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Nursing
Undergraduate 3
04/09/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is cystitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bladder
Most commonly caused by bacteria moving up urinary tract from external urethra to bladder
Term
Cystitis s/s
Definition
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Urinalysis to test for leukocyte esterase
Term
Pyelonephritis
Definition
- Bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis (upper urinary tract)
Term
Pyelonephritis s/s
Definition
- Fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea
- Flank, back, or loin pain
- Abdominal discomfort
- Turning, N/V, urgency, frequency, nocturia
- General malaise or fatigue
Term
Chronic pyelonephritis key features
Definition
- HTN from ineffective angiotensin I and II
- Inability to conserve sodium
- Decreased concentrating ability
- Development of hyperkalemia and acidosis
Term
Urethral strictures
Definition
- Narrowed areas of urethra
- Most often caused by syphillis
- Common symptom: obstruction of urine flow
- Treatment: urethroplasty, temporary: dilation of urethra
Term
Stress incontinence
Definition
- Most common type
- Caused by weakened pelvic muscles: can't tighten muscles enough to overcome contraction of bladder
- Common after childbirth
- Interventions: kegels, surgery
Term
Urge incontinence
Definition
- Urgent need to urinate from bladder contractions
- Interventions: drugs (anticholinergics, antihistamines), diet therapy (avoid caffeine and alcohol), behavioral interventions (exercises, bladder/habit training)
Term
Overflow incontinence (reflex incontinence)
Definition
Contantly full bladder triggers frequent urination or constant dribble
- Caused by weakened bladder muscles from ANS damage or blocked urethra
- Interventions: surgery to relieve obstruction, intermittent catheterization, drug therapy, behavioral interventions
Term
Functional incontinence
Definition
Inability to get to toilet prior to urination bc of mobility, meds, diseases, cognitive deficit
- Interventions: treatment of reversible causes, habit training, applied devices, catheterization
Term
What is urolithiasis and what are the causes
Definition
stones in urinary tract
caused by
- slow urine flow
- increased acidity
- too alkalyn
- damage to urethra lining
Term
Nursing interventions of urolithiasis
Definition
- Very painful in lower back (can radiate to front of abdomen), give pain meds
- Look for kidney stone in urine using coffee filter
- Surgery needed if stone is large enough to block ureter
- Prevent by drinking at least 3L water a day
Term
Lithotripsy
Definition
Uses sound, laser, or dry shock wave energy to break stones into smaller fragments
- Pt undergoes conscious sedation
- Continuous monitoring by ECG bc there can be cardiac side effects from procedure or laser
Term
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Definition
Hydronephrosis: obstruction of upper part of ureter
Hydroureter: obstruction of lower part of ureter
Term
Polycystic kidney disorder
Definition
- Inherited disorder, fluid-filled cysts in nephrons
- Chronic, no treatment
- Kidney tissue replaced with cysts, kidney gets bigger, can grow to size of football
Term
Polycystic kidney disorder s/s
Definition
- Abdominal or flank pain
- Hypertension
- Nocturia
- Increased abdominal girth
- Constipation
- Bloody or cloudy urine
- Kidney stones
Term
Nursing interventions for polycystic kidney disorder
Definition
- Acute and chronic pain
- Constipation
- Hypertension and renal failure
Term
Acute glomerulonephritis
Definition
- From prior (10 days ago) exposure to a pathogen
- Symptoms: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, edema, HTN
- Interventions: manage infection, prevent complications (BP), patient education
Term
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Definition
- Develops over 20-30 yrs, cause unknown
- Kidney's atrophy, leads to kidney failure, need dialysis replacement
- Diagnosed by decreased GFR, decreased creatinine clearance
Term
Interventions for glomerulophritis
Definition
- Slow progression, prevent complications
- Diet changes
- Fluid intake
- Drug therapy to prevent uremia
- Dialysis, transplantation
Term
Nephrotic syndrome
Definition
- Increased glomerular peremability allowing larger molecules to pass into urine
- Causes severe loss of protein into urine, edema formation, decreased plasma albumin levels
- Caused by inflammation, immune problem
Term
Nephrotic syndrome treatment
Definition
- Immunosuppresive agents
- ACE inhibitors
- Heparin
- Diet changes
- Mild diuretics
Term
Nephrosclerosis
Definition
Thickening in nephron blood vessels resulting in narrowing of lumen
- Occurs with HTN, artherosclerosis, diabetes
- Treatment: control HTN
Term
Renovascular disease
Definition
Process affecting renal arteries
May severely narrow lumen reducing blood flow to kidneys
- Interventions: manage HTN, restore blood flow to kidney
Term
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Definition
Benign growth of glandular tissue in prostate gland that results in ureter narrowing
Term
s/s BPH
Definition
- Hyperirritable bladder
- Urgency and frequency
- Hypertrophied bladder wall muscles
- Cellules and diverticula
- Hydroureter
- Hydronephrosis
- Overflow urinary incontinence
- Straining
- Weak stream
Term
Complications of BPH
Definition
- Urinary retention and reflux
- Hyperirritability of ureter
- Hypertrophy of ureter
Term
Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
Definition
To remove part of prostate
Post op care
- Urinary catheter with retention balloon placed into bladder
- Traction via taping to patient's abdomen or thigh
- Uncomfortable urge to void continuously
Term
Hydrocele
Definition
Cystic mass usually filled w/ straw-colored fluid forms around testis, results from impaired lymphatic drainage of scrotum, causing swelling of tissues surrounding testes
Term
Hydrocele treatment
Definition
- Drainage via needle and syringe
- Surgical removal
Term
Sprematocele
Definition
- Sperm-containing cyst develops on epididymis alongside the testicle
- Normally small and asymptomatic, require no intervention
- If large enough to cause discomfort, spermatocelectomy is performed
Term
Varicocele
Definition
- Cluster of dilated veins occuring behind and above testis
- Can cause infertility
- PErform varicocelectomy through inguinal incision, ligate spermatic veins
Term
Phimosis
Definition
constriction on opening of foreskin so it cannot be retracted over head of penis
emergency circumcision
Term
Paraphimosis
Definition
Foreskin is retracted behind the head and can't be replaced to normal position
Creates tourniquet for penis head
Term
Balanitis
Definition
Swelling of foreskin and head of penis
Term
Prostatitis
Definition
- Inflammation of prostate gland
- Can be acute or chronic
Term
Prostatitis s/s
Definition
- Chills, fever, skin flushing (chronic similar symptoms of acute but less severe)
- Urinary symptoms: blood, dysuria, difficulty starting, foul smelling, weak stream, pain in abdomen, pain w/ ejaculation, blood in semen, pain during bowel movements
Term
Prostatitis treatment
Definition
- Antibiotics
- Urinate often and completely
- Warm baths to relieve pain
- Stool softeners
- Avoid substances that irritate the bladder
- Push fluids
Term
Epididymitis
Definition
- Inflammation of epididymis resulting from infection or noninfectious source (trauma)
- Treatment: bedrest, scrotum elevation, scrotal support when ambulating
Term
Orchitis
Definition
Acute testicular inflammation resulting from trauma or infection
- Treatment: bedrest w/ scrotal elevation, ice, analgesics, antibiotics
- Can get orchitis from mumps
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