Term
| Importance of minority influence in group decision-making |
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Definition
| "minority viewpoints...even when they are wrong...contribute to the detection of novel solutions and decisions that, on balance, are qualitatively better." |
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Term
| Advice for leaders and group members: set norms of openness and assign devil's advocates to... |
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Definition
Raise multiple perspectives
counteract individual decision-making biases (escalation of commitment, confirmation bias, availability heuristic, framing, overconfidence, anchoring and adjustment" |
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Term
| Minority opinions get heard in groups from members who... |
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Definition
have high status
have made prior contributions
are prototypical (representative) of the group |
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Term
| These members are given "idiosyncrasy credits" |
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Definition
| latitude to deviate from norms and challenge the status quo, and serious consideration |
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Term
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Definition
Leaders: solicit opinions from these group members
Group members: use your idiosyncrasy credits to play the devil's advocate |
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Term
| What does status depend on in groups? |
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Definition
| Status in groups often depends on assertiveness: confident, dominant statements convey competence and leadership, earning more respect and attention |
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Term
| Is assertiveness as important in interdependent groups? |
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Definition
Individuals are granted more status when they use:
Hesitations ("well, um")
Tag questions ("that's interesting, don't you think?")
Hedges ("kinda, sorta")
Disclaimers ("this may be a stupid idea, but...")
Intensifiers ("really, very") |
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Term
| The power of powerless speech: in interdependent groups... |
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Definition
members tend to care more about agreeableness and warmth than dominance and competence
To gain status and influence group decisions, you can convey warmth and agreeableness with...
tentative speech patterns
smiles and friendly gestures |
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