Term
| What are ways that Viruses can be transmitted? |
|
Definition
droplet
direct physical contact
indirect physical contact
airborne
fecal-oral
vector |
|
|
Term
| Retroviruses use what enzyme to convert their RNA to DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abortive infection? |
|
Definition
| the virus has an incomplete viral replication cycle |
|
|
Term
| What is a latent infection? |
|
Definition
| virus persists but does not replicate or destroy the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is a persistant infection? |
|
Definition
| viruses are made continously, with or without altering the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virus-cell interaction that results in a cell change that can be inherited |
|
|
Term
| What are the respiratory Viral Infections? |
|
Definition
Influenza A, B, C
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Coxsackie
Echovirus |
|
|
Term
| What are the enteric Viral Infections? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus
Norwalk
Enteric adenovirus |
|
|
Term
| What are the herpes Viral Infections? |
|
Definition
Herpes Simplex I and II
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr
Varicella-Zoster |
|
|
Term
| What are the hepatic Viral Infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the nervous system Viral Infections? |
|
Definition
Poliovirus
Rabies
JC virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a subacute sclerosing panencepahilits virus? |
|
Definition
Kuru
-a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalism |
|
|
Term
| What is the main cause for the common cold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can your patient become more susceptible to Rhinovirus 14? |
|
Definition
-if they have an ICAM-1 receptor on epithelial cells
-if thier cells have been preexposed to TNF alpha |
|
|
Term
| What is the major cause of influenza infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mutations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase allow a virus to escape most antibodies causing an epidemic called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are replaced through recombination of RNA segments with those of animal viruses a pandemic can occur, this is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary influenza virus infection is cleared by what? |
|
Definition
1. cytotoxic T cells killing infected cells
2. intracellular anti-influenza protein induced in macrophage |
|
|
Term
| What is a non-enveloped icosohedral virus that most commonly is responsible for milder URI outbreaks but can cause severe sporadic pnuemonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus can survive in the environment for a long time and causes hand-foot and mouth disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is among the leading causes of acute febrile illness, is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis, and linked to high infant mortality rates, pharyngitis, and myocarditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 yr of age in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is a coronavirus and affects the lower respiratory tract and then spreads throughout, can cause severe respiratory disease, tachypnea, and pleurisy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subtype of virus A causes swine flu and avian flu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is a major cause of diarrhea in children under the age of six and is a double stranded RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is the second leading cuase of diarrhea in infants and children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus causes gastroenteritis with diarrhea and rarely occurs in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is enteric, found only in the gut, and has a surface like a star shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is HSI and HSII transmitted? |
|
Definition
HSI-orally and respiratory
HSII-sexual contact |
|
|
Term
| Which virus cause mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus replicates in the salivary gland epithelial cells and enter the B cells in the lymphoid tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus can cause two diseases, is highly contagious, and can remain latent in nerve cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestation associated with herpes simplex infections? |
|
Definition
gingivo-stomatis
conjuctivitis/keratitis
Kaposi's Varicelliform
genital herpes |
|
|
Term
What is
gingivo-stomatis? |
|
Definition
| vesicular erruptions extending from around the nose to the mouth and the retropharynx |
|
|
Term
What is
conjuctivitis/keratitis? |
|
Definition
| corneal lesions, infiltrates of mononuclear cells leading to scars, opacification, and blindness |
|
|
Term
What is
Kaposi's Varicelliform? |
|
Definition
| vesiculating involvement of the skin |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is caused by a paramyxovirus, is highly contagious, and shows symptoms of photophobia,eye burning, Kopliks spots, and skin rash? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white lesions in the mouth associated with measles |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is caused by a paramyxovirus, is highly contagious, and shows symptoms inflammation and swelling of the parotid gland (less often salivary)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is a togavirus, characterized by measles like rash ans swelling of cervical lymph nodes, swelling and joint pain, and is a concern for severe congenital malformations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Conyloma Acuminatum (benign tumor of the external genitals) caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes warts, laryngeal growths, and cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hepatitis does not lead to chronic infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete hepatitis B virions that can be seen in the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inclusion particles associated with viral hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| Which hepatitis is the major cause of liver disease and has no vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hepatitis can only work if Hep B is present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hepatitis is the enterically transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics does the early acute phase of HIV have? |
|
Definition
-high level of virus production
-widespread virus in lymph
-sore throat, myalgias, fever, rash
-3 to 6 weeks after infection |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics does the middle chronic phase of HIV have? |
|
Definition
-clinical latency
-intact immune system
-low replication in lymph |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics does the final or crisis phase of HIV have? |
|
Definition
-breakdown of host defense
-long fever, weight loss, diarrhea, and reduced CD4 count |
|
|
Term
| What opportunistic infections go with HIV? |
|
Definition
Herpes Simplex
CMV
EBV
VZ
Hep B
|
|
|
Term
| What malignatn diseases go with HIV? |
|
Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma
Undiff. B cell lymphoma
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
Hodgkin's disease
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Term
| A patient comes in with encephalitis, malaise, and fever. They tell you they were bit by a rabbit a few weeks ago. They then experience convulsions and foaming at the mouth in front of you. You think that they have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus infects the oropharynx first then multiplies in the intestines and lymph nodes, and can invade the CNS affecting motor neurons of the spinal cord or brain stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is genetically similar to SV40 and cuases multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunedeficient patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prion disease can cause rapid progressive dementia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prion disease is caused by cannibalism and presents with tremors and motor incapacity and death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by the measles? It also causes personality changes, involuntary movements, and neurologic deteriorations? |
|
Definition
| Subacute Slcerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is characterized by serous inflammation of the linings of the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which virus is in the RNA virus family Filoviridae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does HTLV-1 stand for? |
|
Definition
human T-cell lymphotrophic virus
same class as AIDS |
|
|
Term
| DNA probes can be used to detect which infectious agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Culturing can be used to detect which infectious agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody probes can be used to detect which infectious agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which influenza is most virulent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which influenza almost exclusively infects humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inlcusion bodies in cells associated with smallpox |
|
|
Term
| What is verruca vulgaris? |
|
Definition
| a common wart associated with HPV |
|
|
Term
| HPV causes what type of proliferative lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pathology of infected cells in HPV is a characteristic cytopathic effect termed? |
|
Definition
Koilocytosis
-Koilocytes are a type of dysplastic squamous cell found in potentially precancerous cervical lesion |
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