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GU
N/A
91
Pharmacology
Professional
03/11/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Definition
acetazolamide
dorzolamide
Term
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work at...
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
MOA for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Definition
prevent formation of H+ and HCO3-->less H+ to exchange for Na+-->less Na+ reabsorbed-->less water reabsorbed
Term
used for open angle glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and high altitude sickness
Definition
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Term
side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Definition
metabolic acidosis
Term
osmotic diuretics
Definition
mannitol
glycerin
urea
isosorbide
Term
osmotic diuretics work at...
Definition
entire tubule
Term
create osmotic gradient that favors water retention in the tubular lumen
Definition
osmotic diuretics
Term
used to treat acute renal failure, reduce CSF volume and pressure after head injury, glaucoma, and hemodialysis
Definition
osmotic diuretics (Mannitol)
Term
potential side effect is exacerbation of cardiac failure and/or pulmonary edema
Definition
osmotic diuretics
Term
Which osmotic diuretic cannot penetrate cell membranes?
Definition
mannitol
Term
loop diuretics
Definition
furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide
Term
loop diuretics work at...
Definition
thick ascending loop of Henle
Term
diuretics that act on Na-K-Cl symporter
Definition
loop diuretics
Term
diuretics that inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption and increase Ca and K excretion
Definition
loop diuretics
Term
used in acute reanl failure (esp. in severe cases), hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, and HTN only if others have failed
Definition
loop diuretics
Term
Which diuretics can cause agranulocytosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypomagnesemia?
Definition
loop diuretics
Term
used when high doses of furosemide are ineffective in heart failure
Definition
bumetanide
Term
close evaluation of K and creatnine necessary
Definition
torsemide
Term
loop diuretic drug interactions
Definition
aminoglycosides
digitalis
warfarin
sulfonylureas
lithium
NSAIDs
thiazides (watch for hypokalemia)
Term
Which loop diuretic has the least stable bioavailability?
Definition
furosemide (can be reduced in conditions such as abdominal volume retention)
Term
thiazides
Definition
hydrochlorothiazide
chlorothiazide
chlorthalidone
metolazone
indapamide
Term
thiazides work at...
Definition
distal tubule
Term
diuretics that inhibit Na-Cl symporter
Definition
thiazides
Term
diuretic that inhibits Na reabsorption (less than loops) and increases Ca reabsorption
Definition
thiazides
Term
cause decreased preload and afterload, and decreased PVR after a few weeks
Definition
thiazides
Term
"thiazide-like" diuretics
Definition
metolazone
indapamide
Term
diuretics that can cause hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia with hypovolemia, hyperglycemia, ED, increased serum cholesterol, and allergic reaction
Definition
thiazides
Term
thiazide drug interactions
Definition
lithium
digoxin
oral meds for DM
Term
potassium sparing aldosterone antagonists
Definition
spironolactone
eplerenone
Term
potassium sparing ENaC antagonists
Definition
triamterene
amiloride
Term
potassium sparing diuretics work at...
Definition
collecting duct
Term
used to prevent K loss (either from side effect of thiazide/loop or hyperaldosteronism)
Definition
potassium sparing diuretics
Term
greater effect in cirrhotic pts than furosemide
Definition
potassium sparing diuretics
Term
useful in long term management of HF
Definition
spironolactone
Term
diuretic approved for post-MI CHF
Definition
eplerenone
Term
potassium sparing diuretics take how long to start acting
Definition
10-48 hours
Term
side effects of spironolactone
Definition
hyperkalemia (esp. with ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs), anti-androgen effect
Term
spare K by decreasing the lumen-negative gradient that drives the expulsion of K/H into the lumen
Definition
potassium sparing ENaC antagonists
Term
side effect of nephrolithiasis
Definition
triamterene
Term
aquaretics
Definition
conivaptan
desmopressin (DDAVP)
Term
aquaretics work at...
