |
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Definition
| Acts by inhibiting aldosterone in distal tubule |
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Term
| Alfa 1 blockers: doxazosin(Cardura) side effects |
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Definition
| Orthostatic hypotention, dizziness, headache |
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Term
| Direct Vasodilator: hydralazine(Apresolin) |
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Definition
hydralazine(Apresolin)- direct-acting casodilator- good for lowering BP in African Americans
Side Effects: headache, reflex tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, nausea, diarrhea, Lupus like symptoms |
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Term
| Drug to tx hypertensive emergency |
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Definition
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Term
| Two hormones produced by the pancreas |
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Definition
| Glucogon and Insulin (Cortisol) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of insulin secretion by pancreas. Common @ juvenile age |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins @ middle-age groups. Common in overweight patients w/low HDL and high triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
Polyuria
polyphagia
polydipsia |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to arteries that lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, gangrene of the toes which leads to amputation |
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Term
| Normal blood glucose levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peak affect @ 2-3 hours / duration of 5-7 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Best to give @ bedtime/ Not to mix with any other insulin products/ Not available in IV form |
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Term
| Why do we need to rotate sites for insulin injections? |
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Definition
| Can cause hard lumps or fatty deposits, making insulin action less reliable and cause brusing |
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Term
| glipizide(Glucotrol) best time to take is? |
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Definition
| 30 minutes prior to primary meal of the day |
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Term
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Definition
| Tachycardia, confusion, sweating, drowsiness, coonvulsions, coma, death |
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Term
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| Increase body metabolism, tachcardia, weight loss, increase body temp., anxiety, Graves disease |
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Term
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Definition
Therap.Class- Hyperthyroidism
Pharm.Class- Antithyroidism
Action: interferes w/synthesis of T3 and T4. Delay reaction of 6-12 weeks. Will return to normal thyroid function
Side Effect: over tx causes hypothyroid symptoms, decrease in platelet and WBC count |
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Term
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Definition
Therap.Class-Thyroid replacement
Pharm.Class-metabolic enhancing/Natural hormone
Action:used as replacement therapy for pt w/low thyroid functon.May requireperiodic adjustments for months to achieve proper levels
Side Effect:tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance. irrefular menstration and osteroporosis in women. Herball supplements like lemon balm causes interference w/thyroid function |
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Term
| Symptoms of hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| Slowed body metabolism, slurred speech, bradycardia, weight gain, low body temp., intolerance to cold environments |
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Term
| Hormones of adrenal cortex |
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Definition
| Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens |
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Term
| Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome |
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Definition
| Adrenal atrophy, osteoporosis, increased risk of infection, delay wound healing, peptic ulcers, redistribution of fat around shoulders and neck |
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Term
| Symptoms of Addison Disease (adrenal insufficiency) |
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Definition
| Hypoglycemia, fatigue, hypotension, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea |
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Term
hydrocortisol is prescribed for?
Long-term side effect? |
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Definition
Adrenocortical insufficiency, inflammation, allergic disorders, joint inflammation
Cushing's Syndrome |
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Term
| Hormones that are produced by anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
F-follicle stimulating (FSH)
L-luteinizing (LH)
A-adenocoticotropic (ACTH)
T-thyroid (TSH)
P-prolactin (PRL)
G-growth (GH)
F-L-A-T-P-I-G |
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Term
| Hormones thats releaed by posterior pituitary |
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Definition
Antidiuretic (ADH)
Oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
CRF (hypothalamus)- ACTH (anterior pituitary)- cortisol(adrenal cortex)
TRF (hypothalamus) - TSH (anterior pituitary)- thyroxin (thyroid gland) |
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