CNS=brain & spinal cord

PNS=

autonomic-smooth muscle,

sympathetic (thoracic and lumbar) short pre and long post=fight or flight,

parasympathetic (cranial and cervical) long pre and short post-rest and digest,

somatic-skeletal muscle

Sypathetic: Acetylcholine, Norepi, Nicotinic= adrenergic muscarinic (swat glands)

Parasympathetic: Acetylchoine, Nicotinic=muscarinic

Somatic: Acetylcholine = nicotinic 

Nicotinic- Stimulated by ACh, Norepi

Catecholamines- Dopamine, Norepi, epi, MAOI's-Tyramine

      Tyrosine converted into L-dopa converted into dopamine packaged into vesicles and turns itno epi then turned into norepi

Tyramin acts as a Dopamine, Norepi, Epi releasing agent. 

Used to decrease BP, Cardiac Arrest, Premature Labor.

Break down Catecholamines

Sympathomemetic Drugs

Direct Acting

A2 Agonist (- feedback): Clonidine

B2 Agonist: Albuterol, Terbutaline.

Sympathomemetic Drugs

Indirect Acting

Methampethamine: Increase release of NE anddopamine, and increase CNS effects

Amphetamine: increase release of NE and dopamine with more CNS effects

Ritalin: used for ADHD

Adrenoreceptor Antagonists

Alpha-antagonists:

Phentolamine, Doxazosin, Prazosin, Yohimbine

Block catecholamines from binding to a1 and a2 receptors

Decrease BP, Vasodilation

SE: Cardiac postural hypotension, decreased PVR, muscle relaxation, ease micturition, pupil constrict, increase nasal stuffiness.

Adrenoreceptor Antagonists

B-antagonists: Metoprolol, Atenolol, timolol

Will always be stronger than b agonists

SE: decrease BP, CO, increase NA retention, increase airway resistance, decrease aqueous humor production, decrease metabolism, decrease renin secretion (why its useful in CG), decreases lipolysis.

Muscarinic Agonist

Methylcholine, pilocarpine, carbachol, bethanechol

MOA: Enhance the activity of the muscarinic receptor

Use: Dx of asthma, decrease intraocular pressure, urinary retention, neurogenic bladder, M1 effects help in cognition

SE: SLUG BAM

Muscarinic Antagonists

Atropine, Scopalomine, Dimenhydramine, Ditropan, Vesicare, ENeblex, Atrovent, Spiriva

MOA: Decrease activity of Ach at the muscarinic receptor

Uses: Anethesia, Bradycardia, Motion Sickness, Overactive Bladder, Asthma, COPD

SE: ABCDs=anorexia, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, sedation

Nicotinic Agonists:

Succcinylcholine, Nicoderm, Chantix

MOA: Activate cholinergic channels causing depolarization of the cell membrance and blockading them open, agent must stay and agonize the site for channel to say open and continuously activate nicotinic receptors, paralysis occurs do to continously open channels

Uses: Paralysis, Nictoine supplement

Nictoinic Antagonist:

Vancornium, rocuronium, Vecuronium

MOA: prevents Ach from attaching to N receptors causing muscle cell deploarization causes a non-depolaring neuromuscular blackage

Uses: Paralysis in surgery/ anethesia

Acetylcolinesterase Inhibitors

Pyridostigmine, neostigmine, tacrine, aricept

MOA: blocks the breakdown of Ach, causing elevated levels of Ach in the synapses

Uses: Myasthenia gravis incrase transmission, increase GI motility, Alzheimers to increase central cholinergic activity

SE: NVD, gas

CI: people with severe heart dz, untreated epilepsy, and active peptic ulcer dz.

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

A1

(Epi, norepi)-non selective, dopamine, phenylephrine, clonidine, osymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

A2

(epi, norepi)-nonselective, Clonidine, apraclonidine, phenylephrine

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

B1

Epi, dobutamine, albuterol , Dopamine

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

B2

Epinephrine, Ritodrine, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Dobutamine

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

D1

Dopamine, Fenoldopam

Effects of Sympathomimetic drugs (Agonist)

D2

Dopamine