Definition
collecting duct
Term
MOA of aquaretics
Definition
mimic ADH (vasopressin)--retention hormone
Term
used for central diabetes insipidus and hyponatremia (as in SIADH)
Definition
aquaretics
Term
oxybutynin
Definition
anticholinergic--OAB
Term
causes less dry mouth than it's counterpart but does cause erythema and pruritis
Definition
oxytrol patch (oxybutynin transdermal)
Term
tolterodine
Definition
OAB
similar to oxybutynin
Term
trospium chloride
Definition
Sanctura
OAB
Term
OAB drug that is less likely to pass through BBB and therefore has fewer side effects
Definition
trospium chloride (Sanctura)
Term
darifenacin
Definition
Enablex
OAB
Term
solifenacin
Definition
Vesicare
OAB
Term
OAB drug that is M3 selective
Definition
darifenacin (Enablex)
Term
major side effect of alpha blockers
Definition
postural hypotension
Term
doxazosin
Definition
alpha blocker
Cardura
BPH
Term
Which alpha blocker may have LDL lowering effect?
Definition
doxazosin (Cardura)
Term
terazosin
Definition
alpha blocker
BPH
Hytrin
Term
tamsulosin
Definition
alpha blocker
BPH
Flomax
Term
Which BPH drug is alpha 1A selective?
Definition
tamsulosin (Flomax)
Term
BPH drug that has very little vascular side effects
Definition
tamsulosin (Flomax)
Term
alpha blocker rarely used for BPH
Definition
prazosin (Minipress)
Term
MOA for alpha blockers
Definition
competitive antagonists that block sympathetic tone and allow bladder to relax
Term
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Definition
finasteride (Proscar)
dutasteride
Term
Which 5-alpha reductase inhibitor is type 2 selective?
Definition
finasteride
Term
used for BPH to reduce the size of the prostate and for alopecia
Definition
finasteride/propecia
Term
What do you need to do before starting pt on finasteride?
Definition
get PSA (will go down after treatment)
Term
Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should not handle...
Definition
finasteride
Term
After taking finasteride, one cannot donate blood for ___ months after stopping treatment.
Definition
6
Term
5-alpha reductase inhibitors have a fast/slow onset
Definition
slow (3-6 months)
Term
OTC used for BPH
Definition
saw palmetto
Term
side effect of saw palmetto
Definition
ED
Term
bethanechol
Definition
muscarinic agonist
Term
used for post-op urinary retention and neurogenic bladder
Definition
bethanechol
Term
bethanechol contraindications
Definition
asthma
bradycardia
PUD
epilepsy/Parkinsonism
Term
Why does bethanechol have a long duration of action?
Definition
not hydrolyzed effectively by cholinesterase
Term
PDE-5 inhibitors
Definition
sildenafil
vardenafil
tadalafil
Term
MOA for PDE-5 inhibitors
Definition
increase cGMP that promotes and sustains smooth muscle relaxation and reduce metabolism of cGMP
Term
Which PDE-5 inhibitor is best for post-radical-prostatectomy and diabetic pts?
Definition
vardenifil (Levitra)
Term
can cause bright vision and/or blue-green halo around vision
Definition
sildenafil (Viagra)
Term
Which PDE-5 inhibitor has increased occurrence of priapism?
Definition
tadalafil (Cialis)
Term
PDE-5 contraindications
Definition
pts taking organic nitrites (sublingual NG, isosorbide)
severe coronary disease (stress test first)
Term
PDE-5 inhibitor that works best on empty stomach
Definition
sildenafil (Viagra)
Term
longest lasting PDE-5 inhibitor that is not affected by food/fatty meals
Definition
tadalafil (Cialis)
Term
apomorphine HCl (Urima)
Definition
D2 agonist used for ED
Term
MOA for apomorphine HCl
Definition
enhances central natural erectile signals that normally occur in the brain
Term
intracavernous ED drugs
Definition
papaverine
alprostadil
Term
vasoactive prostaglandin E1
Definition
alprostadil
Term
most commonly prescribed drug for FSD
Definition
testosterone
Term
side effect of testosterone in women
Definition
masculinization
liver toxicity in high doses
Term
relieves menopausal symptoms (vaginal dryness, itching, discomfort)
Definition
estrogen (Premarin)
Term
women's version of viagra
Definition
Avlimil
Term
Befar
Definition
topical that causes clitoral stimulation by vasodilation
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