Term
| What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for hemodialysis (6): |
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Definition
1. refractory hyperkalemia
2. volume overload or pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics
3. refractory metabolic acidosis (<7.2)
4. uremic pericarditis
5. uremic encephalopathy or neuropathy
6. coagulopathy due to renal failure |
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Term
| What does positive leukocyte esterase signify on urine dipstick? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a reading of positie nitrites in the urine indicate? |
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Definition
| presence of enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
| High risk adult who presents with palpable purpura and a host of other things: |
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Definition
mixed essential cryoglobulinemia
-palpable purpura, proteinuria, and hematuria. arthralgias, HSM, hypocomplementemia
- demonstration of circulating cryoglobulins is confirmatory.
- most pts have HCV
- in H-S purpura, complement levels are normal |
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Term
| What is a nonspecific but very sensitive finding for ATN? |
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Definition
| muddy brown granular casts consisting of renal tubular epithelial cells.. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Casts seen in intersitial nephritis and pyelonephritis: |
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Definition
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Term
| Casts seen in nephrotic syndrome: |
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Definition
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Term
| Casts seen in chronic renal failure: |
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Definition
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Term
| DDx for hematuria s/p URI: |
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Definition
1. post-streptococcal GN
- latent period from 10-21 days (pharyngitis and impetigo)
- serum complement levels are low
2. IgA nephropathy -- adults
- pts will have recurrent episodes of hematuria beginning several days after URI. Complement is normal.
- Latent period less than 5 days |
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Term
| Anticholinergics and urinary retention: |
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Definition
| Anticholinergics both reduce detrusor muscle contraction and prevent urethral sphincter relaxation. |
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Term
| Metformin should not be given to pts in _______ failure, _________ failure, or sepsis. |
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Definition
1. renal
2. hepatic
This is because these conditions all increase the chance of developing lactic acidosis. |
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Term
| Pt with radiolucent kidney stone and excessively acidic urine: |
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Definition
| -this is probably a uric acid stone. Treat with iv hydration and alkalinization of the urine with potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate. |
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Term
| Young AA male presents with painless hematuria and nothing else: |
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Definition
| - typical presentation for sickle cell trait |
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Term
| granulation within the ear canal |
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Definition
| is a characteristic manifestation of malignant otitis externa, which is most commonly caused by pseudomonas |
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Term
| hematuria at the end of voiding |
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Definition
| - called terminal hematuria, often suggests a prostatic or bladder cause. |
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Term
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Definition
- most common form of drug-induced renal failure.
- Papillary necrosis and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis are the most common pathologies seen.
- Pt c chronic analgesic abuse are more likely to develop premature aging, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and urinary tract cancer. |
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Term
| What kind of renal disease do HIV patients get? |
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Definition
focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Aka, HIV related nephropathy.
- This disease may present in those with CD 4 counts in the normal range.
- more prevalent amoung blacks
- typical presentation includes nephrotic range proteinuria, azotmeia, and normal-sized kidneys. |
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Term
| The cremasteric reflex is _________ (present/absent) in testicular torsion. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of ideopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults? |
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Definition
| - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
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Term
| Hepatitis B is a/w _________ _________nephritis. |
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Definition
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